连续种植不同绿肥的土壤团聚体碳分布及其固持特征
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摘要
为探讨连续种植绿肥对土壤团聚体碳的影响,以箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)、肥田萝卜(Raphanussativus L.)、蓝花苕子(Viciacracca L.)、毛叶苕子(Viciavillosa Roth)、光叶苕子(Viciavillosa var.)为研究对象,分析连续种植不同绿肥条件下的土壤团聚体碳含量、分布、富集及固持特征。结果表明:清耕条件下的土壤有机碳含量在空间分布上变化较小,种植的绿肥作物不同使得土壤有机碳含量、土壤团聚体有机碳含量在空间分布上产生变化,在0～20 cm土层中,光叶苕子提升效果较为明显,而在20～40 cm土层中肥田萝卜提升效果较为明显,其中,两者对5～0.25 mm粒径的土壤团聚体碳含量提升最为显著。土壤团聚体碳含量随着粒径减小而呈现下降的趋势,各粒径土壤有机碳的富集系数在1.23与0.88之间,且随着粒径的减小呈现下降的趋势,在>1 mm粒径中,几乎所有处理富集系数均大于1,处于积累状态,>0.25 mm粒径的团聚体碳贡献率占了80%以上,其中>5 mm粒径的碳贡献率最大,且在不同绿肥之间差异较大,0.5～0.25 mm粒径的碳贡献率最小。连续种植绿肥,土壤总有机碳的积累随着各粒径土壤团聚体有机碳含量的增加而增加,总有机碳与5～0.5 mm粒径的团聚体碳含量显著相关,且5～1 mm粒级土壤团聚体的增加对土壤总有机碳积累的影响较为突出,连续种植绿肥促进了有机碳在大团聚体中的固持。
In order to investigate the effect of long-term green manure cultivation on the composition,distribution and sequestration of the organic carbon in soil aggregates,six treatments are chosen for this research,namely,Clean tillage,Vicia sativa L.,Raphanussativus L.,Viciacracca L.,Viciavillosa Roth,and Viciavillosa var.The result shows that the composition of organic carbon varies little in spatial distribution under clean tillage,however,compositions of both the organic carbon and aggregate organic carbon are changed under green manure cultivation.At 0 ～ 20 cm soil depth,Viciavillosa var.has significant increased,so does Raphanussativus L.at 20 ～ 40 cm soil depth and in particular,the content of aggregate organic carbon of 5 ～ 0.25 mm in both of them increased most significantly.The composition of aggregate organic carbon decreases with decreasing grade in all of the six green manures cultivation.The enrichment coefficient of aggregate organic carbon is between 1.23 and 0.88 and it decreases with decreasing grade.The treatments of EC of >1 mm are almost bigger than 1 and it means they are in the accumulation phase.The contributing rates of aggregate organic carbon of >0.25 mm is more than 80%,of which,the rate of >5 mm is the biggest one and the difference of it is great between different green manure.The contributing rate of aggregate organic carbon of 0.5 ～ 0.25 mm is the smallest of all.The soil organic carbon content increases with increasing aggregate organic carbon content.The soil organic carbon content has significantly positive relation with aggregate organic carbon of 5 ～ 0.5 mm under long-term green manure cultivation.And the increase of aggregate organic carbon of 5 ～ 1 mm has a great influence on the accumulation of soil organic carbon content so planting green manure promotes the sequestration of aggregate organic carbon in macro-aggregates.
