唐宋时期的关羽崇拜与文人笔下的关羽形象
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摘要
唐宋时期是关羽形象形成的重要时期,作为忠勇、仁义的化身,关羽已经成为当时民间和文人的崇拜对象。对关羽的民间崇拜是在继承前代的基础上发展起来的,而文人主要则是通过各类作品表达对关羽的敬慕和个人家国情怀的抒发,文人作品中的关羽形象既是对前代关羽形象的继承亦是对当时关羽形象的重新整合与塑造。本文主要以唐宋时期的传世文史作品为研究对象,旨在对这一时期的关羽崇拜和关羽个人形象发展进行探究与考辨。
The Tang and Song Dynasties were an important period for the formation of Guan Yu's image. As the embodiment of loyalty and righteousness,Guan Yu has become the worship object of folk and scholars at that time. The folk worship of Guan Yu was developed on the basis of inheriting the previous generation,while the literati mainly expressed their admiration for Guan Yu and the expression of family feelings through various works. The Guan Yu image in the literary works is not only for the former Guan Yu. The inheritance of the image is also the reintegration and shaping of Guan Yu's image at that time. This thesis focuses on the works of handed down literature and history in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It aims to explore and examine Guan Yu's worship and the development of Guan Yu's personal image during this period.
The Tang and Song Dynasties were an important period for the formation of Guan Yu's image. As the embodiment of loyalty and righteousness,Guan Yu has become the worship object of folk and scholars at that time. The folk worship of Guan Yu was developed on the basis of inheriting the previous generation,while the literati mainly expressed their admiration for Guan Yu and the expression of family feelings through various works. The Guan Yu image in the literary works is not only for the former Guan Yu. The inheritance of the image is also the reintegration and shaping of Guan Yu's image at that time. This thesis focuses on the works of handed down literature and history in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It aims to explore and examine Guan Yu's worship and the development of Guan Yu's personal image during this period.
引文
[1]三国志·魏书·程昱传[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[2]张文达.中国军事人物辞典[K].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1988:163.
[3]陈寿.三国志·蜀书·关张马黄赵传第六[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[4]维基百科.关羽词条[EB/OL]. https://zh. wikipedia. org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD. 2018-06-30.
[5][6]陈寿.国志·蜀书·关张马黄赵传第六[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[7]陈寿.三国志·魏书·武帝纪[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[8]罗贯中.三国演义[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
[9]陈寿.三国志·蜀书·关张马黄赵传第六[M].北京:中华书局,1982.
[10]刘纬毅.山西历史地名词典[K].太原:山西古籍出版社,2004:97-98.
[11]郊区关王庙[N].阳泉日报,2012-10-19.
[12]郝经.陵川集[M].文渊阁四库全书本.台北:台湾商务印书馆,1983.
[13]维基百科.关羽词条[EB/OL]https://zh. wikipedia. org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD. 2018-06-30.
[14]朱一玄,刘毓枕.三国演义资料汇编[C].天津:百花文艺出版社,1983.
(1) 现存元明清时期出现的资料以关羽于东汉桓帝延熹三年( 160 年) 出生这一说法为多，参见田福生著《关羽传》( 中国文史出版社 2007 年出) 。
(2) 《江表传》引用陈寿所作《三国志》中，作者为西晋人虞溥，高平昌邑人。
(3) 陈寿( 233 ～ 297) 魏晋间史学家。字承祚，巴西安汉( 今四川南充北) 人。初仕蜀，蜀亡，入魏为佐著作郎及著作郎、治书侍御史等职。太康间，著《三国志》六十五篇，以纪传体例记魏、蜀、吴事，脉络分明，文笔精炼，世称“良史”。又编有《蜀相诸葛亮集》，撰《古国志》、《益部耆旧传》等。
(4) 注: 西晋陈寿撰。共六十五卷，为纪传体三国史，分魏、蜀、吴三志。无表志。原三书分立，后始合一。魏志前四卷称纪，君主称帝; 吴蜀两志有传无纪，称主不称帝。该书文笔精炼，脉络分明。但较为简略。南朝宋时裴松之为作注，博引群书，与本书并传不朽。
[2]张文达.中国军事人物辞典[K].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1988:163.
[3]陈寿.三国志·蜀书·关张马黄赵传第六[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[4]维基百科.关羽词条[EB/OL]. https://zh. wikipedia. org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD. 2018-06-30.
[5][6]陈寿.国志·蜀书·关张马黄赵传第六[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[7]陈寿.三国志·魏书·武帝纪[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[8]罗贯中.三国演义[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
[9]陈寿.三国志·蜀书·关张马黄赵传第六[M].北京:中华书局,1982.
[10]刘纬毅.山西历史地名词典[K].太原:山西古籍出版社,2004:97-98.
[11]郊区关王庙[N].阳泉日报,2012-10-19.
[12]郝经.陵川集[M].文渊阁四库全书本.台北:台湾商务印书馆,1983.
[13]维基百科.关羽词条[EB/OL]https://zh. wikipedia. org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD. 2018-06-30.
[14]朱一玄,刘毓枕.三国演义资料汇编[C].天津:百花文艺出版社,1983.
(1) 现存元明清时期出现的资料以关羽于东汉桓帝延熹三年( 160 年) 出生这一说法为多，参见田福生著《关羽传》( 中国文史出版社 2007 年出) 。
(2) 《江表传》引用陈寿所作《三国志》中，作者为西晋人虞溥，高平昌邑人。
(3) 陈寿( 233 ～ 297) 魏晋间史学家。字承祚，巴西安汉( 今四川南充北) 人。初仕蜀，蜀亡，入魏为佐著作郎及著作郎、治书侍御史等职。太康间，著《三国志》六十五篇，以纪传体例记魏、蜀、吴事，脉络分明，文笔精炼，世称“良史”。又编有《蜀相诸葛亮集》，撰《古国志》、《益部耆旧传》等。
(4) 注: 西晋陈寿撰。共六十五卷，为纪传体三国史，分魏、蜀、吴三志。无表志。原三书分立，后始合一。魏志前四卷称纪，君主称帝; 吴蜀两志有传无纪，称主不称帝。该书文笔精炼，脉络分明。但较为简略。南朝宋时裴松之为作注，博引群书，与本书并传不朽。