摘要
服务业集聚是提高产业素质和区域竞争力的重要途径,如何更好地发挥服务业的集聚效应是区域经济发展需要探究的核心问题之一。本文将交通运输成本纳入到产业集聚与生产率关系的理论模型中,讨论了交通基础设施影响服务业集聚效应的机制。实证研究中,基于面板门限模型将样本省份划分为交通基础设施建设的高水平和低水平两组,进而利用多层线性回归模型就交通基础设施对服务业集聚效应的影响进行了检验,结果发现:在交通基础设施发达的省份,省级服务业集聚能够强化城市服务业集聚效应的发挥;在交通基础设施水平较低的省份,服务业集聚的有效范围仅局限在城市层面,省级服务业集聚对市级服务业的集聚效应难以产生促进作用。
Agglomeration of service industries is one important way to improve the industrial quality and the regional competitiveness.A key step for regional economic development is to explore how to promote the agglomeration effects of service industries.By incorporating transport costs into the theory model of the relationship between industrial agglomeration and productivity,the paper discusses the mechanism of how traffic infrastructure affects service agglomeration.In the empirical study,the samples of provinces in China are divided into a high level group and a low level group in terms of traffic infrastructure based on the panel threshold model.Then,the effects of transport infrastructure on agglomeration of service industries are tested by hierarchical linear model.The results show that in the provinces where transportation infrastructure is developed,the agglomeration of service industries at the provincial level can strengthen the urban agglomeration effects.While in the provinces where transportation infrastructure is underdeveloped,the effective range of the agglomeration of service industries is only limited to the municipal level,and the provincial service agglomeration can not improve the agglomeration effects of urban service industries.
引文
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(1)长期均衡时,地区之间自由贸易,厂商自由进入,中间厂商的产出和制造业厂商的产出比例恒定为μ(意味着交通基础设施只对成本有影响),所有厂商工资率均相同wi,整个城市劳动创造的价值=制造业的增加值+中间厂商的增加值,制造业作为最终产品,其产值Y衡量了总产值。去掉其他原始资本,所有劳动人数创造的价值增量为wiLi=Y(1-γ),因此X=(μ/(1-γ))wiLi。
(2)其中,θi=[(μ/(1-γ))1+λ((μ+γσx)/((1-ε)σx)-2)(σxλ)λ(2-μ/(1-ε))-1fλ[1μ/((1-ε)σx)]-1(cxσxλ/σxλ-1)μλ/(1-ε)μλ]1/(1-λ[1-γ/(1-ε)])。
(3)由于本文包括省份和地级市两个层面的数据,所以“地区”既包含了省份,也包含了地级市,同时本文的服务业指代统计年鉴上的第三产业。
(4)等级公路密度的单位为公里/平方公里,门限值0.425意味着每平方公里的等级公路长度为0.425公里。