贵州某区域电网风机脱网事故反演与分析
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摘要
近年来贵州省大力发展风电,但其大部分风电场远离负荷中心,从地区电网末端接入,存在局部电网稳定性相对薄弱的情况。针对贵州某区域电网发生的大规模风电机组连锁脱网事故,在DIgSILENT/PowerFactory平台上采用实际参数搭建风场及电网模型,并进行事故反演仿真。基于该反演仿真,进一步梳理了事故中大规模风电机组脱网的发展过程,分析了风机脱网对该区域电网电压和频率稳定的影响。最后,基于该区域电网模型,对提高风电机组低/高电压穿越能力、应对大规模风机脱网的策略进行了验证分析,仿真实验结果表明以上策略应用到该区域电网中的具有有效性及局限性,可为研究其他区域电网类似问题提供参考。
In recent years, wind power has been rapidly developed in Guizhou,and many wind farms are far from load centers and locate in the ends of regional grids which weaken the stability of the regional grids. The paper focuses on a large-scale wind turbines tripping accident which previously occurred in a regional power grid of Guizhou province. Wind farms models and power grid models are built with actual parameters on DIgSILENT/PowerFactory platform, and the accident inversion simulations are carried out. Based on the inversion simulation results, the process of large-scale wind turbines tripping accidents are studied. The effects of wind turbine tripping on voltage and frequency stability of power grid are also analyzed. At last, the strategies which can improve the ability of low/high voltage ride through of wind turbine and avoid large-scale wind turbines tripping, are analyzed based on the regional power grid. Simulation results show the effectiveness and limitation of the strategies, which can provide a reference for similar cases in other regional power grid.
In recent years, wind power has been rapidly developed in Guizhou,and many wind farms are far from load centers and locate in the ends of regional grids which weaken the stability of the regional grids. The paper focuses on a large-scale wind turbines tripping accident which previously occurred in a regional power grid of Guizhou province. Wind farms models and power grid models are built with actual parameters on DIgSILENT/PowerFactory platform, and the accident inversion simulations are carried out. Based on the inversion simulation results, the process of large-scale wind turbines tripping accidents are studied. The effects of wind turbine tripping on voltage and frequency stability of power grid are also analyzed. At last, the strategies which can improve the ability of low/high voltage ride through of wind turbine and avoid large-scale wind turbines tripping, are analyzed based on the regional power grid. Simulation results show the effectiveness and limitation of the strategies, which can provide a reference for similar cases in other regional power grid.
引文
[1] 王丹.恒速和双馈感应风电机的稳定性研究[J].应用能源技术,2017,(10):39-43.WANG Dan.Study on the stability of constant speed and doubly-fed induction wind turbine [J].Applied Energy Technology,2017,(10):39-43.
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[3] 许铎,侯延鹏,杨钧砚,等.基于实际风电场的双馈感应风电机组联网运行特性仿真分析[J].东北电力技术,2017,38(8):47-50,55.XU Duo,HOU Yanpeng,YANG Junyan,et al.The simulation analysis of integration for doubly-fed wind generators based on actual wind farms [J].Northeast Electric Power Technology,2017,38(8):47-50,55.
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[5] 和萍,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.不同类型风电机组对小干扰和暂态稳定性的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(17):23-29,135.HE Ping,WEN Fushuan,XUE Yusheng,et al.Impacts of different wind power generators on power system small signal and transient stability [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(17):23-29,135.
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[8] DOHERTY R,MULLANE A,NOLAN G,et al.An assessment of the impact of wind generation on system frequency control [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(1):452-460.
[9] 刘国祥.大规模风电脱网对地区电网稳定性影响的研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2014.
[10] 何世恩,董新洲.大规模风电机组脱网原因分析及对策[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(1):131-137,144.HE Shien,DONG Xinzhou.Cause analysis on large-scale wind turbine tripping and its countermeasures [J] Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(1):131-137,144.
