施氮量对烤烟常规化学成分含量及主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量的影响
|
摘要
以烤烟豫烟12号为材料,通过田间试验研究不同施氮量对烤烟化学成分和主流烟气中7种有害成分的影响。结果表明,施氮量不同不仅影响烟叶常规化学成分的含量,而且对主流烟气中有害成分的释放量产生了影响;随施氮量增加,烟叶中蛋白质、烟碱和总氮的含量增加,总糖和还原糖含量减少,钾和氯含量影响不明显;主流烟气中7种有害成分随施氮量的增加变化趋势不同,随施氮量增加,巴豆醛的释放量减少,氨和NNK的释放量增加;施氮量在55 kg/hm~2时,烟叶常规化学成分协调,主流烟气中7种有害成分的危害性指数最低,烟草质量安全性较高。
Field experiments with tobacco cultivar Yuyan No.12 were carried out to study effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on chemical components and 7 harmful components delivery in mainstream smoke. Results showed that different nitrogen fertilizer rates affected content of routine chemical compositions, and had influence on delivery of harmful components in mainstream smoke. Contents of protein, nicotine and total nitrogen increased, while total sugar and reducing sugar decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate, while its effect on effect on potassium and chlorine content were not obvious. Nitrogen fertilizer rate had different effects on 7 harmful components in mainstream smoke. Crotonaldehyde decreased while ammonia and N-nitrosamines increased along with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate. When treated with 55 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer, conventional chemical composition was coordinate, hazardous index of seven harmful components in mainstream smoke was lowest.
Field experiments with tobacco cultivar Yuyan No.12 were carried out to study effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on chemical components and 7 harmful components delivery in mainstream smoke. Results showed that different nitrogen fertilizer rates affected content of routine chemical compositions, and had influence on delivery of harmful components in mainstream smoke. Contents of protein, nicotine and total nitrogen increased, while total sugar and reducing sugar decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate, while its effect on effect on potassium and chlorine content were not obvious. Nitrogen fertilizer rate had different effects on 7 harmful components in mainstream smoke. Crotonaldehyde decreased while ammonia and N-nitrosamines increased along with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate. When treated with 55 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer, conventional chemical composition was coordinate, hazardous index of seven harmful components in mainstream smoke was lowest.
引文
[1]刘立全,周雅宁,龚安达.烟草工业减害研究进展[J].烟草科技.2011,(2):25-34.LIU Liquan,ZHOU Yaning,GONG Anda.Advance in Product Harm Reduction in Tobacco Industry:a Review[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2011,(2):25-34.
[2]谭兰兰,汪长国,冯广林,等.不同材料组合对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,(3):33-38.TAN Lanlan,WANG Changguo,FENG Guanglin,et al.Effects of Material Combination on Benzo[a]pyrene Delivery in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,(3):33-38.
[3]谢卫,黄朝章,苏明亮,等.辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量及其危害性指数的影响[J].烟草科技,2013,(1):31-38.XIE Wei,HUANG Chaozhang,SU Mingliang,et al.Relationships Between Design Parameters of Material and Deliveries of 7 Harmful Components and Hazard Index of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(1):31-38.
[4]赵云川,廖晓祥,陈冉,等.微波膨胀梗丝对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量及危害性指数的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,48(11):53-58.ZHAO Yunchuan,LIAO Xiaoxiang,CHEN Ran,et al.Influences of Microwave Expanded Cut Stems on Deliveries of Seven Harmful Components in Mainstream Smoke and Hazard Index of Cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(11):53-58.
[5]刘建福,金勇,李克,等.接装纸对卷烟烟气焦油及7种有害成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2013,(8):67-70.LIU Jianfu,JIN Yong,LI Ke,et al.Influences of Tipping Paper on Tar and 7 Harmful Components in Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(8):67-70.
[6]汪长国,戴亚,杨文敏,等.卟啉对卷烟主流烟气中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的截留作用[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(12):1093-1094.WANG Changguo,DAI Ya,YANG Wenmin,et al.Analysis on Removal of Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Using Porphyrin[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010,27(12):1093-1094.
[7]杜咏梅,王允白,肖协忠,等.抽吸条件对卷烟主流烟气苯并[a]芘释放量影响的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2007,13(2):12-16.DU Yongmei,WANG Yunbai,XIAO Xiezhong,et al.Effect of alterative puffing regime on Benzo[a]pyrene delivery in mainstream smoke[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2007,13(2):12-16.