In order to investigate the effect of long-term green manure cultivation on the composition,distribution and sequestration of the organic carbon in soil aggregates,six treatments are chosen for this research,namely,Clean tillage,Vicia sativa L.,Raphanussativus L.,Viciacracca L.,Viciavillosa Roth,and Viciavillosa var.The result shows that the composition of organic carbon varies little in spatial distribution under clean tillage,however,compositions of both the organic carbon and aggregate organic carbon are changed under green manure cultivation.At 0 ～ 20 cm soil depth,Viciavillosa var.has significant increased,so does Raphanussativus L.at 20 ～ 40 cm soil depth and in particular,the content of aggregate organic carbon of 5 ～ 0.25 mm in both of them increased most significantly.The composition of aggregate organic carbon decreases with decreasing grade in all of the six green manures cultivation.The enrichment coefficient of aggregate organic carbon is between 1.23 and 0.88 and it decreases with decreasing grade.The treatments of EC of >1 mm are almost bigger than 1 and it means they are in the accumulation phase.The contributing rates of aggregate organic carbon of >0.25 mm is more than 80%,of which,the rate of >5 mm is the biggest one and the difference of it is great between different green manure.The contributing rate of aggregate organic carbon of 0.5 ～ 0.25 mm is the smallest of all.The soil organic carbon content increases with increasing aggregate organic carbon content.The soil organic carbon content has significantly positive relation with aggregate organic carbon of 5 ～ 0.5 mm under long-term green manure cultivation.And the increase of aggregate organic carbon of 5 ～ 1 mm has a great influence on the accumulation of soil organic carbon content so planting green manure promotes the sequestration of aggregate organic carbon in macro-aggregates.
引文
[1]张国盛,黄高宝,Yin C.农田土壤有机碳固定潜力研究进展[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):351-357.
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[7]董莉丽,陈益娥,李晓华.吴起县退耕还林对土壤团聚体水稳性和养分含量的影响[J].林业科学,2014,50(5):140-146.
[8]董莉丽.渭北旱塬植被恢复对土壤有机质和水稳性团聚体含量的影响[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):709-714.
[9]俞月凤,卢凌霄,杜虎,等.不同类型森林石灰土的团聚体组成及其有机碳分布特征[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(5):1011-1019.
[10]李娟,廖洪凯,龙健,等.喀斯特山区土地利用对土壤团聚体有机碳和活性有机碳特征的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2147-2156.
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[12]常新刚,黄国勤,熊云明,等.双季稻与黑麦草水旱轮作的产量和土壤理化性状分析[J].耕作与栽培,2005,4:16-17.
[13]方勇,章红兵.南方红壤区种植黑麦草的效应研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):69-71.
[14]姜培坤,徐秋芳,周国模,等.种植绿肥对板栗林土壤养分和生物学性质的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):120-123.
[15]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.65-74.
[16]王丽宏,曾昭海,杨光立,等.六种稻田土壤冬季种植黑麦草功能效应研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(12):1972-1976.
[17]张赛,王龙昌.保护性耕作对土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):263-267,272.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[19]谢宏图.东北黑土有机碳、全氮空间分布及特性研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2005.
[20]Rilling M C,Wright S F,Eviner V T.The role of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation:comparing effects of five plant species[J].Plant and Soil,2002,238:325-333.
[21]Chan K Y,Heenan D P.Microbial-induced soil aggregates stability under different crop rotations[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,30:29-32.
[22]Peng S,Guo T,Liu G C.The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal netmorks on soil in southwest China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:411-417.
[23]宋日,刘利,马丽艳,等.作物根系分泌物对土壤团聚体大小及其稳定性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(7):84-86.
[24]鲁鸿佩,孙爱华.草田轮作对粮食作物的增产效应[J].草业科学,2003,20(4):10-13.
[25]Yang X M,Kay B D.Rotation and tillage effects on soil organic carbon sequestration in a typic hapludalf in Southern Ontario[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2001,59:107-114.
[26]王晓凌,李凤民.作物轮作系统土壤微生物量与土壤轻组碳氮研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):132-135.
[27]方华军,杨学明,张晓平,等.东北黑土区坡耕地表层土壤颗粒有机碳和团聚体结合碳的空间分布[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):2847-2854.
[28]Six J,Elliott E T,Paustian K.Soil macroaggregate turn-over and microaggregate formation:A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32:2099-2103.
[29]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216.
[30]乔丹丹,吴名宇,张倩,等.秸秆还田与生物炭施用对黄褐土团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(3):92-99.
