香梨果园套种苏丹草对土壤养分及产草量的影响
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摘要
探讨库尔勒香梨果园套种苏丹草对果园土壤性状的影响和产草量。果园内,分别设距树干0.5 m处外和1.5 m处外2个采样区,测定采样区内苏丹草产量和0～60 cm土层的土壤容重及土壤养分。结果表明,离树干1.5 m处外干草产量为2.25 kg/m~2,显著高于离树干0.5 m处外的1.34 kg/m~2。离树干0.5 m处外0～20、20～40 cm土层地下生物量分别为81.26 g/m~2、14.38 g/m~2约为离树干1.5 m处213.62 g/m~2、32.89 g/m~2的38.03%、56.27%,且90%以上的牧草根量分布在0～20 cm的果园土层,苏丹草与果树的根系几乎无重叠现象。可见,香梨果园套种苏丹草对土壤性状及养分无负面影响,1 a可以收草3次,其产草量可达大田产量的60%左右。
This paper discussed the effect of Sudan grass interplanting in Koerle fragrant pear orchard on soil characters and grass yield.In the orchard,two sampling areas were set,0.5 m and 1.5 m away from the tree trunk,respectively,to determine the herbage yield of Sudan grass and soil bulk density and soil nutrients of 0-60 cm soil layer in the sampling areas.The results showed that herbage yield of the sampling area 1.5 m away from the trunk was 2.25 kg/m~2,significantly higher than the yield of the sampling area 0.5 m away from the trunk(1.34 kg/m~2).The underground biomass of soil layer 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm 0.5 m away from the trunk were 81.26 g/m~2,14.38 g/m~2,respectively,about 38.03% and 56.27% higher than those of the sampling area 1.5 m away from the trunk,which were 213.62 g/m~2,32.89 g/m~2,respectively.More than 90% of the herbage roots were distributed in the 0-20 cm soil layer,and there was almost no overlap between the roots of Sudan grass and Orchards.In conclusion,there was no negative impact on properties and nutrients in the pear orchards interplanting with Sudan grass,and it could harvest grass three times a year and the grass yield could reach about 60% of the field production.
This paper discussed the effect of Sudan grass interplanting in Koerle fragrant pear orchard on soil characters and grass yield.In the orchard,two sampling areas were set,0.5 m and 1.5 m away from the tree trunk,respectively,to determine the herbage yield of Sudan grass and soil bulk density and soil nutrients of 0-60 cm soil layer in the sampling areas.The results showed that herbage yield of the sampling area 1.5 m away from the trunk was 2.25 kg/m~2,significantly higher than the yield of the sampling area 0.5 m away from the trunk(1.34 kg/m~2).The underground biomass of soil layer 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm 0.5 m away from the trunk were 81.26 g/m~2,14.38 g/m~2,respectively,about 38.03% and 56.27% higher than those of the sampling area 1.5 m away from the trunk,which were 213.62 g/m~2,32.89 g/m~2,respectively.More than 90% of the herbage roots were distributed in the 0-20 cm soil layer,and there was almost no overlap between the roots of Sudan grass and Orchards.In conclusion,there was no negative impact on properties and nutrients in the pear orchards interplanting with Sudan grass,and it could harvest grass three times a year and the grass yield could reach about 60% of the field production.
引文
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[10] 潘伟彬,应朝阳,陈恩,等.套种牧草对果树根系生长及果园生态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(3):279-284.
[11] 刘晨,哈斯亚提·托逊江,艾比布拉·伊马木.新疆环塔里木稀植果林间套种牧草生产初步研究[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(18):132-135,145.
[12] 刘淑萍.马尾松林下套种阔叶树对马尾松林分生长及土壤改良的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2016,12(1):25-31.
[13] 林正眉,侯琼昭,罗刚跃,等.桉树林下套种对牧草糙毛假地豆的生长和林地土壤养分的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(12):45-52.
[14] 哈斯亚提·托逊江,刘晨,哈丽代·热合木江,等.苏丹草套种红枣和核桃对其产量及土壤水分含量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(12):2241-2245.
[15] 方凯凯,张玉岱,李树,等.渭北果园生草生物量与土壤养分因子的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(5):172-179.FANG K K,ZHANG Y D,LI S,et al.Relationship between orchard herbage biomass and soil nutrient factors in Weibei[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(5):172-179.(in Chinese)
[16] 黄雄.梨园生草及覆草对培肥地力效应的研究[D].石家庄:河北农业大学,2013.
[17] 刘建明,姚颖,刘忠玲,等.不同林分密度榛子天然林土壤养分特征研究[J].森林工程,2018,34(3):1-5.LIU J M,YAO Y,LIU Z L,et al.Study on nutrient characteristics of soil in natural corylus forest stands of different stocking densities[J].Forsty Engineering,2018,34(3):1-5.(in Chinese)
[18] 唐月坤,王嗣奇,张彦东.氮磷施肥对落叶松叶片非结构性碳浓度的影响[J].森林工程,2018,34(4):1-6.
[19] MORENO G,OBRADOR J J.GARCíA A.Impact of evergreen oaks on soil fertility and crop production in intercropped dehesas [J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2007,119:270-280.
[20] 高文杰,程飞,廖博一,等.套种绿肥对桉树人工林土壤理化性质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2019,34(1):54-61.GAO W J,CHENG F,LIAO B Y,et al.Effects of interplanting green manure on soil physical and chemical properties of Eucalyptus plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2019,34(1):54-61.(in Chinese)
[21] 叶激华,吴初平,张骏,等.黑松阔叶林内不同树种树干径流对表层土壤化学性质的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2015,35(6):23-27.
