城市化水平、工业化水平对空气质量的影响分析——基于湖北省16城市2005～2017年数据的时空模型
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摘要
基于湖北省16城市2005～2017年数据,应用空间计量模型研究城市化水平、工业化水平对空气SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)含量的影响。结果显示,在城市化水平中,人均GDP对空气中SO_2含量有显著负向影响,对NO_2有显著正向影响,民用汽车的数量、公路里程对城市空气中SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)含量有显著正向影响,工业化水平对空气中SO_2、NO_2显著负向影响,对PM_(10)含量有显著正向影响,人均绿地面积对空气中SO_2的含量有显著负向影响,对NO_2、PM_(10)的影响不显著。为此,必须加快产业转型升级,做好产业发展规划;必须强化城市民用汽车尾气排放检测,加强城市配套园林建设;必须建立城市绿色发展联动机制,做好区域巡查监管。
Based on the data of 16 cities in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2017, the spatial scale model was applied to study the impact on urbanization and industrialization level of the content of SO_2, NO_2 and PM_(10) in air. The results show that the per-capita GDP has significant negative effect on the content of SO_(2 )in air and significant positive effect on NO_(2, )the quantity of civil car and highway mileage have significant positive effect on SO_2, NO_2 and PM_(10) in urban air, the industrialization level has significant negative effect on SO_2 and NO_2 in air and significant positive effect on PM_(10),besides, the per-capita green space area has significant negative effect on SO_(2 )in air and whose effect on NO_2 and PM_(10) is not significant in the urbanization level. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industry and the development plan of it, strengthen the detection of exhaust emission of civil car in urbanization and garden construction of urban matching, establish a city green development linkage mechanism and regional inspection supervision.
Based on the data of 16 cities in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2017, the spatial scale model was applied to study the impact on urbanization and industrialization level of the content of SO_2, NO_2 and PM_(10) in air. The results show that the per-capita GDP has significant negative effect on the content of SO_(2 )in air and significant positive effect on NO_(2, )the quantity of civil car and highway mileage have significant positive effect on SO_2, NO_2 and PM_(10) in urban air, the industrialization level has significant negative effect on SO_2 and NO_2 in air and significant positive effect on PM_(10),besides, the per-capita green space area has significant negative effect on SO_(2 )in air and whose effect on NO_2 and PM_(10) is not significant in the urbanization level. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industry and the development plan of it, strengthen the detection of exhaust emission of civil car in urbanization and garden construction of urban matching, establish a city green development linkage mechanism and regional inspection supervision.
引文
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[23] CUNHA S.Tourism cluster comptitiveness and sustainability:Proposal for a systemic model to measure the impact of tourismon local development[J].Brazilian Administration Review,2005,2(2):47-62.
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[2] CHEBBI H E,BOUJELBENE Y.CO2 emissions,energy consumption and economic growth in Tunisia[A].//Burrell A,Heckelei T,Sckokai P.European Review of Agricultural Economics[C].UK:Oxford University Press,2008∶1-5.
[3] EHRHARDT-MARTINEZ K.Deforestation and the environmental Kuzents curve:Across-national investigation of intervening mechanisms[J].Social Seience Quarterly ,2002,83(1):226-243.
[4] ZHAO H J.CHE H Z,ZHANG X Y,et al.Characteristics of visibility and particulate matter(PM) in an urban area of Northeast China[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2013,4(4):427-434.
[5] 张丽峰.北京经济增长与空气污染关系的实证研究[J].资源开发与市场,2017(3):316-321.ZHANG L F.An empirical study on the relationship between economic growth and air pollution in Beijing[J].Resources Development & Market,2017(3):316-321.
[6] 丁镭,方雪娟,赵委托,等.城市化进程中的武汉市空气环境响应特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015(6):1038-1045.DING L,FANG X J,ZHAO W T,et al.Study on the response characteristics of Wuhan air environment in the process of urbanization[J].Resources and Environment of the Yangtze River Basin,2015 (6):1038-1045.
[7] 张生玲,王瑶,李跃.地区雾霾舆论对空气质量有影响吗[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018(8):100-106.ZHANG S L,WANG Y,LI Y.Does regional smog theory have an impact on air quality[J].Resources and Environment of the Yangtze River Basin,2018 (8):100-106.
[8] 艾小青,陈连磊,朱丽南.空气污染排放与经济增长的关系研究[J].华东经济管理,2017(3):69-76.AI X Q,CHEN L L,ZHU L N.Research on the relationship between air pollution emission and economic growth[J].East China Economic Management,2017(3):69-76.
