腐殖酸肥或生物有机肥替代部分化肥对土壤肥力、红枣产量和品质的影响
|
摘要
通过枣树常规施肥(CF)减量(20%、40%和60%)配施腐殖酸或生物有机肥试验,探索CF减量配施有机肥对枣树土壤性状、产量和枣果品质的影响。结果表明:与CF比较,化肥减量配施有机肥能够显著增加土壤有机质质量分数,但显著降低了碱解氮和速效磷质量分数(P<0.05);同时,化肥配施腐殖酸肥或生物有机肥配施处理较CF处理红枣产量分别增加7.13%～25.70%和13.88%～15.20%,单个枣果果型也显著增加(P<0.05),但导致出干率降低;CF减量配施腐殖酸肥处理枣果维生素C、蛋白质、还原糖、黄酮、总可溶性糖比CF处理分别增加1.33～5.31倍、3.53%～5.88%、21.09%、22.41%、25.77%;CF减量配施生物有机肥处理枣果维生素C、蛋白质、还原糖、黄酮、总可溶性糖比CF处理分别增加2.34～5.83倍、73.3%、34.35%、14.62%、34.34%。过量配施腐殖酸肥处理,枣果中黄酮、还原糖和可溶性总糖质量分数反而低于CF处理。在本试验条件下,较优的2个处理分别是CF减量20%～40%,配施腐殖酸肥每株0.5～1.0kg和CF减量40%,配施生物有机肥每株1.0kg。在同等条件下,化肥配施生物有机肥效果优于配施腐殖酸肥。
In this experiment, the effects of fertilizer on soil, yield and quality of jujube fruit were studied by applying humic acid and bio-organic fertilizer combine with different chemical fertilizer reduction(20%, 40% and 60%). The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer could significantly increase the mass fraction of soil organic matter, but the mass fraction of alkali-nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased(P<0.05). By applying humic acid and bio-organic fertilizer combine with chemical fertilizer, the jujube production increased by 7.13%-25.70% and 13.88%-15.20%, respectively. The size of the single jujube fruit also increased significantly(P<0.05), but the dry rate was decreased due to the combined fertilizer. Compared the conventional fertilization method, chemical fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid fertilizer can significantly increase the jujube fruit vitamin C by 1.33-5.31 times, protein by 3.53%-5.88%, reducing sugar by 21.09%, flavonoids by 22.41% and total soluble sugar by 25.77%. Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer can significantly increase the jujube fruit vitamin C by 2.34-5.83 times, protein by 73.3%, reducing sugar by 34.35%, flavonoids by 14.62% and total soluble sugar by 34.34%. In a comprehensive view, The better treatment was chemical fertilizer reduction by 20 to 40 percentage combined with humic acid fertilizer 1.5 kg per tree; and chemical fertilizer reduction by 40 percentage combined with bio-organic fertilizer 1.0 kg per tree, respectively. In the same condition,chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer was better than it combined with humic acid fertilizer.
In this experiment, the effects of fertilizer on soil, yield and quality of jujube fruit were studied by applying humic acid and bio-organic fertilizer combine with different chemical fertilizer reduction(20%, 40% and 60%). The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer could significantly increase the mass fraction of soil organic matter, but the mass fraction of alkali-nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased(P<0.05). By applying humic acid and bio-organic fertilizer combine with chemical fertilizer, the jujube production increased by 7.13%-25.70% and 13.88%-15.20%, respectively. The size of the single jujube fruit also increased significantly(P<0.05), but the dry rate was decreased due to the combined fertilizer. Compared the conventional fertilization method, chemical fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid fertilizer can significantly increase the jujube fruit vitamin C by 1.33-5.31 times, protein by 3.53%-5.88%, reducing sugar by 21.09%, flavonoids by 22.41% and total soluble sugar by 25.77%. Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer can significantly increase the jujube fruit vitamin C by 2.34-5.83 times, protein by 73.3%, reducing sugar by 34.35%, flavonoids by 14.62% and total soluble sugar by 34.34%. In a comprehensive view, The better treatment was chemical fertilizer reduction by 20 to 40 percentage combined with humic acid fertilizer 1.5 kg per tree; and chemical fertilizer reduction by 40 percentage combined with bio-organic fertilizer 1.0 kg per tree, respectively. In the same condition,chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer was better than it combined with humic acid fertilizer.
