汶川地震驱动的剥蚀作用及对龙门山地貌演化的影响
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摘要
探讨汶川地震驱动的剥蚀作用及其在龙门山地貌演化过程中的作用。根据卫星影像处理和实地观测,对同震滑坡的空间分布特征进行了精确刻画,结合对该地区地貌高度、地形起伏度、降水特征等数据,进行地貌演化的综合分析。结果表明汶川地震发震断裂控制了剥蚀作用的空间分布,地形起伏度也是控制汶川地震剥蚀作用的因素之一。汶川地震驱动的剥蚀作用不会造成龙门山宏观地貌高度的降低,受上冲断裂带的影响,龙门山可以维持现今的高度或者继续隆升。
The erosion resulted from the Wenchuan earthquake and its impact on the geomorphic evolution of the Longmenshan Mountains is discussed.Based on the satellite image and field investigation and observation,the distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides are described in detail and the geomorphic evolution of Longmenshan is studied on the basis of analysis of elevation of terrain,topographic relief and rainfall feature.It is realized that the most important control factor of the erosion driven by Wenchuan earthquake is seismogenic faults,with topographic relief as a minor factor.It is considered that the Wenchuan earthquake-induced erosion will not reduce the elevation of Longmenshan,and the elevation of Longmenshan can remain unchanged or even keep uplift owing to the upward displacement of the thrust fault belt.
The erosion resulted from the Wenchuan earthquake and its impact on the geomorphic evolution of the Longmenshan Mountains is discussed.Based on the satellite image and field investigation and observation,the distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides are described in detail and the geomorphic evolution of Longmenshan is studied on the basis of analysis of elevation of terrain,topographic relief and rainfall feature.It is realized that the most important control factor of the erosion driven by Wenchuan earthquake is seismogenic faults,with topographic relief as a minor factor.It is considered that the Wenchuan earthquake-induced erosion will not reduce the elevation of Longmenshan,and the elevation of Longmenshan can remain unchanged or even keep uplift owing to the upward displacement of the thrust fault belt.
引文
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[2]李海兵,付小方,Van Der Woerd J,等.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623-1643.Li H B,Fu X F,Van Der Woerd J,et al.Co-seisimic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1623-1643.(in Chinese)
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[7]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.Huang R Q.Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(in Chinese)
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[9]颜照坤,李勇,黄润秋,等.汶川Ms 8.0地震驱动的同震及震后地质灾害空间分布[J].四川地震,2011,141(4):1-7.Yan Z K,Li Y,Huang R Q,et al.The spatial distribution of coseismal geological disasters triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2011,141(4):1-7.(in Chinese)
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[11]王怡璇,朱利东,杨文光,等.汶川地震与芦山地震次生地质灾害特征对比[J].四川理工学院学报(自然科学版),2015,28(2):63-68.Wang Y X,Zhu L D,Yang W G,et al.Comparison of secondary geological disaster characters of the Wenchuan earthquake and the Lushan earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University of Science&Engineering(Natural Science Edition),2015,28(2):63-68.(in Chinese)
[12]李奋生,李勇,赵国华,等.汶川8.0级地震震后泥石流空间分布和控制因素分析[J].灾害学,2014,29(2):38-41.Li F S,Li Y,Zhao G H,et al.Space distribution and control factors of debris flows after Wenchuan Ms 8.0earthquake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2014,29(2):38-41.(in Chinese)
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[15]de Michele M,Raucoules D,de Sigoyer J,et al.Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008May 12 Sichuan earthquake(China)derived from synthetic aperture radar:Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust[J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,183(3):1097-1103.
[16]颜照坤.龙门山与前陆盆地之间的剥蚀-沉积系统研究[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2011.Yan Z K.The Study of Denudation-Accumulation System Between the Longmenshan and Foreland Basin[D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese)
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[18]李奋生,李勇,颜照坤,等.构造、地貌和气候对汶川地震同震及震后地质灾害的控制作用——以龙门山北段通口河流域为例[J].自然杂志,2012,34(4):216-218.Li F S,Li Y,Yan Z K,et al.Controlaction of tectonic,landforms and climate on the geological hazards in Wenchuan earth quake coseismic and after earthquake:Take Tongkou River watershed,the northern Longmen Mountain for example[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2012,34(4):216-218.(in Chinese)
[19]颜照坤,李勇,李海兵,等.晚三叠世以来龙门山的隆升-剥蚀过程研究——来自前陆盆地沉积通量的证据[J].地质论评,2013,59(4):665-676.Yan Z K,Li Y,Li H B,et al.Study on the uplift and denudation of Longmen Mountains since late Triassic:Evidence from the sediment flux of the Longmen Mountains Foreland Basin[J].Geological Review,2013,59(4):665-676.(in Chinese)
[20]Li G,West A J,Densmore A L,et al.Seismic mountain building:Landslides associated with the2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2014,15(4):833-844.
[21]Li Y,Zhou R,Zhao G,et al.Tectonic uplift and landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and constraints on orogenic growth:A case study from Hongchun Gully,Longmen Mountains,Sichuan,China[J].Quaternary International,2014,349:142-152.
[22]Yan Z,Li Y,Shao C,et al.Interpreting the coseismic uplift and subsidence of the Longmenshan foreland basin system during the Wenchuan earthquake by a elastic flexural model[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(2):555-566.
[23]颜照坤,李勇,黄润秋,等.龙门山北段平通河流域地貌演化过程[J].山地学报,2012,30(2):136-146.Yan Z K,Li Y,Huang R Q,et al.Geomorphic evolution process of Pingtong River watershed in the north Longmenshan,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(2):136-146.(in Chinese)
[24]Ren Z,Zhang Z,Yin J.Erosion associated with seismically-induced landslides in the middle Longmenshan region,eastern Tibetan plateau,China[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(8):864.
[25]Li G,West A J,Densmore A L,et al.Earthquakes drive focused denudation along a tectonically active mountain front[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2017,472:253-265.
[26]李勇,侯中健,司光影,等.青藏高原东缘新生代构造层序与构造事件[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):30-36.Li Y,Hou Z J,Si G Y,et al.Cenozoic tectonic sequence and tectonic events at the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):30-36.(in Chinese)
[27]许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀.中国松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.Xu Z Q,Hou L W,Wang Z X.Orogenic Processes of the Songpan-Ganze Orogenic Belt of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publish House,1992.(in Chinese)
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