断层类型对高烈度区分布的影响研究
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摘要
本文收集整理了1966年以来震级大于等于6.5的破坏性地震的震害资料,通过分析历史震例数据将6.5—7.9级地震的Ⅷ度及以上烈度区和8级及以上地震的Ⅸ度及以上烈度区定义为高烈度区。研究了不同类型地震高烈度区的分布特点,并给出了不同类型地震震级与高烈度区长短轴之间的拟合关系。分析结果表明:(1)走滑型地震高烈度区分布基本为比较对称的椭圆,这可能与走滑断层作用的应力是来自两旁的剪切力,其两盘顺断层面走向相对移动,而无上下垂直移动有关;(2)倾滑型地震高烈度区分布不一定对称,具体分布受断层两侧以及断层本身介质的物理性质影响;(3)褶皱类型地震的高烈度区分布特点要根据地震的断层位错和地震时褶皱隆起两方面的信息具体分析。
This paper collected the data of M≥6.5 destructive earthquake since 1966. By analyzing historical earthquake cases, the intensity areas which magnitude range from 6.5 to 7.9, equal or above Ⅷ and magnitude 8 or exceed 8, equal or above Ⅸ will be regarded as high seismic intensity region. The author analyzed the distribution characteristics of high seismic intensity region in different types of earthquakes. The matching relations between different earthquakes magnitude and high seismic intensity region's long and short axes is given. The analysis results are drawn as follows.(1)For strike-slip earthquakes, the distribution of high seismic intensity region is basically a symmetrical ellipse. Because the stress of strike slip fault is the shear force from both sides and two fault walls moves along strike of fault plane.(2)For dip-slip earthquakes, the distribution of high seismic intensity region may be a symmetrical ellipse. The specific distribution is affected by the physical properties of both sides of the fault and the fault itself.(3)For foiding earthquakes, the distribution characteristics of high seismic intensity region should be specifically analyzed based on the information of fault dislocation and fold uplift.
This paper collected the data of M≥6.5 destructive earthquake since 1966. By analyzing historical earthquake cases, the intensity areas which magnitude range from 6.5 to 7.9, equal or above Ⅷ and magnitude 8 or exceed 8, equal or above Ⅸ will be regarded as high seismic intensity region. The author analyzed the distribution characteristics of high seismic intensity region in different types of earthquakes. The matching relations between different earthquakes magnitude and high seismic intensity region's long and short axes is given. The analysis results are drawn as follows.(1)For strike-slip earthquakes, the distribution of high seismic intensity region is basically a symmetrical ellipse. Because the stress of strike slip fault is the shear force from both sides and two fault walls moves along strike of fault plane.(2)For dip-slip earthquakes, the distribution of high seismic intensity region may be a symmetrical ellipse. The specific distribution is affected by the physical properties of both sides of the fault and the fault itself.(3)For foiding earthquakes, the distribution characteristics of high seismic intensity region should be specifically analyzed based on the information of fault dislocation and fold uplift.