[8]谢金栋,黄朝章,吴清辉,等.卷烟叶组配方对主流烟气氨的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(24):256-260.XIE Jindong,HUAUNG Chaozhang,WU Qinghui,et al.Effects of Cigarette Blend on Ammonia of Mainstream Smoke[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(24):256-260.
[9]谢国勇,李斌,颜水明,等.卷烟纸特性对卷烟烟气7种有害成分的影响[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2013,36(5):51-58.XIE Guoyong,LI Bin,YAN Shuiming,et al.Effects of Cigarette Paper on Deliveries of Seven Harmful Components in Mainstream of Cigarette Smoke[J].Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University,2013,36(5):51-58.
[10]彭斌,李旭华,赵乐,等.“三丝”掺兑量对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2011,(11):40-43.PENG Bin,LI Xuhua,ZHAO Le,et al.Effects of Expanded Cut Stem,Expanded Cut Tobacco and Reconstituted Tobacco Inclusion on Deliveries of Harmful Components in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2011,(11):40-43.
[11]郭东锋,姚忠达,汪季涛,等.烤烟烟叶常规化学成分与主流烟气成分的关系[J].烟草科技,2013,(2):46-51,82.GUO Dongfeng,YAO Zhongda,WANG Jitao,et al.Relationships Between Routine Chemical Components in Flue-cured Tobacco and Components in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(2):46-51,82.
[12]吴清辉.烟叶主流烟气中苯酚释放量与常规化学成分的相关性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(3):1246-1247,1256.WU Qinghui.Correlation Analysis on Phenolin Mainstream Smoke of Cigarette and Conventional Chemical Constituents in Tobacco Leaves[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(3):1246-1247,1256.
[13]查宏波,石磊,卯志勇,等.株行距、施氮量及打顶留叶长度对云烟97农艺性状和化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2012,(12):39-43.ZHA Hongbo,SHI Lei,MAO Zhiyong,et al.Effects of Spacing,Nitrogen Application Rate and Tip Leaf Length After Topping on Agronomic Characters and Chemical Composition of Yunyan 97[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2012,(12):39-43.
[14]马兴华,石屹,张忠锋,等.施氮量与基追比例对烟叶品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,(4):34-39.MA Xinghua,SHI Yi,ZHANG Zhongfeng,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Ratio of Base and Topdressing on Flue-cured Tobacco Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2015,(4):34-39.
[15]魏心元,熊晶,张崇玉,等.不同施氮量对烤烟红花大金元品质和经济效益的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(4):69-71.WEI Xinyuan,XIONG Jing,ZHANG Chongyu,et al.Effects of Different Nitrogen Amount on Quality and Economic Benefit of Honghuadajinyuan a Tobacco Variety[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(4):69-71.
[16]毛家伟,徐敏,张翔,等.施氮量品种与密度互作对豫西烟叶产量和质量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,(5):127-131.MAO Jiawei,Xu Min,ZHANG Xiang,et al.Interaction of variety,nitrogen rate and planting density on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in western Henan[J].Agricultural Research In The Arid Areas,2014,(5):127-131.
[17]GB/T 23356-2009,卷烟.烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定.非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356-2009,Cigarettes-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIRmethod[S].
[18]YC/T 253-2008,卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的测定.连续流动法[S].YC/T 253-2008,Cigarettes-Determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke.Continuous flow method[S].
[19]YQ/T 17-2012卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的测定高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法[S].YQ/T 17-2012,Cigarettes-Determination of tobacco specific N-Nitrosamines in total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke-LC-MS/MS method[S].
[20]GB/T 21130-2007,卷烟.烟气总粒相物中苯并[a]芘的测定[S].GB/T 21130-2007,Cigarettes-Determination of Benzo[α]pyrene in total particulate matter[S].
[21]YC/T 255-2008,卷烟.主流烟气中主要酚类化合物的测定.高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 255-2008,Cigarettes-Determination of major phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke-High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[22]YC/T 254-2008,卷烟.主流烟气中主要羰基化合物的测定.高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 254-2008,Cigarettes-Determination of major carbon ylsinmains tream cigarette smoke-High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[23]YC/T 377-2010,卷烟.主流烟气中氨的测定.离子色谱法[S].YC/T 377-2010,Cigarettes-Determination of ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke.Ion chromatography method[S].
