基于能值分析的生态供水效益量化方法
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摘要
为了能够客观、真实地反映生态供水系统中供水效益的影响,弥补传统间接计算法不能全面考虑所有效益的缺点,利用能值分析方法,将生态生产系统的投入和产出转化为同一量纲,对生态供水效益进行量化研究,绘制生态生产系统能量图并建立能值分析表,计算生态供水效益分摊系数,从而计算生态供水总效益和单方水供水总效益。以南水北调东线应急供水受水区——京津冀地区为例,利用2015年的数据,计算得出该地区的生态供水效益分摊系数为4.08%,单方水供水效益为5.48元/m~3。
To objectively and veritably reflect the impacts of water supply benefits in an ecological water supply system and to remedy the drawbacks of traditional indirect calculation methods which are incapable of considering all the benefits, emergy analysis is applied to quantify the benefits of ecological water supply by converting the input and output of the ecological producing system into a unified dimension. The emergy chart of the ecological producing system has been drawn and the energy analysis table has been set up. The benefit sharing coefficient of ecological water supply was calculated based on which the total benefit of ecological water supply and the benefits of pre-stere water were obtained. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, an emergency water supply area in the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, was taken as an example to calculate the benefit sharing coefficient of the ecological water supply and the benefits of pre-stere water using the data in 2015.The results are 4.08%, and 5.48 yuan/m~3, respectively.
To objectively and veritably reflect the impacts of water supply benefits in an ecological water supply system and to remedy the drawbacks of traditional indirect calculation methods which are incapable of considering all the benefits, emergy analysis is applied to quantify the benefits of ecological water supply by converting the input and output of the ecological producing system into a unified dimension. The emergy chart of the ecological producing system has been drawn and the energy analysis table has been set up. The benefit sharing coefficient of ecological water supply was calculated based on which the total benefit of ecological water supply and the benefits of pre-stere water were obtained. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, an emergency water supply area in the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, was taken as an example to calculate the benefit sharing coefficient of the ecological water supply and the benefits of pre-stere water using the data in 2015.The results are 4.08%, and 5.48 yuan/m~3, respectively.
引文
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[20]郭溪,吴泽宁,王慧亮.区域农业生产系统用水正负效益分析及能值评估[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(4):1-5.(GUO Xi,WU Zening,WANG Huiliang.Emergy evaluation of positive and negative effects of water utilization in regional agricultural production system[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(4):1-5.(in Chinese))
[2]杨丽,张子强,孙静,等.京石段应急供水工程生态环境效益评估方法探讨[J].北京水务,2011(5):55-57.(YANG Li,ZHANG Ziqiang,SUN Jing,et al.The evaluation method of ecological environmental benefit of emergency water supply engineering in jingshi section[J].Beijing Water,2011(5):55-57.(in Chinese))
[3]陈宁,张健,谭皓瑜.用机会成本法计算生态环境供水经济效益[J].河海大学学报(自然科学报),2006,34(5):583-586.(CHEN Ning,ZHANG Jian,TAN Haoyu.The economic benefit of ecological environment water supply is calculated by the opportunity cost method[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2006,34(5):583-586.(in Chinese))
[4]BROWN M T,MARTINEZ A,UCHE J.Emergy analysis applied to the estimation of the recovery of costs for water services under the European water framework directive[J].Ecological Modelling,2010,221(17):2123-2132.
[5]NILSSON D.Energy,exergy and emergy analysis of using straw as fuel in district heating plants[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,1997,13(1/2):63-73.
[6]BARAL A,BAKASHI B R.Emergy analysis using USeconomic input-output models with applications to life cycles of gasoline and corn ethanol[J].Ecological Modelling,2010,221(15):1807-1818.
[7]罗乾,方国华,黄显峰,等.基于能值理论分析方法的农业灌溉效益研究[J].水电能源科学,2011,29(6):137-139.(LUO Qian,FANG Guohua,HUANG Xianfeng,et al.Study on benefit of agricultural irrigation based on emergy theory analysis method[J].Water Resources and Power,2011,29(6):137-139.(in Chinese))
[8]罗乾,方国华,黄显峰.基于能值理论分析方法的工业供水效益研究[J].水利科技与经济,2011,17(5):37-40.(LUO Qian,FANG Guohua,HUANG Xianfeng.Study on the efficiency of industrial water supply based on the method of energy value theory[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2011,17(5):37-40.(in Chinese))
[9]韩增林,胡伟,钟敬秋,等.基于能值分析的中国海洋生态经济可持续发展评价[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2563-2573.(HAN Zenglin,HU Wei,ZHONG Jingqiu,et al.Sustainable development of marine eco-economics based on an emergy analysis in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2563-2573.(in Chinese))
[10]彭俊杰.基于能值分析的生态经济系统综合研究:以河南省为例[J].世界科技研究与发展,2014,36(2):175-181.(PENG Junjie.Integrative research of ecologicaleconomic system based on energy analysis:a case study in Henan Province[J].World Sci-tech R&D,2014,36(2):175-181.(in Chinese))
[11]ODUM H T.Environmental accounting:emergy and environ:mental decision making[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1996.
[12]ULGIATI S H T,ODUM E C.The prosperous way down[J].Ecological Modeling,2004,178(1/2):247-250.
[13]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[14]FAN J L,MCCONKEY B G,JANZEN H H,et al.Emergy and energy analysis as an integrative indicator of sustainability:a case study in semi-arid Canadian farmlands[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,172:428-437.
[15]HEANEY J P.History of the department of environmental engineering sciences,University of Florida[J].Environmental and Water Resources(Milestones in Engineering History),2007,251(4):29-35.
[16]吴瑾.基于能值生态足迹的江苏省可持续发展分析[J].统计与决策,2017,24:104-106.(WU Jin.Analysis of sustainable development in Jiangsu based on emergy ecological footprint[J].Statistics&Decision,2017,24:104-106.(in Chinese))
[17]王鹏,刘小鹏,姚晓艳,等.基于能值分析的宁夏生态经济系统可持续发展评价[J].生态经济,2018,34(1):70-73.(WANG Peng,LIU Xiaopeng,,YAO Xiaoyan,et al.Evaluation of sustainable development of Ningxia ecological economic system based on emergy analysis[J].Ecological Economy,2018,34(1):70-73.(in Chinese))
[18]曹景迎.平原水库供水效益与可持续发展对策研究[J].水利经济,2007,25(1):54-56.(CAO Jingying.Study on water supply benefit and sustainable development countermeasures of plain reservoir[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2007,25(1):54-56.(in Chinese))
[19]席宏正,康文星.洞庭湖湿地资源能值-货币价值评价与分析[J].水利经济,2008,26(6):37-40.(XIHongzheng,KANG Wenxing.Evaluation and analysis of emergy monetary value of wetland resources in Dongting Lake[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2008,26(6):37-40.(in Chinese))
[20]郭溪,吴泽宁,王慧亮.区域农业生产系统用水正负效益分析及能值评估[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(4):1-5.(GUO Xi,WU Zening,WANG Huiliang.Emergy evaluation of positive and negative effects of water utilization in regional agricultural production system[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(4):1-5.(in Chinese))