厦门湾大型底栖动物分类学多样性指数及分类充分性
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摘要
以厦门湾为研究区域,收集2014—2015年大型底栖动物的调查数据,计算了大型底栖动物的分类学多样性指数,分析了分类学多样性指数与传统生物多样性指数的相关性和依从性,并从多个角度探讨大型底栖动物的分类充分性。结果表明,厦门湾大型底栖动物分类多样性指数(Δ)介于6.04—83.71之间,平均值为68.26,站位分布不均匀;分类差异性指数(Δ~*)介于74.27—99.54之间,平均值为84.23;平均分类差异指数(Δ~+)、分类差异变异指数(Λ~+)的理论平均值分别为86.82、345.0,个别站位落在95%置信区间外,表明局部区域环境受到了一定程度扰动。Δ、Δ~*与Margalef指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数呈显著相关,而Δ~+、Λ~+与传统多样性指数间无显著相关;分类学多样性指数可作为传统生物多样性指数的补充。种级、属级和科级的同一多样性指数间呈显著线性相关,拟合度较高(多数R2﹥0.9);根据三个分类水平站位的nMDS二维排序图、2-STAGE的相似性和聚类图,种级、属级和科级的群落结构一致性强,属级较种级丢失的信息约8%、科级为20%,因此在条件有限的情况下,大型底栖动物的监测与评价可根据实际的条件和需求适当将生物鉴定放宽至属水平。
Based on survey data on the macrobenthos community in Xiamen Bay during 2014—2015,the taxonomic diversity indices for macrobenthos were calculated and their correlations with traditional diversity indices were examined.The taxonomic sufficiency was also discussed in several ways. The results showed that the taxonomic diversity index( Δ)ranged from 6. 04 to 83. 71,with an average of 68. 26,and it was not evenly distributed among stations. Taxonomic distinctness( Δ~*) was in the range of 74. 27—99. 54,with an average of 84. 23. The theoretical averages of average taxonomic distinctness( Δ~+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness( Λ~+) were 86.82 and 345.0,respectively,and the results from some stations were beyond the 95% probability funnels,indicating that the environment was to some extend disturbed. Both Δ and Δ~*significantly correlated with Margalef richness index,Pielou' s evenness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Simpson diversity index,while Δ~+and Λ~+had no significantly correlation with these traditional diversity indices. The results suggested that taxonomic diversity indices could be supplementary diversity indices additional to those traditional indices. Significantly linear correlations were observed for the diversity index between any two levels among the species,genus,and family levels,with high Goodness of Fit( generally R2> 0.9). Additionally,the results of the n MDS and 2-STAGE analyses indicated that there was a great consistency in community structure under the species,genus,andfamily levels; however,compared with the species level,certain information was missed at the genus level( 8%) and family level( 20%). Therefore,we suggest that macrobenthos can be identified to the genus level rather than the species level for the monitoring and assessing macrobenthos in case that identification to species level is unrealizable.
Based on survey data on the macrobenthos community in Xiamen Bay during 2014—2015,the taxonomic diversity indices for macrobenthos were calculated and their correlations with traditional diversity indices were examined.The taxonomic sufficiency was also discussed in several ways. The results showed that the taxonomic diversity index( Δ)ranged from 6. 04 to 83. 71,with an average of 68. 26,and it was not evenly distributed among stations. Taxonomic distinctness( Δ~*) was in the range of 74. 27—99. 54,with an average of 84. 23. The theoretical averages of average taxonomic distinctness( Δ~+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness( Λ~+) were 86.82 and 345.0,respectively,and the results from some stations were beyond the 95% probability funnels,indicating that the environment was to some extend disturbed. Both Δ and Δ~*significantly correlated with Margalef richness index,Pielou' s evenness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Simpson diversity index,while Δ~+and Λ~+had no significantly correlation with these traditional diversity indices. The results suggested that taxonomic diversity indices could be supplementary diversity indices additional to those traditional indices. Significantly linear correlations were observed for the diversity index between any two levels among the species,genus,and family levels,with high Goodness of Fit( generally R2> 0.9). Additionally,the results of the n MDS and 2-STAGE analyses indicated that there was a great consistency in community structure under the species,genus,andfamily levels; however,compared with the species level,certain information was missed at the genus level( 8%) and family level( 20%). Therefore,we suggest that macrobenthos can be identified to the genus level rather than the species level for the monitoring and assessing macrobenthos in case that identification to species level is unrealizable.
引文
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[3]Laurila-Pant M,Lehikoinen A,Uusitalo L,Venesjrvi R.How to value biodiversity in environmental management?Ecological Indicators,2015,55:1-11.