[9] 张良,谢佳慧,徐翔.空气污染、生产资料与农业生产经营[J].财经问题研究,2017(10):119-125.ZHANG L,XIE J H,XU X.Air pollution,production materials and agricultural production and management[J].Research on Financial and Fconomic Issues,2017(10):119-125.
[10] 杨浩,张灵.京津冀地区产业结构演进及城市化进程对空气质量影响的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(6):111-119.YANG H,ZHANG L.An empirical study on the impact of industrial structure evolution and urbanization process on air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2018(6):111-119.
[11] 汤韵,梁若冰.能源替代政策能否改善空气质量[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(6):80-92.TANG Y,LIANG R B.Can energy alternative policy improve air quality[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2018(6):80-92.
[12] 刘华军,孙亚男,陈明华.雾霾污染的城市间动态关联及其成因研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(3):74-81.LIU H J,SUN Y N,CHEN M H.Study on the dynamic correlation between smog pollution and its genesis[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017(3):74-81.
[13] 蒋北辰,张媛.我国空气污染联防联控法律机制存在的问题及其对策[J].广西社会科学,2017(2):109-111.JIANG B C,ZHANG Y.Problems and countermeasures of China's air pollution Joint prevention and control legal mechanism[J].Guangxi Social Sciences,2017(2):109-111.
[14] 史耀波,王敏,赵欣欣.雾霾治理的跨界合作机制:国际经验与启示[J].国际经济合作,2016(12):66-69.SHI Y B,WANG M,ZHAO X X.Cross-border cooperation mechanism of smog governance:International experience and enlightenment[J].International Economic Cooperation,2016 (12):66-69.
[15] 任保平,田丰华.我国重点城市环境空气质量提升的制约因素及其路径选择[J].陕西师范大学学报( 哲学社会科学版),2017(3):27-36.REN B P,TIAN F H.Constraints and path selection of environmental air quality Improvement in key cities of China[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences),2017(3):27-36.
[16] 李祝平,欧阳强.长江中游城市群绿色化发展现状及对策[J].南通大学学报·社会科学版,2017(5):29-35.LI Z P,OUYANG Q.Current status and countermeasures of green development of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Nantong University·Social Science Edition,2017(5):29-35.
[17] 郝吉明,贺克斌,王书肖,等.特大城市空气改善理论与技术及期限应用[J].中国科技成果,2011(2):52-53.HAO J M,HE K B,WANG S X,et al.Theory and technology of air improvement in megacities and application of deadlines[J].Chinese Scientific and Technological Achievements,2011(2):52-53.
[18] 郑艳婷,马金英,戴荔珠,等.武汉城市群的区域性城市化特征及其动力机制[J].资源科学,2016,38(10):1948-1961.ZHENG Y T,MA J Y,DAI L Z,et al.Region- based urbanization and mechanism of Wuhan urban agglomeration[J].Resources Science,2016,38(10):1948-1961.
[19] 丁镭,刘超,黄亚林,等.湖北省城市环境空气质量时空演化格局及影响因素[J].经济地理.2016 ,36(3):170-178.DING L,LIU C,HUANG Y L,et al.Temporal and spatial evolution pattern and influencing factors of urban ambient air quality in Hubei Province[J].Economic Geography.2016,36(3):170-178.
[20] 杨冕,王银.长江经济带PM2.5时空特征及影响因素研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(1):91-100.YANG W,WANG Y.Study on the temporal and spatial characteristics and Influencing factors of PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(1):91-100.
[21] PARK S,LEE Y M.Regional model of EKC for air pollution:Evidence from the Republic of Korea[J].Energy Policy,2011,39:5840-5849.
[22] LE GALLO J.ERTUR C.Exploratory spatial data analysis of the distribution of regional per capita GDP in Europe,1980-1995[J].Papers in Regional Science,2003 ,82(2):175-201.
[23] CUNHA S.Tourism cluster comptitiveness and sustainability:Proposal for a systemic model to measure the impact of tourismon local development[J].Brazilian Administration Review,2005,2(2):47-62.
[24] NOVILLI M,SCHMITZ B,SPENCER T.Networks,clusters and innovation in tourism:A UK experience[J].Tourism Management,27(6):1141-1152.
[25] LESAGE J.PACE R.K.Introduction to spatial econometrics[M].Boca Raton:Chapman &Hall/CRC Press,2009.
[26] ELHORST.J.P.Spatial econometrics:From cross-sectional data to spatial panels[J].Berlin:Springer,2014:95-119.