汽车余热驱动的回质型吸附空调系统的理论研究
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摘要
针对传统蒸汽压缩式汽车空调的不足,分析比较了几种常见余热制冷技术在汽车节能领域中的应用,其中固体吸附式制冷空调被认为较有优势.设计了一种新型汽车余热驱动的回质型固体吸附空调系统,分别利用热管式换热器回收高温尾气余热和相变蓄热换热装置贮存发动机循环冷却水余热驱动回质型吸附制冷空调系统运转,有效提高了燃料利用率和发动机性能,改善了车内热舒适性.经计算,与传统压缩式空调相比,采用本系统后汽车百千米省油0.76 L,节能减排效果明显,经济效益显著.
The applications of several common waste heat-driven refrigeration technologies in the field of energy-saving for automobiles are analyzed and compared. It is concluded that solid adsorption refrigeration technology has advantages over other proposed cooling technologies. A novel solid adsorption automobile air-conditioning system with mass recovery is designed. It is driven by the waste heat of exhaust gas recovered by heat pipe and the waste heat of engine coolant stored by phase change materials,which can increase fuel efficiency,improve engine performance significantly,and ensure thermal comfort inside the vehicle. The calculated results indicate that compared with conventional vapor compression air-conditioning,utilization of this system will save 0.76 liters gasoline per one hundred kilometer for a vehicle. Thus,obvious energy-saving effects and significant economic benefits can be obtained.
The applications of several common waste heat-driven refrigeration technologies in the field of energy-saving for automobiles are analyzed and compared. It is concluded that solid adsorption refrigeration technology has advantages over other proposed cooling technologies. A novel solid adsorption automobile air-conditioning system with mass recovery is designed. It is driven by the waste heat of exhaust gas recovered by heat pipe and the waste heat of engine coolant stored by phase change materials,which can increase fuel efficiency,improve engine performance significantly,and ensure thermal comfort inside the vehicle. The calculated results indicate that compared with conventional vapor compression air-conditioning,utilization of this system will save 0.76 liters gasoline per one hundred kilometer for a vehicle. Thus,obvious energy-saving effects and significant economic benefits can be obtained.
引文
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[3]钟吉湘.余热与太阳能驱动汽车空调系统[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(8):138.ZHONG J X.Air-conditioning system driven by waste heat and solar energy[J].Journal of central south university of forestry&technology,2010,30(8):138(.in Chinese)
[4]韩玉敏.排放控制系统[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.HAN Y M.Emission control system[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005(.in Chinese)
[5]周东一,石楚平.利用汽车发动机余热的溴化锂吸收式制冷研究[J].节能,2008(6):23-26.ZHOU D Y,SHI C P.Research on Li Br absorption refrigeration system using automotive exhausted hea[tJ].Energy conservation,2008(6):23-26(.in Chinese)
[6]张秀丽.利用汽车冷却废热驱动的喷射式空调器及其制冷工质的研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.ZHANG X L.Resrarch on the jet-type refrigeration system and the refrigeration working substance taking the automobilecooling waste heat as the actuation[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2008(.in Chinese)
[7]MEUNIER F.Adsorption heat pump technology:possibilities and limits[C]//Proc Int Sorption Heat Pump Conf.Munich,1999:25-35.
[8]马刚,李戬洪,固体吸附式制冷技术在汽车空调中应用的可行性及前景分析[J].制冷,2004,23(1):23-26.MA G,LI J H.The application of solid adsorption refrigeration in automobile air-conditioning[J].Refrigeration,2004,23(1):23-26(.in Chinese)
[9]SUZUKI M.Application of adsorption cooling systems to automobiles[J].Heat recovery systems&CHP,1993,13(4):335-340.
[10]OLIVEIRA R G,SILVEIRA V Jr,WANG R Z.Experimental study of mass recovery adsorption cycles for ice making at lowgeneration temperature[J].Appl Therm Eng,2006,26:303-311.
[11]ZHONG Y,CRITOPH R E,THORPE R N,et al.Isothermal sorption characteristics of the Ba Cl2-NH3 pair in a vermiculitehost matrix[J].Appl Therm Eng,2007,27:2 455-2 462.
[12]AIDOUN Z,TERNAN M.Salt impregnated carbon fibres as the reactive medium in a chemical heat pump:the NH3-Co Cl2system[J].Appl Therm Eng,2002,22:1 163-1 173.
[13]YANG G Z,XIA Z Z,WANG R Z,et al.Research on a compact adsorption room air conditioner[J].Encyclopedia of energy,2006,47:2 167-2 177.
[14]PONS M,POYELLE F.Adsorptive machines with advanced cycles for heat pumping or cooling application[J].Internationaljournal of refrigeration,1999,22(1):27-77.
[15]SUN L M,FENG Y,PONS M.Numerical investigation of adsorption heat pump system with thermal wave heat regenerationunder uniform-pressure conditions[J].Heat mass transfer,1997,40(2):281-293.
[16]BEN A N,SUN L M,MEUNIER F.Numerical analysis of adsorptive temperature wave regenerative heat pump[J].ApplTherm Eng,1996,16(5):405-418.
[17]AKAHIRA A,ALAM K C A,HAMAMOTO Y,et al.Experimental investigation of mass recovery adsorption refrigerationcycle[J].International journal of refrigeration,2005,20(3):225-234.
[18]QU T F,et al.Study on heat and mass recovery in adsorption refrigeration cycles[J].Appl Therm Eng,2001,21(4):439-452.
[19]SZARZYNSKI S,FENG Y,PONS M.Study of different internal vapor transports for adsorption cycles with heat regeneration[J].International journal of refrigeration,1997,20(6):390-401.
[20]JONES B J,LAMBERT M A.Automotive adsorption heat pump:WO2006135871 A2[P].2006-12-21.
[21]王如竹,吴静怡,代彦军,等.吸附式制冷[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.WANG R Z,WU J Y,DAI Y J.Adsorption refrigeration[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2002(.in Chinese)
[22]CRITOPH R E.Performance limitations of adsorption cycles for solar cooling[J].Solar Energy,1988,41(1):21-31.
[23]TAMAINOT-TELTO Z,CRITOPH R E.Adsorption refrigerator using monolithic carbon-ammonia pai[rJ].International journalof refrigeration,1997,20(2):146-155.