引文
[1] 曾希柏,陈同斌,胡清秀,等.中国粮食生产潜力和化肥增产效率的区域分异[J].地理学报,2002,57(5):539-546.ZENG X B,CHEN T B,HU Q X,et al.Grain productivity and its potential as resulted to fertilizer consumption among different counties of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2002,57(5):539-546.
[2] 李东坡,武志杰.化学肥料的土壤生态环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1158-1165.LI D P,WU ZH J.Impact of chemical fertilizers application on soil ecological environment[J].Chinese Journal of Applical Ecology,2008,19(5):1158-1165.
[3] 罗华,李敏,胡大刚,等.不同有机肥对肥城桃果实产量及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):955-964.LUO H,LI M,HU D G,et al.Effects of organic fertilization on fruit yield and quality of Feicheng peach (Prunus persica cv.Feicheng)[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):955-964.
[4] 陶磊,褚贵新,刘涛,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对长期连作棉田产量、土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6137-6146.TAO L,ZHU G X,LIU T,et al.Impacts of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on cotton yield,soil microbial community and enzyme activities in mono-cropping system in drip irrigation condition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(21):6137-6146.
[5] LORENC-GRABOWSKA E,GRYGLEWICZ G.Adsorption of lignite-derived humic acids on coal-based mesoporous activated carbons[J].Journal of Colloid & Interface Science,2005,284(2):416-423.
[6] PAVLOVICH L B,STRAKHOV V M.Effect of humic fertilizers from brown coal on the mineral composition of vegetable crops[J].Solid Fuel Chemistry,2018,52(3):206-210.
[7] 李春花,孙道旺,何成兴,等.不同生物有机肥对荞麦病害及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(19):1-4.LI CH H,SUN D W,HE CH X,et al.Effects of different bio-oranic fertilizers on disease and yield of buckwheat[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,34(19):1-4.
[8] 谢凯,宋晓晖,董彩霞,等.不同有机肥处理对黄冠梨生长及果园土壤性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):214-222.XIE K,SONG X H,DONG C X,et al.Effects of different organic fertilizers on tree growth and soil property in Huangguan pear orchard[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(1):214-222.
[9] 谭军利,田军仓,李应海,等.不同生物有机肥施肥方法对压砂西瓜生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(6):135-138.TAN J L,TIAN J C,LI Y H,et al.Effects of different methods of bio-organic fertilizer application on watermelon growth and yield on gravel-mulched land[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(6):135-138.
[10] 靳志丽,刘国顺,聂新柏.腐殖酸对土壤环境和烤烟矿质吸收影响的研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002(3):15-18.JIN ZH L,LIU G SH,NIE X B.The study on effect of humic acid on soil environment and absorbing ability to mineral material of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2002(3):15-18.
[11] 宋以玲,于建,陈士更,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对油菜生长及土壤微生物和酶活性影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):352-360.SONG Y L,YU J,CHEN SH G,et al.Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with application of bio-organic fertilizer on rape growth,microorganism and enzymes activities in soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(1):352-360.
[12] WANG J,SONG Y,MA T,et al.Impacts of inorganic and organic fertilization treatments on bacterial and fungal communities in a paddy soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,112:42-50.
[13] 罗佳,刘丽珠,王同,等.有机肥与化肥配施对黄瓜产量及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):774-779.LUO J,LIU L ZH,WANG T,et al.Effect of combined application of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on cucumber yield and soil microbial diversity[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(5):774-779.
[14] 金忠宇,翟丙年,于昕阳,等.不同氮肥用量配施有机肥对渭北旱塬冬小麦水分利用的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(12):91-98.JIN ZH Y,ZHAI B N,YU X Y,et al.Effect of organic manure application combined with nitrogen fertilizer at different rates on water utilization of winter wheat in weibei dryland[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(12):91-98.
[15] 李兆君,马国瑞,王申贵,等.腐殖酸长效尿素在土壤中转化及其对玉米增产的效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):121-123.LI ZH J,MA G R,WANG SH G,et al.Transformation of long lasting UHA in soil and its effect on maize yield[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(4):121-123.
