长江下游雌性刀鲚生殖洄游过程中脂肪酸含量及其组分的变化
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摘要
为阐明长江刀鲚体内脂肪酸在生殖洄游过程中的转化规律,本研究采用三氟化硼甲酯化法对采自长江下游不同发育时期(Ⅲ～Ⅴ期)的雌性刀鲚洄游群体的脂肪酸进行测定,对各类脂肪酸在卵巢、肌肉和肝胰腺的组成及其含量变化作了分析。结果显示,雌性刀鲚从Ⅲ期发育至Ⅴ期,卵巢总脂肪酸含量上升了148.89 mg/g,而肌肉和肝胰腺总脂肪酸含量则分别下降了109.57和160.58 mg/g。不同发育时期,卵巢、肌肉和肝胰腺的脂肪酸组成基本相同,均含有3大类24种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)9种、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)6种和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)9种。所有脂肪酸中,以油酸(C18:1n9c)的含量最高,占各组织脂肪酸总量的18%以上。分析发现,在Ⅲ期至Ⅴ期发育过程中,雌性刀鲚肌肉中的C18:1n9c下降了86.36%,卵巢中则增加了2.62倍;必需脂肪酸C18:2n6和C18:3n3在肌肉中分别下降了74.00%和82.26%,但在卵巢中分别增加了225.87%和183.96%;肌肉中DHA (C22:6n3,二十二碳六烯酸)含量减少了2.6倍,而卵巢中却增加了近3倍,表明这些脂肪酸与繁殖活动的关系很密切。研究还发现,Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期卵巢中ARA (C20:4n6,花生四烯酸)/EPA (C20:5n3,二十碳五烯酸)的比值均小于0.46,可能预示着长江刀鲚有较好的卵子质量。
In order to elucidate the transformation rule of fatty acids in body of female Coilia nasus during the spawning migration process, the fatty acid content and its components were determined in different tissues at different ovarian developmental stages(from stage Ⅲ to stage Ⅴ) of female C. nasus collected from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The changes in the components and contents of various fatty acids in the ovary,muscle and hepatopancreas were analyzed. The results showed that the total fatty acids content in ovary increased by 148.89 mg/g, in muscle decreased by 109.57 mg/g and in hepatopancreas decreased by 160.58 mg/g, respectively, during the period of ovarian development from stages III to V. The fatty acids components of ovary,muscle and hepatopancreas are basically the same at different ovarian developmental stages. They all contain three types and 24 kinds of fatty acids, including 9 saturated fatty acids(SFA), 6 monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and 9 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). Among all the fatty acids, the content of oleic acid(C18:1 n9 c) was the highest, accounting for more than 18% of the total amount of fatty acids in each tissue. During the ovarian development from stage Ⅲ to stage Ⅴ, the content of oleic acid decreased by 86.36% in muscle, increased by 2.62 times in ovary; the content of essential fatty acids C18:2 n6 and C18:3 n3 decreased by 74.00% and 82.26% in muscle respectively, but increased by 225.87% and 183.96% respectively in ovary; the content of DHA decreased by 2.6 times in muscle, while increased by nearly 3 times in ovary. All of these showed that these fatty acids are closely related to reproductive activities. The present study also found that, the values of ARA/EPA in ovary of stage Ⅳ and stage Ⅴ were all less than 0.46, which means that female C. nasus in the Yangtze River had a good egg quality.
In order to elucidate the transformation rule of fatty acids in body of female Coilia nasus during the spawning migration process, the fatty acid content and its components were determined in different tissues at different ovarian developmental stages(from stage Ⅲ to stage Ⅴ) of female C. nasus collected from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The changes in the components and contents of various fatty acids in the ovary,muscle and hepatopancreas were analyzed. The results showed that the total fatty acids content in ovary increased by 148.89 mg/g, in muscle decreased by 109.57 mg/g and in hepatopancreas decreased by 160.58 mg/g, respectively, during the period of ovarian development from stages III to V. The fatty acids components of ovary,muscle and hepatopancreas are basically the same at different ovarian developmental stages. They all contain three types and 24 kinds of fatty acids, including 9 saturated fatty acids(SFA), 6 monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and 9 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). Among all the fatty acids, the content of oleic acid(C18:1 n9 c) was the highest, accounting for more than 18% of the total amount of fatty acids in each tissue. During the ovarian development from stage Ⅲ to stage Ⅴ, the content of oleic acid decreased by 86.36% in muscle, increased by 2.62 times in ovary; the content of essential fatty acids C18:2 n6 and C18:3 n3 decreased by 74.00% and 82.26% in muscle respectively, but increased by 225.87% and 183.96% respectively in ovary; the content of DHA decreased by 2.6 times in muscle, while increased by nearly 3 times in ovary. All of these showed that these fatty acids are closely related to reproductive activities. The present study also found that, the values of ARA/EPA in ovary of stage Ⅳ and stage Ⅴ were all less than 0.46, which means that female C. nasus in the Yangtze River had a good egg quality.