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[5]唐得昊,邹欣庆,刘兴健.海岸带生态系统健康评价中能质和生物多样性的差异——以江苏海岸带为例.生态学报,2013,33(4):1240-1250.
[6]张衡,陆健健.鱼类分类多样性估算方法在长江河口区的应用.华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,(2):11-22.
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[11]徐宾铎,金显仕,梁振林.黄海鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究.中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(4):629-634.
[12]Ellingsen K E,Clarke K R,Somerfield P J.Taxonomic distinctness as a measure of diversity applied over a large scale:the benthos of the Norwegian continental shelf.Journal of Animal Ecology,2005,74(6):1069-1079.
[13]胡成业,杜肖,水玉跃,水柏年.浙江6个列岛潮间带大型底栖动物分类多样性.中国水产科学,2016,23(3):458-468.
[14]Gambi C,Vanreusel A.Biodiversity of nematode assemblages from deep-sea sediments of the Atacama Slope and Trench(South Pacific Ocean).Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,2003,50(1):103-117.
[15]Hall S J,Greenstreet S P R.Taxonomic distinctness and diversity measures:responses in marine fish communities.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1998,166:227-229.
[16]徐宾铎,任一平,叶振江,曾晓起.青岛近岸水域鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究.中国海洋大学学报,2007,37(6):907-910.
[17]曲方圆,于子山.分类多样性在大型底栖动物生态学方面的应用:以黄海底栖动物为例.生物多样性,2010,18(2):155-155.
[18]刘晓收,史书杰,周红,华尔,张志南.渤海大型底栖动物多样性及其与环境因子的关系.广西科学,2015,22(5):540-548.
[19]Salas F,Patrício J,Marcos C,Pardal M A,Pérez-Ruzafa A,Marques J C.Are taxonomic distinctness measures compliant to other ecological indicators in assessing ecological status?Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(7):817-829.
[20]刘光兴,姜强,朱延忠,陈洪举.北黄海浮游桡足类分类学多样性研究.中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(12):89-96.
[21]Kruskal J B.Nonmetric multidimensional scaling:a numerical method.Psychometrika,1964,29(2):115-129.
[22]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.A taxonomic distinctness index and its statistical properties.Journal of Applied Ecology,1998,35(4):523-531.
[23]丁兰平.两个新的群落多样性指数.海洋科学,1999,21(1):25-28.
[24]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists:variation in taxonomic distinctness.Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,216:265-278.
[25]陈杰,杨璐,杨圣云,鞠培龙,钟慧琪,杨顺良,肖佳媚,陈明茹.福建台山列岛周边海域鱼类群落分类多样性研究.南方水产科学,2016,12(1):94-101.
[26]郭玉清,张志南,慕芳红.渤海自由生活海洋线虫多样性的研究.海洋学报,2003,25(2):106-113.
[27]Purvis A,Hector A.Getting the measure of biodiversity.Nature,2000,405(6783):212-219.
[28]Ellis D.Taxonomic sufficiency in pollution assessment.Marine Pollution Bulletin,1985,16(12):459-459.
[29]Warwick R M.The level of taxonomic discrimination required to detect pollution effects on marine benthic communities.Marine Pollution Bulletin,1988,19(6):259-268.
[30]Ferraro S P,Cole F A.Taxonomic level and sample size sufficient for assessing pollution impacts on the Southern California Bight macrobenthos.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1990,67:251-262.
[31]Marchant R,Barmuta L A,Chessman B C.Influence of sample quantification and taxonomic resolution on the ordination of macroinvertebrate communities from running waters in Victoria,Australia.Marine and Freshwater Research,1995,46(2):501-506.
[32]Guerold F.Influence of taxonomic determination level on several community indices.Water Research,2000,34(2):487-492.
[33]吴东浩,徐兆安,王备新,张咏,厉以强,沈燕飞.大型底栖无脊椎动物不同分类阶元对水生态评价的影响.环境科学研究,2012,25(1):24-29.
[34]Marshall J C,Steward A L,Harch B D.Taxonomic resolution and quantification of freshwater macroinvertebrate samples from an Australian dryland river:the benefits and costs of using species abundance data.Hydrobiologia,2006,572(1):171-194.
[35]Chessman B,Williams S,Besley C.Bioassessment of streams with macroinvertebrates:effect of sampled habitat and taxonomic resolution.Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2007,26(3):546-565.
[36]Gomez Gesteira J L,Dauvin J C,Salvande Fraga M.Taxonomic level for assessing oil spill effects on soft-bottom sublittoral benthic communities.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46(5):562-572.