[31]王英俊.生草对渭北苹果园土壤团聚体及其有机C、N的影响[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[32]刘恩科,赵秉强,梅旭荣,等.不同施肥处理对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(4):1035-1041.
[33]张赛,王龙昌,杜娟,等.西南“旱三熟”区不同作物和秸秆覆盖对土壤团聚体及固碳潜力的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):98-107.
[2]李景,吴会军,武雪萍.长期保护性耕作提高土壤大团聚体含量及团聚体有机碳的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):378-386.
[3]陈建国,田大伦,闫文德.土壤团聚体固碳研究进展[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(5):74-80.
[4]刘中良,宇万太.土壤团聚体中有机碳研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):447-455.
[5]刘哲,陈田庆,孙增慧,等.长期施用不同有机物料对土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(3):100-107.
[6]周纯亮,吴明.中亚热带四种森林土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布特征[J].土壤,2011,43(3):406-410.
[7]董莉丽,陈益娥,李晓华.吴起县退耕还林对土壤团聚体水稳性和养分含量的影响[J].林业科学,2014,50(5):140-146.
[8]董莉丽.渭北旱塬植被恢复对土壤有机质和水稳性团聚体含量的影响[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):709-714.
[9]俞月凤,卢凌霄,杜虎,等.不同类型森林石灰土的团聚体组成及其有机碳分布特征[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(5):1011-1019.
[10]李娟,廖洪凯,龙健,等.喀斯特山区土地利用对土壤团聚体有机碳和活性有机碳特征的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2147-2156.
[11]何淑勤,郑子成.不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体的分布及其有机碳含量的变化[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):7-10.
[12]常新刚,黄国勤,熊云明,等.双季稻与黑麦草水旱轮作的产量和土壤理化性状分析[J].耕作与栽培,2005,4:16-17.
[13]方勇,章红兵.南方红壤区种植黑麦草的效应研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):69-71.
[14]姜培坤,徐秋芳,周国模,等.种植绿肥对板栗林土壤养分和生物学性质的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):120-123.
[15]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.65-74.
[16]王丽宏,曾昭海,杨光立,等.六种稻田土壤冬季种植黑麦草功能效应研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(12):1972-1976.
[17]张赛,王龙昌.保护性耕作对土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):263-267,272.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[19]谢宏图.东北黑土有机碳、全氮空间分布及特性研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2005.
[20]Rilling M C,Wright S F,Eviner V T.The role of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation:comparing effects of five plant species[J].Plant and Soil,2002,238:325-333.
[21]Chan K Y,Heenan D P.Microbial-induced soil aggregates stability under different crop rotations[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,30:29-32.
[22]Peng S,Guo T,Liu G C.The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal netmorks on soil in southwest China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:411-417.
[23]宋日,刘利,马丽艳,等.作物根系分泌物对土壤团聚体大小及其稳定性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(7):84-86.
[24]鲁鸿佩,孙爱华.草田轮作对粮食作物的增产效应[J].草业科学,2003,20(4):10-13.
[25]Yang X M,Kay B D.Rotation and tillage effects on soil organic carbon sequestration in a typic hapludalf in Southern Ontario[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2001,59:107-114.
[26]王晓凌,李凤民.作物轮作系统土壤微生物量与土壤轻组碳氮研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):132-135.
[27]方华军,杨学明,张晓平,等.东北黑土区坡耕地表层土壤颗粒有机碳和团聚体结合碳的空间分布[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):2847-2854.
[28]Six J,Elliott E T,Paustian K.Soil macroaggregate turn-over and microaggregate formation:A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32:2099-2103.
[29]陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216.
[30]乔丹丹,吴名宇,张倩,等.秸秆还田与生物炭施用对黄褐土团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(3):92-99.
[31]王英俊.生草对渭北苹果园土壤团聚体及其有机C、N的影响[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[32]刘恩科,赵秉强,梅旭荣,等.不同施肥处理对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(4):1035-1041.
[33]张赛,王龙昌,杜娟,等.西南“旱三熟”区不同作物和秸秆覆盖对土壤团聚体及固碳潜力的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):98-107.