基于OpenGL的交互式三维树木建模与可视化研究
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摘要
通过讨论树体枝干几何建模的理论和方法,重点围绕树木交互式建模技术和三维可视化实现进行了研究探讨。实现过程主要分为3步:首先,对真实树木枝干的几何形态结构进行分析,利用分析结果构建枝干模型生成方法,用六边形棱柱近似模拟树干和枝段,再用六边形棱台作为枝段元经过连续偏转、连接的方法模拟枝干弯曲的形态。其次,基于枝干生成方法,利用分形迭代思想实现整株树体的建模。为提高仿真度,通过加入干扰因子使最终生成的树体枝干模型不过于规则。最后,为实现模型的可视化,选用OpenGL图形技术和Visual C++作为模型可视化工具和开发工具,通过对所建立的模型进行数学描述以及场景渲染和特征参数提取,建立一个支持交互的三维树木建模系统。
To discuss the theory and methodology of geometrical modeling for a tree and research on interactive modeling and 3D visualization technology, a three-step realization process was established. Results of model development were as follows: Firstly, the geometric structure of real branches was analyzed to construct a generation method for the branch model, and a hexagonal prism was proposed to represent the trunk or branch.The curved shape was realized by using segment elements through continuous deflection and connection. Secondly, based on the generation method for a branch, the whole tree was constructed by a fractal iterative method. To improve the degree of simulation, interference factors were added to make the final stem model not too regular. Finally, the OpenGL graphics technology and Visual C++ were chosen as visualization and development tools. Thus, the modeling system of 3D trees supporting interaction was constructed by a mathematical description of the tree model, a rendering of the scene and a extracting of the feature parameters.
To discuss the theory and methodology of geometrical modeling for a tree and research on interactive modeling and 3D visualization technology, a three-step realization process was established. Results of model development were as follows: Firstly, the geometric structure of real branches was analyzed to construct a generation method for the branch model, and a hexagonal prism was proposed to represent the trunk or branch.The curved shape was realized by using segment elements through continuous deflection and connection. Secondly, based on the generation method for a branch, the whole tree was constructed by a fractal iterative method. To improve the degree of simulation, interference factors were added to make the final stem model not too regular. Finally, the OpenGL graphics technology and Visual C++ were chosen as visualization and development tools. Thus, the modeling system of 3D trees supporting interaction was constructed by a mathematical description of the tree model, a rendering of the scene and a extracting of the feature parameters.
引文
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[3]谭云兰,贾金原,张晨,等. 3D树木建模技术研究进展[J].中国图象图形学报, 2013, 18(11):1520-1528.TAN Yunlan, JIA Jinyuan, ZHANG Chen, et al. Survey on virtual 3D tree modeling technologies[J]. J Image Graphics, 2013, 18(11):1520-1528.
[4]夏红梅,张欣景,胡训强.基于SpeedTree工具的三维真实感树木建模研究[J].舰船电子工程, 2015, 35(1):99-101.XIA Hongmei, ZHANG Xinjing, HU Xunqiang. Modeling of realistic 3D tree based on SpeedTree[J]. Ship Electron Eng, 2015, 35(1):99-101.
[5]王忠芝,胡逊之.基于Xfrog的树木建模及生长模拟[J].北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31(增刊2):64-68.WANG Zhongzhi, HU Xunzhi. Tree modeling and growth simulation based on Xfrog[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2009, 31(suppl 2):64-68.
[6]赵赛赛,汤孟平,唐思嘉,等.毛竹林分可视化研究[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2016, 33(5):826-833.ZHAO Saisai, TANG Mengping, TANG Sijia, et al. Visualization for a Phyllostachys edulis stands[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2016, 33(5):826-833.
[7]严家璇子.基于Maya的树木三维动画生成方法[D].西安:西安科技大学, 2012.YAN Jiaxuanzi. A Generation Method of 3D Trees Animation Based on Maya[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2012.
[8]白静,张怀清,刘闽.合轴分枝树木形态结构三维可视化模拟方法[J].林业科学, 2014, 50(12):73-78.BAI Jing, ZHANG Huaiqing, LIU Min. Three-dimensional visual simulation of sympodial branching trees morphological architecture[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2014, 50(12):73-78.
[9]鲁萍,侯筱婷.虚拟植物模型参数优化及仿真[J].计算机工程与科学, 2011, 33(7):132-135.LU Ping, HOU Xiaoting. Virtual plant model parameters optimization and simulation[J]. Comput Engi Sci, 2011, 33(7):132-135.
[10]曾兰玲,汪国昭.梅花树建模与梅花林景观模拟[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2009, 43(12):2191-2195.ZENG Lanling, WANG Guozhao. Plum blossom tree modeling and plum blossom forest landscape simulation[J]. J Zhejiang Univ Eng Sci, 2009, 43(12):2191-2195.
[11]丁欢,万旺根,余小清,等.基于几何参数的植物真实感模拟[J].计算机应用, 2009, 29(1):97-100.DING Huan, WAN Wanggen, YU Xiaoqing, et al. Realistic simulation of plant based on geometry parameter[J]. J Comput Appl, 2009, 29(1):97-100.
[12]叶景晴.树的三维模型自动化生成技术的研究[D].北京:北京工业大学, 2013.YE Jingqing. Research on the Automatic Generation Technology of 3D Tree Modeling[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Technology, 2013.
[13]朱山.基于OpenGL的实时阴影算法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2011.ZHU Shan. Research on Real Time Shadow Algorithm based on OpenGL[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2011.