引文
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[3] 汪素云, 俞言祥.中国分区地震动衰减关系的确定[J].中国地震, 2000, 16(2): 99-106. WANG Suyun, YU Yanxiang, Development of attenuation relations for ground motion in China[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2000, 16(2): 99-106.(in Chinese)
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[5] 孙继浩, 帅向华.川滇及其邻区中强地震烈度衰减关系适用性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动, 2011, 31(01): 11-18. SUN Jihao, SHUAI Xianghua.Study on moderate-strong seismic intensity attenuation relations in Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent areas[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2011, 31(01): 11-18.(in Chinese)
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[7] 田家勇, 兰晓雯, 谢周敏, 等.地形对地震烈度衰减的影响[J].震灾防御技术, 2010, 5(3): 281-287. TIAN Jiayong, LAN Xiaowen, XIE Zhoumin, et al.Influence of topography on seismic intensity attenuation[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2010, 5(3): 281-287. (in Chinese)
[8] 邓起东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D), 2002, 32(12): 1020-1030. DENG Qidong, ZHANG Peizhen, RAN Yongkang, et al. Basiccharacteristics of active tectonics of China[J]. Science in China(Series D), 2003, 46(4): 356-372.(in Chinese)
[9] 邓起东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 等.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘, 2003, (S1): 66-73. DENG Qidong, ZHANG Peizhen, RAN Yongkang, et al.Active tectonics and earthquake activities in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, (S1): 66-73.(in Chinese)
[10] 冯先岳.1985年新疆乌恰地震烈度与发震构造[J].内陆地震, 1999(2): 169-178. FENG Xianyue. The intensity and causative tectonics of the Wuqia, Xinjiang, earthquake[J].Inland Earthquake, 1999(2): 169-178.(in Chinese)
[11] 朱德瑜, 肖振敏, 陈玉华, 等. 1990年青海共和7.0级地震发震构造特征[C]//地壳构造与地壳应力文集, 1997: 78-86. ZHU Deyu, XIAO Zhenmin, CHEN Yuhua, et al.Seismogenetic tectonics of the 1990 Gonghe M7.0 earthquake Qinghai province[C]// Crustal Structure and Crustal Stress Collection, 1997: 78- 86.(in Chinese)
[12] 范方琴, 尹力峰.1996年3月19日阿图什6.9级地震震害与损失[J].内陆地震, 1996(4): 380-384. FAN Fangqin, YIN Lifeng.Disaster and losses due to the Ms6.9 earthquake of Mar.19, 1996 in Atushi[J].Inland Earthquake, 1996 (4): 380-384.(in Chinese)
[13] 朱守彪, 袁杰.2008年汶川大地震单侧破裂过程的动力学机制研究[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(11): 4063-4074. ZHU Shoubiao, YUAN Jie.Mechanisms for the fault rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(Ms=8.0) with predominately unilateral propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(11): 4063-4074.(in Chinese)
[14] 张岳桥, 董树文, 侯春堂, 等.四川芦山2013年Ms7.0地震发震构造初步研究[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(6): 747-758. ZHANG Yueqiao, DONG Shuwen, HOU Chunutang, et al.Preliminary study on the seismotectonics of the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake , west Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013, 87 (6): 747- 758.(in Chinese)
[15] 张建福, 成小平, 姜立新, 等.基于面积统计的震后烈度评估[J].自然灾害学报, 2005(1): 76-81. ZHANG Jianfu, CHENG Xiaoping, JIANG Lixin, et al.Estimation of post-earthquake intensity based on area statistics[J].Journal of Natural Disasters, 2005(1): 76-81.(in Chinese)
[16] 张肇成, 罗兰格, 李海华, 等.中国震例(1966-1975)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1988. ZHANG Zhaocheng, LUO Lange, LI Haihua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1966-1975) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988.(in Chinese)
[17] 张肇成, 罗兰格, 李海华, 等.中国震例(1976-1980)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1990. ZHANG Zhaocheng, LUO Lange, LI Haihua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1976-1980) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1990.(in Chinese)
[18] 张肇成, 罗兰格, 李海华, 等.中国震例(1981-1985)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1990. ZHANG Zhaocheng, LUO Lange, LI Haihua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1981-1985) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1990.(in Chinese)
[19] 张肇成, 郑大林, 徐京华, 等.中国震例(1986-1988)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1999. ZHANG Zhaocheng, ZHENG Dalin, XU Jinghua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1986-1988) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1999. (in Chinese)