[37]Warwick R M,Clarke K R.A comparison of some methods for analysing changes in benthic community structure.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1991,71(1):225-244.
[38]Gray J S,Aschan M,Carr M R,Clarke K R,Green R H,Pearson T H,Rosenberg R,Warwick R M.Analysis of community attributes of the benthic macrofauna of Frierfjord/Langesundfjord and in a mesocosm experiment.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1988,46:151-165.
[39]Warwick R M.Analysis of community attributes of the macrobenthos of Frierfjord/Langesundfjord at taxonomic levels higher than species.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1988,46:167-170.
[40]Bilyard G R.The value of benthic infauna in marine pollution monitoring studies.Marine Pollution Bulletin,1987,18(11):581-585.
[41]Chapman M G.Relationships between spatial patterns of benthic assemblages in a mangrove forest using different levels of taxonomic resolution.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1998,162:71-78.
[42]Ferraro S P,Cole F A.Taxonomic level sufficient for assessing pollution impacts on the southern California Bight macrobenthos-revisited.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1995,14(6):1031-1040.
[43]Raven P H,Wilson E O.A fifty-year plan for biodiversity surveys.Science,1992,258(5085):1099-1100.
[44]Prendergast J R,Quinn R M,Lawton J H,Eversham B C,Gibbons D W.Rare species,the coincidence of diversity hotspots and conservation strategies.Nature,1993,365(6444):335-337.
[45]Moreno C E,Sanchez-Rojas G,Pineda E,Escobar F.Shortcuts for biodiversity evaluation:a review of terminology and recommendations for the use of target groups,bioindicators and surrogates.International Journal of Environment and Health,2007,1(1):71-86.
[46]Maurer D.The dark side of taxonomic sufficiency(TS).Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,40(2):98-101.
[2]李慧蓉.生物多样性和生态系统功能研究综述.生态学杂志,2004,23(3):109-114.
[3]Laurila-Pant M,Lehikoinen A,Uusitalo L,Venesjrvi R.How to value biodiversity in environmental management?Ecological Indicators,2015,55:1-11.
[4]黎燕琼,郑绍伟,龚固堂,陈俊华,朱志芳,吴雪仙,慕长龙.生物多样性研究进展.四川林业科技,2011,32(4):12-19.
[5]唐得昊,邹欣庆,刘兴健.海岸带生态系统健康评价中能质和生物多样性的差异——以江苏海岸带为例.生态学报,2013,33(4):1240-1250.
[6]张衡,陆健健.鱼类分类多样性估算方法在长江河口区的应用.华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,(2):11-22.
[7]Rogers S I,Clarke K R,Reynolds J D.The taxonomic distinctness of coastal bottom-dwelling fish communities of the North-East Atlantic.Journal of Animal Ecology,1999,68(4):769-782.
[8]Gray J S.The measurement of marine species diversity,with an application to the benthic fauna of the Norwegian continental shelf.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2000,250(1/2):23-49.
[9]Warwick R M,Clarke K R.New‘biodiversity’measures reveal a decrease in taxonomic distinctness with increasing stress.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1995,129:301-305.
[10]史赟荣,李永振,卢伟华,孙冬芳.东沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种分类多样性研究.南方水产,2009,5(2):10-16.
[11]徐宾铎,金显仕,梁振林.黄海鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究.中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(4):629-634.
[12]Ellingsen K E,Clarke K R,Somerfield P J.Taxonomic distinctness as a measure of diversity applied over a large scale:the benthos of the Norwegian continental shelf.Journal of Animal Ecology,2005,74(6):1069-1079.
[13]胡成业,杜肖,水玉跃,水柏年.浙江6个列岛潮间带大型底栖动物分类多样性.中国水产科学,2016,23(3):458-468.
[14]Gambi C,Vanreusel A.Biodiversity of nematode assemblages from deep-sea sediments of the Atacama Slope and Trench(South Pacific Ocean).Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,2003,50(1):103-117.
[15]Hall S J,Greenstreet S P R.Taxonomic distinctness and diversity measures:responses in marine fish communities.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1998,166:227-229.
[16]徐宾铎,任一平,叶振江,曾晓起.青岛近岸水域鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究.中国海洋大学学报,2007,37(6):907-910.
[17]曲方圆,于子山.分类多样性在大型底栖动物生态学方面的应用:以黄海底栖动物为例.生物多样性,2010,18(2):155-155.
[18]刘晓收,史书杰,周红,华尔,张志南.渤海大型底栖动物多样性及其与环境因子的关系.广西科学,2015,22(5):540-548.