[11] 王伟,徐殿国,王琦,等.大规模并网风电场的无功电压紧急控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(22):8-14.WANG Wei,XU Dianguo,WANG Qi,et al.Reactive voltage emergency control strategy for large-scale wind farm integration [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(22):8-14.
[12] 叶希,鲁宗相,乔颖,等.大规模风电机组连锁脱网事故机理初探[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):11-17.YE Xi,LU Zongxiang,QIAO Yin,et al.A primary analysis on mechanism of large scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine generators [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(8):11-17.
[13] 张琳,仇卫东.大规模风电脱网事故的几点思考 [J].电力建设,2012,33(3):11-14.ZHANG Lin,QIU Weidong.Consideration of large-scale wind farm disconnection from grid [J].Electric Power Construction,2012,33(3):11-14.
[14] 林今,李国杰,孙元章,等.双馈风电机组的小信号分析及其控制系统的参数优化[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(5):86-90,95.LIN Jin,LI Guojie,SUN Yuanzhang,et al.Small-signal analysis and control system parameter optimization for DFIG wind turbines [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(5):86-90,95.
[15] WU Y K,YANG W H,HU Y L,et al.Frequency regulation at a wind farm using time-varying inertia and droop controls [J].IEEE Industry Applications Society,2018,55(1):213-224.
[16] 邹贤求,吴政球,陈波,等.变速恒频双馈风电机组频率控制策略的改进[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2011:23(3):63-68.ZOU Xianqiu,WU Zhengqiu,CHEN Bo,et al.Improved frequency control strategy for variable-speed constant-frequency doubly-fed induction generators with turbines [J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2011,23(3):63-68.
[17] 栗然,唐凡,刘英培,等.双馈风电场新型无功补偿与电压控制方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):16-23,180.LI Ran,TANG Fan,LIU Yingpei,et al.A new scheme of reactive power compensation and voltage control for DFIG based wind farm[J] Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):16-23,180.
[18] COSTA J P D,PINHEIRO H,DEGNER T,et al.Robust controller for DFIGs of grid-connected wind turbines [J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(9):4023-4038.
[19] PENG L,FRANCOIS B,LI Y.Improved crowbar control strategy of DFIG based wind turbines for grid fault ride-through[C]//Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,February 15-19,2009,Washington,DC,USA.New York:IEEE,2009:1-5.
[20] 朱晓东,石磊,陈宁,等.考虑Crowbar阻值和退出时间的双馈风电机组低电压穿越[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(18):84-89.ZHU Xiaodong,SHI Lei,CHEN Ning,et al.An analysis on low voltage ride through of wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator with different resistances and quitting time of crowbar [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(18):84-89.
[21] CHONGJAREARN Y.New method of setting the maximum crowbar resistance for doubly-fed induction generators under grid faults[C]//2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics,Computer,Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON),May 14-17,2014,Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand.New York:IEEE,2014:1-6.
[2] 李强,李凤婷,樊艳芳,等.风电并网对接入地区电压的影响[J].中国电力,2012,45(4):15-18.LI Qiang,LI Fengting,FAN Yanfang,et al.Voltage influence of wind power integration [J].Electric Power,2012,45(4):15-18.
[3] 许铎,侯延鹏,杨钧砚,等.基于实际风电场的双馈感应风电机组联网运行特性仿真分析[J].东北电力技术,2017,38(8):47-50,55.XU Duo,HOU Yanpeng,YANG Junyan,et al.The simulation analysis of integration for doubly-fed wind generators based on actual wind farms [J].Northeast Electric Power Technology,2017,38(8):47-50,55.
[4] 王健.双馈感应风电机群大面积脱网机理分析与预防控制研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.
[5] 和萍,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.不同类型风电机组对小干扰和暂态稳定性的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(17):23-29,135.HE Ping,WEN Fushuan,XUE Yusheng,et al.Impacts of different wind power generators on power system small signal and transient stability [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(17):23-29,135.