[24]谢剑平,刘惠民,朱茂祥,等.卷烟烟气危害指数研究[J].烟草科技,2009,(2):5-15.XIE Jianping,LIU Huimin,ZHU Mao xiang,et al.Development of a novel hazard index of mainstream cigarette smoke and its application on risk evaluation of cigarette products[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009,(2):5-15.
[25]崔保伟,陆引罡,张振中,等.不同施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学品质的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(5):377-381.CUI Baowei,LU Yin Gang,ZHANG Zhenzhong,et al.Effect of nitrogen rates on the physiology characteristic and the chemistry quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].JOURNAL OF MOUNTAINAG RICULTUREAN DBIOLOGY,2008,27(5):377-381.
[26]黄朝章,蔡国华,赵艺强,等.单料烟主流烟气HCN与烟叶常规化学成分的相关性[J].烟草科技,2013,(2):62-64.HUANG Chaozhang,CAI Guohua,ZHAO Yiqiang,et al.Correlation Between Hydrogen Cyanide in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke and Routine Chemical Components in Tobacco Leaves[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(2):62-64.
[2]谭兰兰,汪长国,冯广林,等.不同材料组合对卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,(3):33-38.TAN Lanlan,WANG Changguo,FENG Guanglin,et al.Effects of Material Combination on Benzo[a]pyrene Delivery in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,(3):33-38.
[3]谢卫,黄朝章,苏明亮,等.辅助材料设计参数对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量及其危害性指数的影响[J].烟草科技,2013,(1):31-38.XIE Wei,HUANG Chaozhang,SU Mingliang,et al.Relationships Between Design Parameters of Material and Deliveries of 7 Harmful Components and Hazard Index of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(1):31-38.
[4]赵云川,廖晓祥,陈冉,等.微波膨胀梗丝对卷烟7种烟气有害成分释放量及危害性指数的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,48(11):53-58.ZHAO Yunchuan,LIAO Xiaoxiang,CHEN Ran,et al.Influences of Microwave Expanded Cut Stems on Deliveries of Seven Harmful Components in Mainstream Smoke and Hazard Index of Cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(11):53-58.
[5]刘建福,金勇,李克,等.接装纸对卷烟烟气焦油及7种有害成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2013,(8):67-70.LIU Jianfu,JIN Yong,LI Ke,et al.Influences of Tipping Paper on Tar and 7 Harmful Components in Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(8):67-70.
[6]汪长国,戴亚,杨文敏,等.卟啉对卷烟主流烟气中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的截留作用[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(12):1093-1094.WANG Changguo,DAI Ya,YANG Wenmin,et al.Analysis on Removal of Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Using Porphyrin[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010,27(12):1093-1094.
[7]杜咏梅,王允白,肖协忠,等.抽吸条件对卷烟主流烟气苯并[a]芘释放量影响的研究[J].中国烟草学报,2007,13(2):12-16.DU Yongmei,WANG Yunbai,XIAO Xiezhong,et al.Effect of alterative puffing regime on Benzo[a]pyrene delivery in mainstream smoke[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2007,13(2):12-16.
[8]谢金栋,黄朝章,吴清辉,等.卷烟叶组配方对主流烟气氨的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(24):256-260.XIE Jindong,HUAUNG Chaozhang,WU Qinghui,et al.Effects of Cigarette Blend on Ammonia of Mainstream Smoke[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(24):256-260.
[9]谢国勇,李斌,颜水明,等.卷烟纸特性对卷烟烟气7种有害成分的影响[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2013,36(5):51-58.XIE Guoyong,LI Bin,YAN Shuiming,et al.Effects of Cigarette Paper on Deliveries of Seven Harmful Components in Mainstream of Cigarette Smoke[J].Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University,2013,36(5):51-58.
[10]彭斌,李旭华,赵乐,等.“三丝”掺兑量对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2011,(11):40-43.PENG Bin,LI Xuhua,ZHAO Le,et al.Effects of Expanded Cut Stem,Expanded Cut Tobacco and Reconstituted Tobacco Inclusion on Deliveries of Harmful Components in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2011,(11):40-43.
