云南不同地区野生梨果实品质综合评价
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摘要
为综合比较云南野生梨果实品质特征,对云南省弥渡、南涧、宜良和祥云地区26个野生梨地方品种果实外观和内在共9项品质指标进行测定,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等对果实品质进行分析。结果表明,所采集的野生梨果实平均单果质量为326.00 g;果实硬度分布于6.67～14.90 kg/cm2之间,平均值9.34 kg/cm2;可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸及维生素C的含量均值分别为11.38%、5.17%、0.30%、3.69%。通过主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,其中第1、2、4主成分主要与果实内在风味有关,第3主成分与果实外在品质有关。将其按照品质指标的不同分为良好、中等、较差3大类,其中‘安宁小火把梨’和‘香酥梨’的综合排序较靠前,品质较好,具有推广潜力。
In order to comprehensively compare fruit quality characteristics of wild pears in Yunnan, appearance and internal quality indexes of 26 local cultivars of wild pear fruits in four regions of Midu, Nanjian, Yiliang and Xiangyun of Yunnan were measured and analyzed by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that average single fruit mass of wild pear fruits collected was 326.00 g; fruit firmness was between 6.67 and 14.9 kg/cm2, and average value was 9.34 kg/cm2; average contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C were 11.38%, 5.17%, 0.30% and 3.69%, respectively. A total of four principal components were extracted in principal component analysis, of which the first, second and fourth principal components were mainly related to intrinsic flavor in fruit, and the third principal component was related to external quality in fruit. According to quality indexes, they were divided into 3 groups: good, medium and poor. Among them, ‘Anning Xiaohuoba Pear' and ‘Crispy Pear' were foremost in comprehensive ranking, and they had better quality and had promotion potential.
In order to comprehensively compare fruit quality characteristics of wild pears in Yunnan, appearance and internal quality indexes of 26 local cultivars of wild pear fruits in four regions of Midu, Nanjian, Yiliang and Xiangyun of Yunnan were measured and analyzed by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that average single fruit mass of wild pear fruits collected was 326.00 g; fruit firmness was between 6.67 and 14.9 kg/cm2, and average value was 9.34 kg/cm2; average contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C were 11.38%, 5.17%, 0.30% and 3.69%, respectively. A total of four principal components were extracted in principal component analysis, of which the first, second and fourth principal components were mainly related to intrinsic flavor in fruit, and the third principal component was related to external quality in fruit. According to quality indexes, they were divided into 3 groups: good, medium and poor. Among them, ‘Anning Xiaohuoba Pear' and ‘Crispy Pear' were foremost in comprehensive ranking, and they had better quality and had promotion potential.
引文
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[2]田瑞,胡红菊,杨晓平,等.梨果实品质评价因子的选择[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版):农学卷,2009,6(3):8-11.
[3]鲍江峰,夏仁学,邓秀新,等.用主成分分析法选择纽荷尔脐橙品质的评价因素[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(6):663-666.
[4]刘科鹏,黄春辉,冷建华,等.‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质的主成分分析与综合评价[J].果树学报,2012,29(5):867-871.
[5]倪志华,郭娟华,辜青青,等.南丰蜜橘品质评价指标的聚类分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(4):670-673.
[6]马庆华,李永红,梁丽松,等.冬枣优良单株果实品质的因子分析与综合评价[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2491-2499.
[7]张海英,韩涛,王有年,等.桃果实品质评价因子的选择[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(8):235-239.
[8]卓春宣,陈登云.用主成分分析法选择金柑果实品质的评价因素[J].亚热带农业研究,2011,7(2):132-135.
[9]雷莹,张红艳,宋文化,等.利用多元统计法简化夏橙果实品质的评价指标[J].果树学报,2008,25(5):640-645.
[10]魏钦平,程述汉.苹果品质评价因素的选择[J].中国果树,1997(4):14-15.
[11]黄曙光,杨谷良,方传锦.运用多维价值理论对40个梨品种果品品质的评价[J].湖南林业科技,2003,30(4):26-27.
[12]赵思东,袁德义,张琳,等.16个砂梨品种丰产性及果实品质比较研究[J].中国南方果树,2006,35(6):49-51.
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[16]石连旋,颜宏.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[17]仇占南,张茹阳,彭明朗,等.北京野生软枣猕猴桃果实品质综合评价体系[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(2):45-53.
[18]曲雪艳,郎彬彬,钟敏,等.野生毛花猕猴桃果实品质主成分分析及综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(1):92-96.
[19]李坤明,胡忠荣,陈伟,等.云南栽培梨地方良种及其利用现状[J].中国南方果树,2010,39(3):64-67.
[20]田路明,董星光,曹玉芬,等.北方优势产区梨品种果实品质评价[J].中国果树,2014(5):26-32.
[21]牟红梅,于强,李庆余,等.用主成分分析法选择‘莱阳茌梨’果实品质的评价因子[J].中国果树,2018(1):23-26.
[22]FATTAHI J,FOTOUHI R,BAKHSHI D,et al.Fruit quality,anthocyanin,and cyanidin 3-glucoside concentrations of several blood orange cultivars grown in different areas of Iran[J].Horticulture Environment&Biotechnology,2009,50(4):290-294.
[23]MIKULICPETKOVSEK M,SCHMITZER V,SLATNAR A,et al.Composition of sugars,organic acids,and total phenolics in25 wild or cultivated berry species[J].Journal of Food Science,2012,77(10):C1064-C1070.
[24]SUN X,ZHU A,LIU S,et al.Integration of metabolomics and subcellular organelle expression microarray to increase understanding the organic acid changes in post-harvest citrus fruit[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2013,55(11):1038-1053.
[25]黄盖群,佟万红,桂仲争,等.不同果桑品种资源理化性状的主成分分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):19-23.
[26]李婕羚,胡继伟,李朝婵.贵州不同种植地区无籽刺梨果实品质评价[J].果树学报,2016,33(10):1259-1268.
[27]刘梦培,杜红岩,朱高浦,等.甜仁仁用杏果实形态主要评价指标的选择[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(3):38-42.
[28]陈启亮,杨晓平,田瑞,等.梨品种果实品质的分析与评价[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(22):5068-5071.
[29]曾毅,涂国信,马士祝,等.3个大理州地方优良晚熟梨品种品质分析与比较[J].林业调查规划,2014,39(3):39-42.
[30]李龙飞,林彩霞,吐尔逊阿依·达吾提,等.库尔勒香梨杂交品种(系)果实品质测定与综合评价[J].新疆农业大学学报,2014,37(2):153-158.
[31]赵思东,周建,段经华,等.引种的10个砂梨品种果实品质的分析比较[J].经济林研究,2005,23(4):42-44.
[32]胡琼,王森,张自强,等.不同批次南方鲜食枣枣吊果实品质对比分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,40(11):63-68.