贝类闭壳肌-贝壳连接界面的分子组成及连接机制
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摘要
贝类贝壳是一种生物矿化组织,其优异的力学性能使之成为生物材料学研究的重要模型,贝壳的组成分子主要包括约95%的碳酸钙晶体以及5%的有机质,其微观结构由具不同晶型和形貌的碳酸钙晶体组合而成;贝壳基质蛋白作为贝壳形成的关键性分子,对贝壳的力学性能有着重要贡献。贝类闭壳肌与贝壳的连接界面因为涉及到有机相-无机相之间的生物粘附,在生物医学工程方面同样具有重要的研究意义。但目前相关的研究还不多见,已有的报道主要围绕闭壳肌-贝壳连接界面的微观结构及蛋白质分子组成开展。贝类闭壳肌主要连接于贝壳肌棱柱层,两者之间存在一层有机质膜,形成闭壳肌-膜-肌棱柱层的连接体系,而贝壳基质蛋白,特别是肌棱柱层特有的蛋白在该界面连接中可能发挥着重要作用。
Mollusk shell is a biomineralized tissue with excellent mechanical properties, and thus, has been investigated as an excellent biomaterial and as biomineralization model over the past many years. Mollusk shell is made up of more than 95% calcium carbonate(Ca CO3) together with less than 5% organic matrix. In general, most of the adult mollusk shells found in nature are composed of various microstructures(or layers)with different morphologies. Previous studies have revealed that mollusk shell consists of organic matrices(pro-teins, polysaccharides and lipids). And out of which, the shell matrix proteins(SMPs) is undoubtedly the most important components in controlling the oriented nucleation, size regulation, and polymorphism of calcium car-bonate. On the other hand, the adductor muscle-shell attachment is involved in organic-inorganic interface and thusly has important research significant for biomedical engineering. However, current knowledge of the mechanism of the adductor muscle-shell attachment remains largely patchy. The studies so far were mainly fo-cus on the microstructure and molecular composition of this interface. It is known that the adductor muscle is attached with myostracum and a thick film that covered the surface of adductor muscle scar is firmly adhere to the myostracum layer. A muscle-film-shell junction is formed thusly and reinforced by some fibers traversed both the film and myostracum. In this interface, the shell matrix proteins that presented exclusively in the myostracum may play a key role for the attachment.
Mollusk shell is a biomineralized tissue with excellent mechanical properties, and thus, has been investigated as an excellent biomaterial and as biomineralization model over the past many years. Mollusk shell is made up of more than 95% calcium carbonate(Ca CO3) together with less than 5% organic matrix. In general, most of the adult mollusk shells found in nature are composed of various microstructures(or layers)with different morphologies. Previous studies have revealed that mollusk shell consists of organic matrices(pro-teins, polysaccharides and lipids). And out of which, the shell matrix proteins(SMPs) is undoubtedly the most important components in controlling the oriented nucleation, size regulation, and polymorphism of calcium car-bonate. On the other hand, the adductor muscle-shell attachment is involved in organic-inorganic interface and thusly has important research significant for biomedical engineering. However, current knowledge of the mechanism of the adductor muscle-shell attachment remains largely patchy. The studies so far were mainly fo-cus on the microstructure and molecular composition of this interface. It is known that the adductor muscle is attached with myostracum and a thick film that covered the surface of adductor muscle scar is firmly adhere to the myostracum layer. A muscle-film-shell junction is formed thusly and reinforced by some fibers traversed both the film and myostracum. In this interface, the shell matrix proteins that presented exclusively in the myostracum may play a key role for the attachment.
引文
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[26]MARIN F,LUQUET G,MARIE B,et al.Molluscan shell proteins:primary structure,origin,and evolution.[J].Current Topics in Developmental Biology,2008,80:209.
[27]ANSBORO S,GREISER U,BARRY F,et al.Strategies for improved targeting of therapeutic cells:implications for tissue repair[J].Eur Cells Mater,2012,23:310-318.
[28]GALTSOFF P S.The American oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin[Z]//Fishery Bulletin of Fish and Wildlife Service.Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office,1964,64:160-172.
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[32]SONG Yingfei,LU Yao,DING Haibing,et al.Structural Characteristics at the Adductor Muscle and Shell Interface in Mussel[J].Applied Biochemistry&Biotechnology,2013,171(5):1 203-1 211.
[33]ZHU Yaoyao,SUN Chengjun,SONG Yingfei,et al.The study of the adductor muscle-shell interface structure in three Mollusc species[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,35(8):57-64.
