计及电动汽车增程器效率优化的PWM变换器MFPR控制策略
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摘要
为了优化增程式电动汽车增程模式时的系统效率、降低系统排放,通过发动机以及发电机高效工作区的匹配,设计了增程器高效区内分段功率跟随控制策略。发动机的转速根据驱动需求功率的大小以及效率曲线设置特定工作点,分别在特定工作点连续调节发电机的转矩,实现了发动机转速和发电机转矩的解耦控制。为了保证控制系统的响应速度并提高控制的鲁棒性,在不同转速下对发电机转矩采用多比例谐振控制器(MFPR)以实现系统控制目标的快速无静差跟踪。采用频域响应特性详尽研究了多比例谐振控制器及各参数对系统动、静态性能与稳定性影响,提出了系统参数设计的方法。设计后控制系统相角裕度满足30o<γ<60o,幅值裕度满足h>6 d B,获得适合增程器发电机控制的稳定的高鲁棒性的功率跟随控制方法。最后,通过系统仿真和实验验证了所设计的功率跟随控制具有良好的动态响应与稳定性。
The key to control the range extender generation system is to improve efficiency and reduce the emission of the electric vehicle.In this paper,based on the purpose of efficiency optimization,both engine and generator are matched to get a public high-efficiency region,and a multi-point speed switching power following control strategy is presented.Engine speed is operated on the defined points according to required driving power and minimum fuel consumption curve.The engine speed is constant,and then generator torque is regulated on each constant speed points.Engine speed and generator torque are decoupled.To ensure the response characteristics of control system and improve the robustness,a multi-frequency proportional resonant controller(MFPR) is adopted to eliminate static error of generator output current.The impacts of MFPR controller parameters on system's characteristics and stability are analyzed.A general method for control system parameters design and stability design is proposed by using the control theory criterion.The phase margin of the designed control system is 30o<γ<60o,the amplitude margin is h>6 d B which meet the stability requirements.The simulation and experiment verify that the designed power following control strategy has good dynamic response and stability.
The key to control the range extender generation system is to improve efficiency and reduce the emission of the electric vehicle.In this paper,based on the purpose of efficiency optimization,both engine and generator are matched to get a public high-efficiency region,and a multi-point speed switching power following control strategy is presented.Engine speed is operated on the defined points according to required driving power and minimum fuel consumption curve.The engine speed is constant,and then generator torque is regulated on each constant speed points.Engine speed and generator torque are decoupled.To ensure the response characteristics of control system and improve the robustness,a multi-frequency proportional resonant controller(MFPR) is adopted to eliminate static error of generator output current.The impacts of MFPR controller parameters on system's characteristics and stability are analyzed.A general method for control system parameters design and stability design is proposed by using the control theory criterion.The phase margin of the designed control system is 30o<γ<60o,the amplitude margin is h>6 d B which meet the stability requirements.The simulation and experiment verify that the designed power following control strategy has good dynamic response and stability.
引文
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[14]HU J B.Improved dead-beat predictive DPC strategy of grid-connected DC-AC converters with switching loss minimization and delay compensations[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2013,9(2):728-738.
[15]沈鹏,管霖,黄振琳,等.改善系统暂态稳定性的变速风电机组线性自抗扰控制器[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2808-2815.SHEN Peng,GUAN Lin,HUANG Zhenlin,et al.Linear active disturbance rejection controller for variable-speed wind turbine to improve system transient stability[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2808-2815.
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[17]王君瑞,钟彦儒,宋卫章,等.双级矩阵变换器励磁双馈风力发电系统比例谐振控制[J].高电压技术,2013,39(5):1210-1217.WANG Junrui,ZHONG Yanru,SONG Weizhang,et al.Proportional resonant control for two stage matrix converter excited doubly-fed wind power generation system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(5):1210-1217.
[18]魏克新,孙强,冯金钊.采用DSP的三相整流器开关频率控制算法[J].高电压技术,2009,35(11):2853-2857.WEI Kexin,SUN Qiang,FENG Jinzhao.Switching frequency control algorithm in three-phase rectifier using DSP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(11):2853-2857.
[19]YEPES A G,FREIJEDO F D,GANDOY J D,et al.Effects of discretization methods on the performance of resonant controllers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(7):1692-1712.
[20]郭强,刘和平,彭东林,等.静止坐标系下电流型PWM整流器电流环控制策略研究及其参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(15):2353-2361.GUO Qiang,LIU Heping,PENG Donglin,et al.A novel control strategy and its parameter design of the current-loop in a stationary frame for current-source PWM rectifiers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(15):2353-2361.
[21]孙强,王莎莎,魏克新,等.采用比例谐振调节器的三相VSC控制系统稳定性研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3147-3155.SUN Qiang,WANG Shasha,WEI Kexin,et al.Stability study of control system based on PR regulator for three-phase VSC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3147-3155.
[22]HARNEFORS L,YEPES A G,VIDAL A,et al.Passivity-based controller design of grid-connected VSCs for prevention of electrical resonance instability[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(2):702-710.
[23]郭彦杰,王丽芳,廖承林.电动汽车用IGBT及逆变器的电磁兼容性分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(6):1732-1737.GUO Yanjie,WANG Lifang,LIAO Chenglin.Analysis of EMC characteristics on IGBT and inverter in electric vehicles[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(6):1732-1737.