[20] 张肇成, 郑大林, 徐京华, 等.中国震例(1989-1991)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2000. ZHANG Zhaocheng, ZHENG Dalin, XU Jinghua, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1989-1991) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2000. (in Chinese)
[21] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 车时, 等.中国震例(1992-1994)[M]. 北京:地震出版社, 2002. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, CHE Shi, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1992-1994)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2002.(in Chinese)
[22] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 刘桂萍, 等.中国震例(1995-1996)[M]. 北京:地震出版社, 2002. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, LIU Guiping, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1995-1996)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2002.(in Chinese)
[23] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 高荣胜, 等.中国震例(1997-1999)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2002. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, GAO Rongsheng, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1997-1999)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2002.(in Chinese)
[24] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 车时, 等.中国震例(2000-2002)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2008. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, CHE Shi, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (2000-2002)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2008.(in Chinese)
[25] 蒋海昆, 付虹, 杨马陵, 等.中国震例(2003-2006)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2014. JINAG Haikun, FU Hong, YNAG Maling, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (2003-2006)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2014.(in Chinese)
[26] 中国地震局震灾应急救援司.1966-1989年中国地震灾害损失资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社, 2015. Earthquake emergency rescue division of China Earthquake Administration.Compilation of Earthquke Damage Losses in China from 1966 to 1989[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2015.(in Chinese)
[2] 郁曙君.中国东部平原和西北部地区烈度衰减关系的研究[J].地震学报, 1995(2): 203-211. YU Shujun.Study of the intensity attenuation law in the East China Plain and the northwest of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica, 1995(2): 203-211.(in Chinese)
[3] 汪素云, 俞言祥.中国分区地震动衰减关系的确定[J].中国地震, 2000, 16(2): 99-106. WANG Suyun, YU Yanxiang, Development of attenuation relations for ground motion in China[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2000, 16(2): 99-106.(in Chinese)
[4] 雷建成, 高孟潭, 俞言祥.四川及邻区地震动衰减关系[J].地震学报, 2007, 29(5): 500-511. LEI Jiancheng, GAO Mengtan, YU Yanxiang.Seismic motion attenuation relations in Sichuan and adjacent areas[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2007, 29(5): 500-511.(in Chinese)
[5] 孙继浩, 帅向华.川滇及其邻区中强地震烈度衰减关系适用性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动, 2011, 31(01): 11-18. SUN Jihao, SHUAI Xianghua.Study on moderate-strong seismic intensity attenuation relations in Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent areas[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2011, 31(01): 11-18.(in Chinese)
[6] 吴章明, 袁岩光.地震地表破裂与发震断层的性状[J].灾害学, 1990(4): 14-19. WU Zhangming, YUAN Yanguang.Surface ruptures and seismogenic faults[J].Journal of Catastrophology, 1990(4): 14-19.(in Chinese)
[7] 田家勇, 兰晓雯, 谢周敏, 等.地形对地震烈度衰减的影响[J].震灾防御技术, 2010, 5(3): 281-287. TIAN Jiayong, LAN Xiaowen, XIE Zhoumin, et al.Influence of topography on seismic intensity attenuation[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2010, 5(3): 281-287. (in Chinese)
[8] 邓起东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D), 2002, 32(12): 1020-1030. DENG Qidong, ZHANG Peizhen, RAN Yongkang, et al. Basiccharacteristics of active tectonics of China[J]. Science in China(Series D), 2003, 46(4): 356-372.(in Chinese)
[9] 邓起东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 等.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘, 2003, (S1): 66-73. DENG Qidong, ZHANG Peizhen, RAN Yongkang, et al.Active tectonics and earthquake activities in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, (S1): 66-73.(in Chinese)
[10] 冯先岳.1985年新疆乌恰地震烈度与发震构造[J].内陆地震, 1999(2): 169-178. FENG Xianyue. The intensity and causative tectonics of the Wuqia, Xinjiang, earthquake[J].Inland Earthquake, 1999(2): 169-178.(in Chinese)