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[35]WAKEFIELD M I.Variation in the adductor muscle-scar rosette of Darwinula cicatricosa Wakefield,1994(Ostracoda,Crustacea),and comparison with other species of Darwinula[J].Journal of Micropalaeontology,1996,15(2):151-160.
[36]LEE S W,JANG Y N,KIM J C.Characteristics of the Aragonitic Layer in Adult Oyster Shells,Crassostrea gigas:Structural Study of Myostracum including the Adductor Muscle Scar[J].Evidence-Based Complementray and Alternative Medicine,2011,2011(6552):742 963.
[37]SUZUKI M,KAMEDA J,SASAKI T,et al.Characterization of the multilayered shell of a limpet,Lottia kogamogai(Mollusca:Patellogastropoda),using SEM-EBSD and FIB-TEM techniques[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2010,171(2):223.
[38]FERJANI I,FATTOUM A,MANAI M,et al.Two distinct regions of calponin share common binding sites on actin resulting in different modes of calponin-actin interaction[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2010,1804(9):1 760-1 767.
[39]ZHAO Che,REN Luquan,LIU Qingping,et al.Morphological and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations of the adductor muscle-shell interface in scallop[J].Microscopy Research&Technique,2015,78(9):761.
[40]高鹏.地中海贻贝贝壳微观结构及贝壳基质蛋白的分子多样性[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016.
[41]鲍林飞,高鹏,赵鲁苹,等.绿贻贝贝壳的微结构特征及光谱分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2014,33(4):347-353.
[2]LOMBARD S A,CHON G D,LEE J J,et al.Shell hardness and compressive strength of the Eastern oyster,Crassostrea virginica,and the Asian oyster,Crassostrea ariakensis[J].Biological Bulletin,2013,225(3):175-183.
[3]LEE S W,CHOI C S.The correlation between organic matrices and biominerals(myostracal prism and folia)of the adult oyster shell,Crassostrea gigas[J].Micron,2007,38(1):58-64.
[4]LEE S W,JANG Y N,RYU K W,et al.Mechanical characteristics and morphological effect of complex crossed structure in biomaterials:Fracture mechanics and microstructure of chalky layer in oyster shell[J].Micron,2011,42(1):60-70.
[5]TAYLOR J D,KENNEDY W J,HALL A.The shell structure and mineralogy of the Bivalvia.II.Lucinacea-Clavagellacea[J].Conclusions Bull Br Mus Nat Hist(Zool),1973,22:253-294.
[6]TAYLOR J D,REID D G.Shell microstructure and mineralogy of the Littorinidae:ecological and evolutionary significance[J].Hydrobiologia,1990,193(1):199-215.
[7]WANG Shengnan,YAN Xiaohui,WANG Rizhi,et al.A microstructural study of individual nacre tablet of Pinctada maxima[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2013,183(3):404-411.
[8]MANN S.Biomineralization Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistr y[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2001.
[9]GENIO L,KIEL S,CUNHA M R,et al.Shell microstructures of mussels(Bivalvia:Mytilidae:Bathymodiolinae)from deep-sea chemosynthetic sites:Do they have a phylogenetic significanc e[J].Deep-Sea Research I:Oceanographic Research Papers,2012,64:86-103.
[10]CHATEIGNER D,HEDEGAARD C,WENK H R.Mollusc shell microstructures and crystallographic tex ture s[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22(11/12):1 723-1 735.
[11]CARTER J G.Shell microstructural data for the Bivalvia[M]//CARTER J G,Ed.Skeletal Biomineralization:Patterns,Processes and Evolutionary Trends.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1990.
[12]HERMAN A,ADDADI L,WEINER S.Interactions of sea-urchin skeleton macromolecules with growing calcite crystals-a study of intracrystalline proteins[J].Nature,1988,331:546-548.
[13]MARIN F,LUQUET G.Molluscan shell proteins[J].Comptes Rendus Palevol,2004,3:469-492.
[14]MARIN F,LE R N,MARIE B.The formation and mineralization of mollusk shell[J].Front Biosci(Schol Ed),2012,4:1 099-1 125.
[15]XIE Liping,ZHU Fangjie,ZHOU Yujuan,et al.Molecular approaches to understand biomineralization of shell nacreous layer[J].Prog Mol Subcell Biol,2011,52:331-352.
[16]MARXEN J C,HAMMER M,GEHRKE T.Carbohydrates of the organic shell matrix and the shell-forming tissue of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata(Say)[J].Biol Bull,1998,194:231-240.
[17]WEISS I M,L譈KE F,EICHNER N,et al.On the function of chitin synthase extracellular domains in biomineralization[J].J Struct Biol,2013,183(2):216-225.
[18]MANN S.Molecular recognition in biomineralization[J].Nature,1991,332(6160):119-124.