[16] 刘茜,马飞跃,于建军,等.腐殖酸对植烟土壤和烟草影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):132-136.LIU Q,MA F Y,YU J J,et al.The research advance of the effect of humic acid to the soil and tobacco[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(4):132-136.
[17] 王琼,魏一娜,郭慧慧,等.INA 处理对冬枣采后生理及贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35( 2):301-304.WANG Q,WEI Y N,GUO H H,et al.Effect of pretreatment with 2,6-dichloroisonictinic acid(INA) on postharvest physiology and quality of winter jujube during storage[J].Food Science,2014,35(2):301-304.
[18] 袁晶晶,同延安,卢绍辉,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤肥力及红枣产量、品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):468-475.YUAN J J,TONG Y A,LU SH H,et al.Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil fertility and jujube yield and quality[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(2):468-475.
[19] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO SH D.Soil Agrochemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000.
[20] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.GAO J F.Experiment Guide for Plant Physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[21] 吴剑峰.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003.WU J F.Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Products[M].Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,2003.
[22] ABDELHAFEZ A A,ABBAS M H H,ATTIA T M S,et al.Mineralization of organic carbon and nitrogen in semi-arid soils under organic and inorganic fertilization[J].Environmental Technology & Innovation,2018,9:243-253.
[23] 邢尚军,刘方春,杜振宇,等.腐殖酸肥料对杨树生长及土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):126-129.XING SH J,LIU F CH,DU ZH Y,et al.Effects of humic acid fertilizer on the poplar growth and soil properties[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(4):126-129.
[24] 刘伟,刘景辉,萨如拉,等.腐殖酸水溶肥料对水分胁迫下小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):196-200.LIU W,LIU J H,SA R L,et al.Effect of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer on wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield under water stress[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(3):196-200.
[25] GLE?-KAROLCZYK K,BOLIG?OWA E,ANTONKIE WICZ J.Organic fertilization shapes the biodiversity of fungal communities associated with potato dry rot[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2018,129:43-51.
[26] 赵佐平,高义民,刘芬,等.化肥有机肥配施对苹果叶片养分、品质及产量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(11):2229-2236.ZHAO Z P,GAO Y M,LIU F,et al.Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on the leaf nutrition,quality and yield of fuji apple[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(11):2229-2236.
[2] 李东坡,武志杰.化学肥料的土壤生态环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1158-1165.LI D P,WU ZH J.Impact of chemical fertilizers application on soil ecological environment[J].Chinese Journal of Applical Ecology,2008,19(5):1158-1165.
[3] 罗华,李敏,胡大刚,等.不同有机肥对肥城桃果实产量及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):955-964.LUO H,LI M,HU D G,et al.Effects of organic fertilization on fruit yield and quality of Feicheng peach (Prunus persica cv.Feicheng)[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2012,18(4):955-964.
[4] 陶磊,褚贵新,刘涛,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对长期连作棉田产量、土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6137-6146.TAO L,ZHU G X,LIU T,et al.Impacts of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on cotton yield,soil microbial community and enzyme activities in mono-cropping system in drip irrigation condition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(21):6137-6146.
[5] LORENC-GRABOWSKA E,GRYGLEWICZ G.Adsorption of lignite-derived humic acids on coal-based mesoporous activated carbons[J].Journal of Colloid & Interface Science,2005,284(2):416-423.
[6] PAVLOVICH L B,STRAKHOV V M.Effect of humic fertilizers from brown coal on the mineral composition of vegetable crops[J].Solid Fuel Chemistry,2018,52(3):206-210.
[7] 李春花,孙道旺,何成兴,等.不同生物有机肥对荞麦病害及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(19):1-4.LI CH H,SUN D W,HE CH X,et al.Effects of different bio-oranic fertilizers on disease and yield of buckwheat[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,34(19):1-4.
[8] 谢凯,宋晓晖,董彩霞,等.不同有机肥处理对黄冠梨生长及果园土壤性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):214-222.XIE K,SONG X H,DONG C X,et al.Effects of different organic fertilizers on tree growth and soil property in Huangguan pear orchard[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(1):214-222.