[11] 朱德瑜, 肖振敏, 陈玉华, 等. 1990年青海共和7.0级地震发震构造特征[C]//地壳构造与地壳应力文集, 1997: 78-86. ZHU Deyu, XIAO Zhenmin, CHEN Yuhua, et al.Seismogenetic tectonics of the 1990 Gonghe M7.0 earthquake Qinghai province[C]// Crustal Structure and Crustal Stress Collection, 1997: 78- 86.(in Chinese)
[12] 范方琴, 尹力峰.1996年3月19日阿图什6.9级地震震害与损失[J].内陆地震, 1996(4): 380-384. FAN Fangqin, YIN Lifeng.Disaster and losses due to the Ms6.9 earthquake of Mar.19, 1996 in Atushi[J].Inland Earthquake, 1996 (4): 380-384.(in Chinese)
[13] 朱守彪, 袁杰.2008年汶川大地震单侧破裂过程的动力学机制研究[J].地球物理学报, 2016, 59(11): 4063-4074. ZHU Shoubiao, YUAN Jie.Mechanisms for the fault rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(Ms=8.0) with predominately unilateral propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(11): 4063-4074.(in Chinese)
[14] 张岳桥, 董树文, 侯春堂, 等.四川芦山2013年Ms7.0地震发震构造初步研究[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(6): 747-758. ZHANG Yueqiao, DONG Shuwen, HOU Chunutang, et al.Preliminary study on the seismotectonics of the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake , west Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013, 87 (6): 747- 758.(in Chinese)
[15] 张建福, 成小平, 姜立新, 等.基于面积统计的震后烈度评估[J].自然灾害学报, 2005(1): 76-81. ZHANG Jianfu, CHENG Xiaoping, JIANG Lixin, et al.Estimation of post-earthquake intensity based on area statistics[J].Journal of Natural Disasters, 2005(1): 76-81.(in Chinese)
[16] 张肇成, 罗兰格, 李海华, 等.中国震例(1966-1975)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1988. ZHANG Zhaocheng, LUO Lange, LI Haihua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1966-1975) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988.(in Chinese)
[17] 张肇成, 罗兰格, 李海华, 等.中国震例(1976-1980)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1990. ZHANG Zhaocheng, LUO Lange, LI Haihua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1976-1980) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1990.(in Chinese)
[18] 张肇成, 罗兰格, 李海华, 等.中国震例(1981-1985)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1990. ZHANG Zhaocheng, LUO Lange, LI Haihua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1981-1985) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1990.(in Chinese)
[19] 张肇成, 郑大林, 徐京华, 等.中国震例(1986-1988)[M].北京:地震出版社, 1999. ZHANG Zhaocheng, ZHENG Dalin, XU Jinghua, et al.Earthquake Cases in China (1986-1988) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1999. (in Chinese)
[20] 张肇成, 郑大林, 徐京华, 等.中国震例(1989-1991)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2000. ZHANG Zhaocheng, ZHENG Dalin, XU Jinghua, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1989-1991) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2000. (in Chinese)
[21] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 车时, 等.中国震例(1992-1994)[M]. 北京:地震出版社, 2002. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, CHE Shi, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1992-1994)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2002.(in Chinese)
[22] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 刘桂萍, 等.中国震例(1995-1996)[M]. 北京:地震出版社, 2002. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, LIU Guiping, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1995-1996)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2002.(in Chinese)
[23] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 高荣胜, 等.中国震例(1997-1999)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2002. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, GAO Rongsheng, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (1997-1999)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2002.(in Chinese)
[24] 陈棋福, 郑大林, 车时, 等.中国震例(2000-2002)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2008. CHEN Qifu, ZHENG Dalin, CHE Shi, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (2000-2002)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2008.(in Chinese)
[25] 蒋海昆, 付虹, 杨马陵, 等.中国震例(2003-2006)[M].北京:地震出版社, 2014. JINAG Haikun, FU Hong, YNAG Maling, et al. Earthquake Cases in China (2003-2006)[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2014.(in Chinese)
[26] 中国地震局震灾应急救援司.1966-1989年中国地震灾害损失资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社, 2015. Earthquake emergency rescue division of China Earthquake Administration.Compilation of Earthquke Damage Losses in China from 1966 to 1989[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2015.(in Chinese)