[6] 孙元章,林今,李国杰,等.采用变速恒频机组的风电场并网问题研究综述 [J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(3):75-80.SUN Yuanzhang,LIN Jin,LI Guojie,et al.A survey on the grid integration of wind farms with variable speed wind plant systems [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(3):75-80.
[7] 李国杰,王中,冯琳.同步化双馈风电并网控制技术[J].华东电力,2011,39(9):1386-1390.LI Guojie,WANG Zhong,FENG Lin.Wind power grid-connected control for synchronized doubly fed induction generator [J].East China Electric Power,2011,39(9):1386-1390.
[8] DOHERTY R,MULLANE A,NOLAN G,et al.An assessment of the impact of wind generation on system frequency control [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(1):452-460.
[9] 刘国祥.大规模风电脱网对地区电网稳定性影响的研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2014.
[10] 何世恩,董新洲.大规模风电机组脱网原因分析及对策[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(1):131-137,144.HE Shien,DONG Xinzhou.Cause analysis on large-scale wind turbine tripping and its countermeasures [J] Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(1):131-137,144.
[11] 王伟,徐殿国,王琦,等.大规模并网风电场的无功电压紧急控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(22):8-14.WANG Wei,XU Dianguo,WANG Qi,et al.Reactive voltage emergency control strategy for large-scale wind farm integration [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(22):8-14.
[12] 叶希,鲁宗相,乔颖,等.大规模风电机组连锁脱网事故机理初探[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):11-17.YE Xi,LU Zongxiang,QIAO Yin,et al.A primary analysis on mechanism of large scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine generators [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(8):11-17.
[13] 张琳,仇卫东.大规模风电脱网事故的几点思考 [J].电力建设,2012,33(3):11-14.ZHANG Lin,QIU Weidong.Consideration of large-scale wind farm disconnection from grid [J].Electric Power Construction,2012,33(3):11-14.
[14] 林今,李国杰,孙元章,等.双馈风电机组的小信号分析及其控制系统的参数优化[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(5):86-90,95.LIN Jin,LI Guojie,SUN Yuanzhang,et al.Small-signal analysis and control system parameter optimization for DFIG wind turbines [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(5):86-90,95.
[15] WU Y K,YANG W H,HU Y L,et al.Frequency regulation at a wind farm using time-varying inertia and droop controls [J].IEEE Industry Applications Society,2018,55(1):213-224.
[16] 邹贤求,吴政球,陈波,等.变速恒频双馈风电机组频率控制策略的改进[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2011:23(3):63-68.ZOU Xianqiu,WU Zhengqiu,CHEN Bo,et al.Improved frequency control strategy for variable-speed constant-frequency doubly-fed induction generators with turbines [J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2011,23(3):63-68.
[17] 栗然,唐凡,刘英培,等.双馈风电场新型无功补偿与电压控制方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):16-23,180.LI Ran,TANG Fan,LIU Yingpei,et al.A new scheme of reactive power compensation and voltage control for DFIG based wind farm[J] Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):16-23,180.
[18] COSTA J P D,PINHEIRO H,DEGNER T,et al.Robust controller for DFIGs of grid-connected wind turbines [J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(9):4023-4038.
[19] PENG L,FRANCOIS B,LI Y.Improved crowbar control strategy of DFIG based wind turbines for grid fault ride-through[C]//Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,February 15-19,2009,Washington,DC,USA.New York:IEEE,2009:1-5.
[20] 朱晓东,石磊,陈宁,等.考虑Crowbar阻值和退出时间的双馈风电机组低电压穿越[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(18):84-89.ZHU Xiaodong,SHI Lei,CHEN Ning,et al.An analysis on low voltage ride through of wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator with different resistances and quitting time of crowbar [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(18):84-89.
[21] CHONGJAREARN Y.New method of setting the maximum crowbar resistance for doubly-fed induction generators under grid faults[C]//2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics,Computer,Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON),May 14-17,2014,Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand.New York:IEEE,2014:1-6.