[19]Salas F,Patrício J,Marcos C,Pardal M A,Pérez-Ruzafa A,Marques J C.Are taxonomic distinctness measures compliant to other ecological indicators in assessing ecological status?Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(7):817-829.
[20]刘光兴,姜强,朱延忠,陈洪举.北黄海浮游桡足类分类学多样性研究.中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(12):89-96.
[21]Kruskal J B.Nonmetric multidimensional scaling:a numerical method.Psychometrika,1964,29(2):115-129.
[22]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.A taxonomic distinctness index and its statistical properties.Journal of Applied Ecology,1998,35(4):523-531.
[23]丁兰平.两个新的群落多样性指数.海洋科学,1999,21(1):25-28.
[24]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists:variation in taxonomic distinctness.Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,216:265-278.
[25]陈杰,杨璐,杨圣云,鞠培龙,钟慧琪,杨顺良,肖佳媚,陈明茹.福建台山列岛周边海域鱼类群落分类多样性研究.南方水产科学,2016,12(1):94-101.
[26]郭玉清,张志南,慕芳红.渤海自由生活海洋线虫多样性的研究.海洋学报,2003,25(2):106-113.
[27]Purvis A,Hector A.Getting the measure of biodiversity.Nature,2000,405(6783):212-219.
[28]Ellis D.Taxonomic sufficiency in pollution assessment.Marine Pollution Bulletin,1985,16(12):459-459.
[29]Warwick R M.The level of taxonomic discrimination required to detect pollution effects on marine benthic communities.Marine Pollution Bulletin,1988,19(6):259-268.
[30]Ferraro S P,Cole F A.Taxonomic level and sample size sufficient for assessing pollution impacts on the Southern California Bight macrobenthos.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1990,67:251-262.
[31]Marchant R,Barmuta L A,Chessman B C.Influence of sample quantification and taxonomic resolution on the ordination of macroinvertebrate communities from running waters in Victoria,Australia.Marine and Freshwater Research,1995,46(2):501-506.
[32]Guerold F.Influence of taxonomic determination level on several community indices.Water Research,2000,34(2):487-492.
[33]吴东浩,徐兆安,王备新,张咏,厉以强,沈燕飞.大型底栖无脊椎动物不同分类阶元对水生态评价的影响.环境科学研究,2012,25(1):24-29.
[34]Marshall J C,Steward A L,Harch B D.Taxonomic resolution and quantification of freshwater macroinvertebrate samples from an Australian dryland river:the benefits and costs of using species abundance data.Hydrobiologia,2006,572(1):171-194.
[35]Chessman B,Williams S,Besley C.Bioassessment of streams with macroinvertebrates:effect of sampled habitat and taxonomic resolution.Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2007,26(3):546-565.
[36]Gomez Gesteira J L,Dauvin J C,Salvande Fraga M.Taxonomic level for assessing oil spill effects on soft-bottom sublittoral benthic communities.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46(5):562-572.
[37]Warwick R M,Clarke K R.A comparison of some methods for analysing changes in benthic community structure.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1991,71(1):225-244.
[38]Gray J S,Aschan M,Carr M R,Clarke K R,Green R H,Pearson T H,Rosenberg R,Warwick R M.Analysis of community attributes of the benthic macrofauna of Frierfjord/Langesundfjord and in a mesocosm experiment.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1988,46:151-165.
[39]Warwick R M.Analysis of community attributes of the macrobenthos of Frierfjord/Langesundfjord at taxonomic levels higher than species.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1988,46:167-170.
[40]Bilyard G R.The value of benthic infauna in marine pollution monitoring studies.Marine Pollution Bulletin,1987,18(11):581-585.
[41]Chapman M G.Relationships between spatial patterns of benthic assemblages in a mangrove forest using different levels of taxonomic resolution.Marine Ecology Progress Series,1998,162:71-78.
[42]Ferraro S P,Cole F A.Taxonomic level sufficient for assessing pollution impacts on the southern California Bight macrobenthos-revisited.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1995,14(6):1031-1040.
[43]Raven P H,Wilson E O.A fifty-year plan for biodiversity surveys.Science,1992,258(5085):1099-1100.
[44]Prendergast J R,Quinn R M,Lawton J H,Eversham B C,Gibbons D W.Rare species,the coincidence of diversity hotspots and conservation strategies.Nature,1993,365(6444):335-337.
[45]Moreno C E,Sanchez-Rojas G,Pineda E,Escobar F.Shortcuts for biodiversity evaluation:a review of terminology and recommendations for the use of target groups,bioindicators and surrogates.International Journal of Environment and Health,2007,1(1):71-86.
[46]Maurer D.The dark side of taxonomic sufficiency(TS).Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,40(2):98-101.