[22] 李惠,赵丹,苏彦苹,等.种植苜蓿及苜蓿覆盖对核桃园土壤性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(7):166-170.
[23] 刘晨,哈斯亚提·托逊江,艾比布拉·伊马木.库尔勒香梨果园间作饲草作物对土壤养分及小环境的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(11):2073-2078.
[24] 刘蝴蝶,郝淑英,曹琴,等.生草覆盖对果园土壤养分、果实产量及质量的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(3):184-186.LIU H D,ZHAO S P,CAO Q,et al.Effect of grass cover on soil nutrient and yield and quality of apple[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2003,34(3):184-186.(in Chinese)
[2] 杜洋文,曾祥福,邓先珍,等.不同桐药套种模式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(2):181-187.DU Y W,ZENG X F,DENG X Z,et al.Effects of different interplanting patterns on soil physical and chemical characters of Vernicia ford[J].Journal of Forest and Environment,2017,37(2):181-187.(in Chinese)
[3] DONG H Z,LI W J,TANG W,et al.Early plastic mulching increases stand establishment and lint yield of cotton in saline fields [J].Field Crops Res.,2009,111:269-275.
[4] JORDAN A,ZAVAK L M,GIL J.Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoff under semi-arid conditions in southern spain [J].Catena,2010,81:77-85.
[5] 洪宜聪.杉木林套种闽粤栲林分特性及其涵养水源功能[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):71-77,112.HONG Y C.Stand characteristics and water conservation function of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation mixed with Castanopsis fissa[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University.2017,32(3):71-77,112.(in Chinese)
[6] RAMOSM E,BENITEZ E,GARCIAP A,et al.Cover crops under different managements vs.frenquent tillage in almond orchards in semiarid conditions:effects on soil quality [J].Applied Soil Ecology 2010,44:6-14.
[7] 王东雪,曾雯珺,杨菊华,等.油茶新造林套种花生试验初报[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):157-159,176.WANG D X,ZENG W J,YANG J H,et al.Apreliinary report on the inter cropping peanut in the new oil tea plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(4):157-159,176.(in Chinese)
[8] 郝淑英,刘蝴蝶,牛俊玲,等.黄土高原区果园生草覆盖对土壤物理性状、水分及产量的影响[J].土壤肥料,2003(1):25-27.HAO S Y ,LIU H D,NIU J L..Effects of herbage-mulching to the apple yield and soil water and other soil physical properties in the Loess Plateau[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2003(1):25-27.(in Chinese)
[9] 秦文利,刘忠宽,智健飞.不同种植模式对棉花产量和土壤养分含量的影响[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(3):20-24,44.
[10] 潘伟彬,应朝阳,陈恩,等.套种牧草对果树根系生长及果园生态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(3):279-284.
[11] 刘晨,哈斯亚提·托逊江,艾比布拉·伊马木.新疆环塔里木稀植果林间套种牧草生产初步研究[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(18):132-135,145.
[12] 刘淑萍.马尾松林下套种阔叶树对马尾松林分生长及土壤改良的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2016,12(1):25-31.
[13] 林正眉,侯琼昭,罗刚跃,等.桉树林下套种对牧草糙毛假地豆的生长和林地土壤养分的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(12):45-52.
[14] 哈斯亚提·托逊江,刘晨,哈丽代·热合木江,等.苏丹草套种红枣和核桃对其产量及土壤水分含量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(12):2241-2245.
[15] 方凯凯,张玉岱,李树,等.渭北果园生草生物量与土壤养分因子的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(5):172-179.FANG K K,ZHANG Y D,LI S,et al.Relationship between orchard herbage biomass and soil nutrient factors in Weibei[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(5):172-179.(in Chinese)
[16] 黄雄.梨园生草及覆草对培肥地力效应的研究[D].石家庄:河北农业大学,2013.
[17] 刘建明,姚颖,刘忠玲,等.不同林分密度榛子天然林土壤养分特征研究[J].森林工程,2018,34(3):1-5.LIU J M,YAO Y,LIU Z L,et al.Study on nutrient characteristics of soil in natural corylus forest stands of different stocking densities[J].Forsty Engineering,2018,34(3):1-5.(in Chinese)
[18] 唐月坤,王嗣奇,张彦东.氮磷施肥对落叶松叶片非结构性碳浓度的影响[J].森林工程,2018,34(4):1-6.
[19] MORENO G,OBRADOR J J.GARCíA A.Impact of evergreen oaks on soil fertility and crop production in intercropped dehesas [J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2007,119:270-280.
[20] 高文杰,程飞,廖博一,等.套种绿肥对桉树人工林土壤理化性质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2019,34(1):54-61.GAO W J,CHENG F,LIAO B Y,et al.Effects of interplanting green manure on soil physical and chemical properties of Eucalyptus plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2019,34(1):54-61.(in Chinese)
[21] 叶激华,吴初平,张骏,等.黑松阔叶林内不同树种树干径流对表层土壤化学性质的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2015,35(6):23-27.
[22] 李惠,赵丹,苏彦苹,等.种植苜蓿及苜蓿覆盖对核桃园土壤性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(7):166-170.
[23] 刘晨,哈斯亚提·托逊江,艾比布拉·伊马木.库尔勒香梨果园间作饲草作物对土壤养分及小环境的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(11):2073-2078.
[24] 刘蝴蝶,郝淑英,曹琴,等.生草覆盖对果园土壤养分、果实产量及质量的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(3):184-186.LIU H D,ZHAO S P,CAO Q,et al.Effect of grass cover on soil nutrient and yield and quality of apple[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2003,34(3):184-186.(in Chinese)