水田建设对不同类型土壤养分和碳固持的影响
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摘要
为评估土地利用方式的改变对不同类型土壤养分及固碳的影响,以大西安河岸周边3种典型土壤类型土、新积土、黄绵土为研究对象,分析了水田建设对不同类型土壤的养分含量和碳固持的影响。结果表明:改水田后,3种土壤类型的颗粒组成变化不大;在0~60 cm土层,与改水田前相比,新积土、黄绵土有效磷含量分别显著减少41.2%、46.5%,速效钾含量分别显著减少22.8%、16.9%;土有效磷、速效钾含量分别显著增加70.3%、32.4%;新积土、土、黄绵土全氮、总有机碳含量分别显著减少17.1%~32.9%、16.1%~39.3%;新积土、黄绵土总碳含量分别显著减少7.6%、28.6%,土显著增加13.9%,即改水田后土的碳固持能力得到提升。综上,在土上进行旱地或未利用地改水田更有利于土壤养分及固碳能力的提高。
In order to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil nutrient and carbon sequestration,three typical soil types of lou soil,alluvial soil and loessial soil surrounding the Great Xi'an River were studied to analyze the effects of paddy field construction on the nutrient contents and carbon retention of different soil types. The results showed that the grain compositions of the three soils did not change much after the paddy field was constructed. In the 0—60 cm soil layer,compared with before paddy field,the contents of available phosphorus in the alluvial soil and the loessial soil decreased significantly by 41. 2%and 46. 5%,available potassium contents decreased by 22. 8% and 16. 9%,respectively; available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the lou soil increased significantly by 70. 3% and 32. 4%,respectively; the contents of total nitrogen and total organic carbon in the three soils decreased by17. 1% —32. 9% and 16. 1% —39. 3% respectively,and total carbon contents of the alluvial soil and the loessial soil decreased significantly by 7. 6% and 28. 6%,while that of the lou soil increased by 13. 9%,which indicated that the carbon retention capacity of the lou soil was improved after the construction of paddy field. In conclusion,either dry land or unutilized land for paddy field construction on the lou soil was more conducive to the improvement of soil nutrient and carbon sequestration.
In order to evaluate the effect of land use change on soil nutrient and carbon sequestration,three typical soil types of lou soil,alluvial soil and loessial soil surrounding the Great Xi'an River were studied to analyze the effects of paddy field construction on the nutrient contents and carbon retention of different soil types. The results showed that the grain compositions of the three soils did not change much after the paddy field was constructed. In the 0—60 cm soil layer,compared with before paddy field,the contents of available phosphorus in the alluvial soil and the loessial soil decreased significantly by 41. 2%and 46. 5%,available potassium contents decreased by 22. 8% and 16. 9%,respectively; available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the lou soil increased significantly by 70. 3% and 32. 4%,respectively; the contents of total nitrogen and total organic carbon in the three soils decreased by17. 1% —32. 9% and 16. 1% —39. 3% respectively,and total carbon contents of the alluvial soil and the loessial soil decreased significantly by 7. 6% and 28. 6%,while that of the lou soil increased by 13. 9%,which indicated that the carbon retention capacity of the lou soil was improved after the construction of paddy field. In conclusion,either dry land or unutilized land for paddy field construction on the lou soil was more conducive to the improvement of soil nutrient and carbon sequestration.
引文
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[19]侯红乾,刘光荣,冀建华,等.南方红壤区稻田土壤养分动态变化及与产量关系分析[J].华北农学报,2013,28(3):109-115.
[20]赵荣钦,刘英,丁明磊,等.河南省农田生态系统碳源/汇研究[J].河南农业科学,2010(7):40-44.
[2]王洪杰,李宪文,史学正,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布及其与土壤颗粒组成关系[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):44-50.
[3]Deng L,Wang K B,Chen M L,et al.Soil organic carbon storage capacity positively related to forest succession on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2013,110(11):1-7.
[4]孙庚寅.江苏淮北旱改水地区高产稳产农田土壤肥力特性的初步研究[J].江苏农业科学,1993,21(6):40-42.
[5]樊庆锌,孟婷婷.江川农场旱田改水田对水环境的影响研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(5):70-72.
[6]Leiros M C,Trasar-Cepeda C,Seoane S,et al.Dependence of mineralization of soil organic matter on temperature and moisture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31(3):327-335.
[7]Bird J A,Kessel C V,Horwath W R.Stabilization of13Ccarbon and immobilization of15N-nitrogen from rice straw in humicfractions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(3):806-816.
[8]任明英,钱晓华,童有林.砂姜黑土旱改水肥力变化的研究[J].安徽农业科学,1998,26(3):242-243,249.
[9]王英,李伟群,邹秋菊,等.松嫩平原低平易涝地旱改水种稻治涝防止土壤次生盐渍化技术的研究[J].土壤,2006,38(1):99-10l.
[10]闫加力,李懋,熊双莲,等.旱改水对水稻幼苗生长的影响及秸秆的改良作用[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(5):554-562.
[11]邓振镛,王强,张强,等.中国北方气候暖干化对粮食作物的影响及应对措施[J].生态学报,2010,30(22):6278-6288.
[12]周浩,雷国平,杨雪昕.三江平原典型流域土地利用格局变化与空间分异研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):142-151.
[13]向长玉,周东兴,宋戈,等.黑龙江省通河县旱地改水田许可转换度研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):226-230.
[14]周浩,雷国平,张博,等.1990—2013年挠力河流域耕地变化下水土资源平衡效应分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):272-280.
[15]孙中林,吴金水,葛体达,等.土壤质地和水分对水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):214-220.
[16]杨东伟,章明奎.水田改果园后土壤性质的变化及其特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(11):3825-3835.
[17]郭月峰,祁伟,姚云峰,等.土地利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤养分的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,40(11):166-169.
[18]胡明,韩晨,杨秀英,等.潼关县土壤养分含量及分布特征[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(1):61-64.
[19]侯红乾,刘光荣,冀建华,等.南方红壤区稻田土壤养分动态变化及与产量关系分析[J].华北农学报,2013,28(3):109-115.
[20]赵荣钦,刘英,丁明磊,等.河南省农田生态系统碳源/汇研究[J].河南农业科学,2010(7):40-44.