[19]ZHANG Cen,ZHANG Rongqing.Matrix proteins in the outer shell of mollusks[J].Marine Biotechnology,2006,8(6):572-586.
[20]UPADHYAY A,THIYAGARAJAN V,TONG Y.Proteomic characterization of oyster shell organic matrix protein s(OMP).[J].Bioinformation,2016,12(5):266-278.
[21]ARIVALAGAN J,MARIE B,SLEIGHT V A,et al.Shell matrix proteins of the clam,Mya truncata:Roles beyond shell formation through proteomic study[J].Marine Genomics,2016,27:69-74.
[22]LIU Chuang,LI Shiguo,KONG Jingjing,et al.In-depth proteomic analysis of shell matrix proteins of Pinctada fucata[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:17 269.
[23]GAO Peng,LIAO Zhi,WANG Xinxing,et al.Layer-by-Layer Proteomic Analysis of Mytilus galloprovin cialis Shell.[J].Plos ONE,2015,10(7):e0137487.
[24]LIAO Zhi,BAO Linfei,FAN Meihua,et al.In-depth proteomic analysis of nacre,prism,and myostracum of Mytilus,shell[J].Journal of Proteomics,2015,122:26-40.
[25]MARIE B,JOUBERT C,TAYAL魪A,et al.Different secretory repertoires control the biomineralization processes of prism and nacre deposition of the pearl oyster shell[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(51):20 986.
[26]MARIN F,LUQUET G,MARIE B,et al.Molluscan shell proteins:primary structure,origin,and evolution.[J].Current Topics in Developmental Biology,2008,80:209.
[27]ANSBORO S,GREISER U,BARRY F,et al.Strategies for improved targeting of therapeutic cells:implications for tissue repair[J].Eur Cells Mater,2012,23:310-318.
[28]GALTSOFF P S.The American oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin[Z]//Fishery Bulletin of Fish and Wildlife Service.Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office,1964,64:160-172.
[29]ISAJI S,KASE T,TANABE K,et al.Ultrastructure of Muscle-Shell Attachment in Linnaeu s(Mollusca:Cephalopoda)[J].Veliger-Berkeley,2002,45(4):316-330.
[30]TOMPA A S,WATABE N.Ultrastructural investigation of the mechanism of muscle attachment to the gastropod shell[J].Journal of Morphology,1976,149(3):339-351.
[31]NAKAHARA H,BEVELANDER G.An electron microscope study of the muscle attachment in the mollusk Pinctada radiate[J].Texas Report on Biology and Medicine,1970,28:279-286.
[32]SONG Yingfei,LU Yao,DING Haibing,et al.Structural Characteristics at the Adductor Muscle and Shell Interface in Mussel[J].Applied Biochemistry&Biotechnology,2013,171(5):1 203-1 211.
[33]ZHU Yaoyao,SUN Chengjun,SONG Yingfei,et al.The study of the adductor muscle-shell interface structure in three Mollusc species[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,35(8):57-64.
[34]SOHN I G.The Adductor Muscle Attachment Scars in Kirkbyids(Ostracoda)[J].Micropaleontology,1996,42(4):387-389.
[35]WAKEFIELD M I.Variation in the adductor muscle-scar rosette of Darwinula cicatricosa Wakefield,1994(Ostracoda,Crustacea),and comparison with other species of Darwinula[J].Journal of Micropalaeontology,1996,15(2):151-160.
[36]LEE S W,JANG Y N,KIM J C.Characteristics of the Aragonitic Layer in Adult Oyster Shells,Crassostrea gigas:Structural Study of Myostracum including the Adductor Muscle Scar[J].Evidence-Based Complementray and Alternative Medicine,2011,2011(6552):742 963.
[37]SUZUKI M,KAMEDA J,SASAKI T,et al.Characterization of the multilayered shell of a limpet,Lottia kogamogai(Mollusca:Patellogastropoda),using SEM-EBSD and FIB-TEM techniques[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2010,171(2):223.
[38]FERJANI I,FATTOUM A,MANAI M,et al.Two distinct regions of calponin share common binding sites on actin resulting in different modes of calponin-actin interaction[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2010,1804(9):1 760-1 767.
[39]ZHAO Che,REN Luquan,LIU Qingping,et al.Morphological and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations of the adductor muscle-shell interface in scallop[J].Microscopy Research&Technique,2015,78(9):761.
[40]高鹏.地中海贻贝贝壳微观结构及贝壳基质蛋白的分子多样性[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016.
[41]鲍林飞,高鹏,赵鲁苹,等.绿贻贝贝壳的微结构特征及光谱分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2014,33(4):347-353.