[11]郭东锋,姚忠达,汪季涛,等.烤烟烟叶常规化学成分与主流烟气成分的关系[J].烟草科技,2013,(2):46-51,82.GUO Dongfeng,YAO Zhongda,WANG Jitao,et al.Relationships Between Routine Chemical Components in Flue-cured Tobacco and Components in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(2):46-51,82.
[12]吴清辉.烟叶主流烟气中苯酚释放量与常规化学成分的相关性分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(3):1246-1247,1256.WU Qinghui.Correlation Analysis on Phenolin Mainstream Smoke of Cigarette and Conventional Chemical Constituents in Tobacco Leaves[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(3):1246-1247,1256.
[13]查宏波,石磊,卯志勇,等.株行距、施氮量及打顶留叶长度对云烟97农艺性状和化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2012,(12):39-43.ZHA Hongbo,SHI Lei,MAO Zhiyong,et al.Effects of Spacing,Nitrogen Application Rate and Tip Leaf Length After Topping on Agronomic Characters and Chemical Composition of Yunyan 97[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2012,(12):39-43.
[14]马兴华,石屹,张忠锋,等.施氮量与基追比例对烟叶品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,(4):34-39.MA Xinghua,SHI Yi,ZHANG Zhongfeng,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Ratio of Base and Topdressing on Flue-cured Tobacco Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2015,(4):34-39.
[15]魏心元,熊晶,张崇玉,等.不同施氮量对烤烟红花大金元品质和经济效益的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(4):69-71.WEI Xinyuan,XIONG Jing,ZHANG Chongyu,et al.Effects of Different Nitrogen Amount on Quality and Economic Benefit of Honghuadajinyuan a Tobacco Variety[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(4):69-71.
[16]毛家伟,徐敏,张翔,等.施氮量品种与密度互作对豫西烟叶产量和质量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,(5):127-131.MAO Jiawei,Xu Min,ZHANG Xiang,et al.Interaction of variety,nitrogen rate and planting density on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in western Henan[J].Agricultural Research In The Arid Areas,2014,(5):127-131.
[17]GB/T 23356-2009,卷烟.烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定.非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356-2009,Cigarettes-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIRmethod[S].
[18]YC/T 253-2008,卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的测定.连续流动法[S].YC/T 253-2008,Cigarettes-Determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke.Continuous flow method[S].
[19]YQ/T 17-2012卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的测定高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法[S].YQ/T 17-2012,Cigarettes-Determination of tobacco specific N-Nitrosamines in total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke-LC-MS/MS method[S].
[20]GB/T 21130-2007,卷烟.烟气总粒相物中苯并[a]芘的测定[S].GB/T 21130-2007,Cigarettes-Determination of Benzo[α]pyrene in total particulate matter[S].
[21]YC/T 255-2008,卷烟.主流烟气中主要酚类化合物的测定.高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 255-2008,Cigarettes-Determination of major phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke-High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[22]YC/T 254-2008,卷烟.主流烟气中主要羰基化合物的测定.高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 254-2008,Cigarettes-Determination of major carbon ylsinmains tream cigarette smoke-High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[23]YC/T 377-2010,卷烟.主流烟气中氨的测定.离子色谱法[S].YC/T 377-2010,Cigarettes-Determination of ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke.Ion chromatography method[S].
[24]谢剑平,刘惠民,朱茂祥,等.卷烟烟气危害指数研究[J].烟草科技,2009,(2):5-15.XIE Jianping,LIU Huimin,ZHU Mao xiang,et al.Development of a novel hazard index of mainstream cigarette smoke and its application on risk evaluation of cigarette products[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009,(2):5-15.
[25]崔保伟,陆引罡,张振中,等.不同施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学品质的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(5):377-381.CUI Baowei,LU Yin Gang,ZHANG Zhenzhong,et al.Effect of nitrogen rates on the physiology characteristic and the chemistry quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].JOURNAL OF MOUNTAINAG RICULTUREAN DBIOLOGY,2008,27(5):377-381.
[26]黄朝章,蔡国华,赵艺强,等.单料烟主流烟气HCN与烟叶常规化学成分的相关性[J].烟草科技,2013,(2):62-64.HUANG Chaozhang,CAI Guohua,ZHAO Yiqiang,et al.Correlation Between Hydrogen Cyanide in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke and Routine Chemical Components in Tobacco Leaves[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,(2):62-64.