[2]程夕明,孙逢春,欧阳明高.串联混合电动汽车辅助功率单元输出控制[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):69-76.CHEN Ximing,SUN Fengchun,OUYANG Minggao.Output control of an auxiliary power unit of series hybrid electric vehicle[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(4):69-76.
[3]TIAN S,CAO G J,HAN Q,et al.Modeling and decoupling control of ICE APU with uncontrolled rectifier in series hybrid vehicle[C]∥IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.Windsor,UK:IEEE,2006:1-6.
[4]戴超,张卓然,钱乐.新型双凸极无刷直流增程发电系统及其控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(7):138-144.DAI Chao,ZHANG Zhuoran,QIAN Le.A new range extender with doubly salient brushless DC generator and its control strategy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(7):138-144.
[5]WANG C F,JIN M J,SHEN J X,et a1.A permanent magnet integrated starter generator for electric vehicle onboard range extender application[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012,48(4):1625-1628.
[6]GOKASAN M,BOGOSYAN S,GOERING D J.Sliding mode based powertrain control for efficiency improvement in series hybrid-electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(3):779-790.
[7]STEWART P,GLADWIN D,STEWART J,et al.Geneator voltage stabilization for series hybrid electric vehcles[J].ISA Transactions,2008,47(2):222-228.
[8]CHOI U D,KIM K T,KIM Y N,et al.Development of the power generator for series hybrid electric vehicle[C]∥International Forum on Strategic Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:447-450.
[9]申永鹏,王耀南,孟步敏,等.增程式电动汽车增程器转速切换/功率跟随协调控制[J].中国机械工程,2015,26(12):1690-1696.SHEN Yongpeng,WANG Yaonan,MENG Bumin,et al.Cooperative control strategy of power following-speed switching in a range extender electric vehicle APU[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2015,26(12):1690-1696.
[10]SCHOUTEN N J,SALMAN M A,KHEIR N A.Fuzzy logic control for parallel hybrid vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2002,10(3):460-468.
[11]LIN C C,PENG H,GRIZZLE J W,et al.Power management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric truck[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2003,11(6):839-849.
[12]PEREZ L V,BOSSIO G R,MOITRE D,et al.Optimization of power management in an hybrid electric vehicle using dynamic programming[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2006,73(1/4):244-254.
[13]CHEN R,LUO Y G.Control system development for the diesel APU in off-road hybrid electric vehicle[J].SAE Technical Paper,2007,20(1):35-40.
[14]HU J B.Improved dead-beat predictive DPC strategy of grid-connected DC-AC converters with switching loss minimization and delay compensations[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2013,9(2):728-738.
[15]沈鹏,管霖,黄振琳,等.改善系统暂态稳定性的变速风电机组线性自抗扰控制器[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2808-2815.SHEN Peng,GUAN Lin,HUANG Zhenlin,et al.Linear active disturbance rejection controller for variable-speed wind turbine to improve system transient stability[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2808-2815.
[16]黄晶晶,张爱民,陈晓菊,等.三相电压型PWM整流器双开关表直接功率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(18):128-133.HUANG Jingjing,ZHANG Aimin,CHEN Xiaoju,et al.A double switching table based direct power control strategy for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifiers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(18):128-133.
[17]王君瑞,钟彦儒,宋卫章,等.双级矩阵变换器励磁双馈风力发电系统比例谐振控制[J].高电压技术,2013,39(5):1210-1217.WANG Junrui,ZHONG Yanru,SONG Weizhang,et al.Proportional resonant control for two stage matrix converter excited doubly-fed wind power generation system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(5):1210-1217.
[18]魏克新,孙强,冯金钊.采用DSP的三相整流器开关频率控制算法[J].高电压技术,2009,35(11):2853-2857.WEI Kexin,SUN Qiang,FENG Jinzhao.Switching frequency control algorithm in three-phase rectifier using DSP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(11):2853-2857.
[19]YEPES A G,FREIJEDO F D,GANDOY J D,et al.Effects of discretization methods on the performance of resonant controllers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(7):1692-1712.
[20]郭强,刘和平,彭东林,等.静止坐标系下电流型PWM整流器电流环控制策略研究及其参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(15):2353-2361.GUO Qiang,LIU Heping,PENG Donglin,et al.A novel control strategy and its parameter design of the current-loop in a stationary frame for current-source PWM rectifiers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(15):2353-2361.
[21]孙强,王莎莎,魏克新,等.采用比例谐振调节器的三相VSC控制系统稳定性研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3147-3155.SUN Qiang,WANG Shasha,WEI Kexin,et al.Stability study of control system based on PR regulator for three-phase VSC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3147-3155.
[22]HARNEFORS L,YEPES A G,VIDAL A,et al.Passivity-based controller design of grid-connected VSCs for prevention of electrical resonance instability[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(2):702-710.
[23]郭彦杰,王丽芳,廖承林.电动汽车用IGBT及逆变器的电磁兼容性分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(6):1732-1737.GUO Yanjie,WANG Lifang,LIAO Chenglin.Analysis of EMC characteristics on IGBT and inverter in electric vehicles[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(6):1732-1737.