[9] 谭军利,田军仓,李应海,等.不同生物有机肥施肥方法对压砂西瓜生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(6):135-138.TAN J L,TIAN J C,LI Y H,et al.Effects of different methods of bio-organic fertilizer application on watermelon growth and yield on gravel-mulched land[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(6):135-138.
[10] 靳志丽,刘国顺,聂新柏.腐殖酸对土壤环境和烤烟矿质吸收影响的研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002(3):15-18.JIN ZH L,LIU G SH,NIE X B.The study on effect of humic acid on soil environment and absorbing ability to mineral material of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2002(3):15-18.
[11] 宋以玲,于建,陈士更,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对油菜生长及土壤微生物和酶活性影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):352-360.SONG Y L,YU J,CHEN SH G,et al.Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with application of bio-organic fertilizer on rape growth,microorganism and enzymes activities in soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(1):352-360.
[12] WANG J,SONG Y,MA T,et al.Impacts of inorganic and organic fertilization treatments on bacterial and fungal communities in a paddy soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,112:42-50.
[13] 罗佳,刘丽珠,王同,等.有机肥与化肥配施对黄瓜产量及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):774-779.LUO J,LIU L ZH,WANG T,et al.Effect of combined application of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on cucumber yield and soil microbial diversity[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(5):774-779.
[14] 金忠宇,翟丙年,于昕阳,等.不同氮肥用量配施有机肥对渭北旱塬冬小麦水分利用的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(12):91-98.JIN ZH Y,ZHAI B N,YU X Y,et al.Effect of organic manure application combined with nitrogen fertilizer at different rates on water utilization of winter wheat in weibei dryland[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(12):91-98.
[15] 李兆君,马国瑞,王申贵,等.腐殖酸长效尿素在土壤中转化及其对玉米增产的效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):121-123.LI ZH J,MA G R,WANG SH G,et al.Transformation of long lasting UHA in soil and its effect on maize yield[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(4):121-123.
[16] 刘茜,马飞跃,于建军,等.腐殖酸对植烟土壤和烟草影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):132-136.LIU Q,MA F Y,YU J J,et al.The research advance of the effect of humic acid to the soil and tobacco[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(4):132-136.
[17] 王琼,魏一娜,郭慧慧,等.INA 处理对冬枣采后生理及贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35( 2):301-304.WANG Q,WEI Y N,GUO H H,et al.Effect of pretreatment with 2,6-dichloroisonictinic acid(INA) on postharvest physiology and quality of winter jujube during storage[J].Food Science,2014,35(2):301-304.
[18] 袁晶晶,同延安,卢绍辉,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤肥力及红枣产量、品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):468-475.YUAN J J,TONG Y A,LU SH H,et al.Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil fertility and jujube yield and quality[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(2):468-475.
[19] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO SH D.Soil Agrochemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000.
[20] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.GAO J F.Experiment Guide for Plant Physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[21] 吴剑峰.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003.WU J F.Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Products[M].Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,2003.
[22] ABDELHAFEZ A A,ABBAS M H H,ATTIA T M S,et al.Mineralization of organic carbon and nitrogen in semi-arid soils under organic and inorganic fertilization[J].Environmental Technology & Innovation,2018,9:243-253.
[23] 邢尚军,刘方春,杜振宇,等.腐殖酸肥料对杨树生长及土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):126-129.XING SH J,LIU F CH,DU ZH Y,et al.Effects of humic acid fertilizer on the poplar growth and soil properties[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(4):126-129.
[24] 刘伟,刘景辉,萨如拉,等.腐殖酸水溶肥料对水分胁迫下小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):196-200.LIU W,LIU J H,SA R L,et al.Effect of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer on wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield under water stress[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(3):196-200.
[25] GLE?-KAROLCZYK K,BOLIG?OWA E,ANTONKIE WICZ J.Organic fertilization shapes the biodiversity of fungal communities associated with potato dry rot[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2018,129:43-51.
[26] 赵佐平,高义民,刘芬,等.化肥有机肥配施对苹果叶片养分、品质及产量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(11):2229-2236.ZHAO Z P,GAO Y M,LIU F,et al.Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on the leaf nutrition,quality and yield of fuji apple[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(11):2229-2236.