引文
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[3]袁传宓,秦安舲.我国近海鲚鱼生态习性及其产量变动状况[J].海洋科学,1984,8(5):35-37.Yuan C M,Qin A L.Ecological habits and distribution of Coilia along the Chinese coast and its changes of output[J].Marine Science,1984,8(5):35-37(in Chinese).
[4]袁传宓,秦安舲,刘仁华,等.关于长江中下游及东南沿海各省的鲚属鱼类种下分类的探讨[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1980(3):67-82.Yuan C M,Qin A L,Liu R H,et al.On the classification of the anchovies,Coilia,from the lower Yangtze River and the Soutiieast coast of China[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science Edition),1980(3):67-82(in Chinese).
[5]朱栋良.长江刀鱼的天然繁殖与胚胎发育观察[J].水产科技情报,1992,19(2):49-51.Zhu D L.Observation of natural reproduction and embryonic development of Coilia ectenes Jordan et Scale[J].Fisheries Science&Technology Information,1992,19(2):49-51(in Chinese).
[6]袁传宓.刀鲚的生殖洄游[J].生物学通报,1987(12):1-3.Yuan C M.The reproductive migration of Coilia ectenes Jordan et Seale[J].Bulletin of Biology,1987(12):1-3(in Chinese).
[7]管卫兵,陈辉辉.长江口刀鲚洄游群体和越冬群体能量利用方式[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014(4):35-40.Guan W B,Chen H H.Energy dynamics in anadromous C.ectens during spawning and overwintering in Yangtze estuary[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2014(4):35-40(in Chinese).
[8]Henderson B A,Morgan G E.Maturation of walleye by age,size and surplus energy[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2002,61(4):999-1011.
[9]罗毅平.鱼类洄游中的能量变化研究进展[J].水产科学,2012,31(6):375-381.Luo Y P.Research advances in energetic changes during fish migration:a review[J].Fisheries Science,2012,31(6):375-381(in Chinese).
[10]Mourente G,Megina C,Díaz-Salvago E.Lipids in female northern bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus L.)during sexual maturation[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2001,24:351-363.
[11]Zaboukas N,Miliou H,Megalofonou P,et al.Biochemical composition of the Atlantic bonito Sarda sarda from the Aegean Sea(eastern Mediterranean Sea)in different stages of sexual maturity[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69(2):347-362.
[12]Tocher D R.Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,2003,11(2):107-184.
[13]Shapawi R,Ebi I,Yong A S K,et al.Optimizing the growth performance of brown-marbled grouper,Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(Forskal),by varying the proportion of dietary protein and lipid levels[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,191:98-105.
[14]Sargent J,Bell G,Mcevoy L,et al.Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish[J].Aquaculture,1999,177(1-4):191-199.
[15]Izquierdo M S,Fernández-Palacios H,Tacon A G J.Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish[J].Aquaculture,2001,197(1-4):25-42.
[16]许友卿,李伟峰,丁兆坤.多不饱和脂肪酸对鱼类免疫与成活的影响及机理[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(3):551-556.Xu Y Q,Li W F,Ding Z K.Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on immunity and survival of fish and their mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(3):551-556(in Chinese).
[17]唐文乔.刀鲚的遗传多样性与资源生态研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:14-62.Tang W Q.Study on genetic diversity and resource ecology of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016:14-62(in Chinese).
[18]程起群,李思发.刀鲚和湖鲚种群的形态判别[J].海洋科学,2004,28(11):39-43.Cheng Q Q,Li S F.Morphological discrimination between two populations of Coilia ectenes[J].Marine Sciences,2004,28(11):39-43(in Chinese).
[19]王丹婷,杨健,姜涛,等.不同水域刀鲚形态的分析比较[J].水产学报,2012,36(1):78-90.Wang D T,Yang J,Jiang T,et al.A comparative study of the morphology of different geographical populations of Coilia nasus[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(1):78-90(in Chinese).
[20]郭弘艺,唐文乔.长江口刀鲚矢耳石重量与年龄的关系及其在年龄鉴定中的作用[J].水产学报,2006,30(3):347-352.Guo H Y,Tang W Q.The relationship between sagittal otolith weight-age and its use in age determination in Coilia nasus from the estuary of Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(3):347-352(in Chinese).
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