邻井随钻电磁测距防碰工具模拟试验研究
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摘要
利用水平井、加密井和丛式井开发低渗透、页岩油气等低品位油气资源时,为了防止钻井过程中相邻井发生碰撞,研制了能够精确测量邻井距离的随钻电磁测距防碰工具。在对邻井随钻电磁防碰测距导向算法研究的基础上,设计加工了邻井随钻电磁测距防碰工具原理样机,并进行了地面模拟试验,分析了探管与套管不同位置关系对邻井距离和方位测量精度的影响。模拟试验结果表明:由于磁源磁场强度较弱,探管与套管平行放置且相距0.50~3.00m时,该工具可以较准确地计算出邻井距离和方位信息;距离大于3.00m时,计算结果误差变大;套管接箍位置会造成计算结果偏差较大,因此实际测量时应充分考虑套管接箍对测量结果的影响;探管与套管的夹角不大于50°时系统计算结果较准确,夹角大于50°时需换用其他类型的防碰工具进行测量。研究结果验证了邻井随钻电磁防碰工具原理的准确性,为进一步完善邻井随钻电磁防碰系统理论及工具改进提供了理论依据。
To use horizontal wells,infill wells and cluster wells to exploit low-permeability oilfields,shale gas reservoirs and other low-quality hydrocarbon resources,it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of collisions with adjacent wells.Accordingly,while-drilling electromagnetic anti-collision tools have been developed to measure distances from adjacent wells accurately.In addition to perform researches related to algorithms for distance measuring and direction guiding,prototypes of the while-drilling electromagnetic anti-collision tools were designed and manufactured.Furthermore,simulation tests were conducted on the ground to analyze impacts of relative positions of the sensor and casing on accuracies in measuring of distances and azimuth of adjacent wells.Simulation test results showed the tool could accurately identify distances and azimuths of adjacent wells in cases with sensor and casing placed in parallel at distances of 0.50-3.00 mdue to low strengths of magnetic fields.In cases with distances over 3.00 m,calculation results displayed significant deviations.Care should be taken during field applications to consider the impacts of casing joints on measurement results.In cases with included angles between the sensor and the casing are less than 50°,the calculation results of the tool were very accurate.In cases with included angles over 50°,anticollision tools of other types should be deployed instead.Relevant research results validated the accuracy of the principle of the while-drilling electromagnetic anti-collision tool and provided reliable theoretical supports for the development of this electromagnetic detection tool.
To use horizontal wells,infill wells and cluster wells to exploit low-permeability oilfields,shale gas reservoirs and other low-quality hydrocarbon resources,it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of collisions with adjacent wells.Accordingly,while-drilling electromagnetic anti-collision tools have been developed to measure distances from adjacent wells accurately.In addition to perform researches related to algorithms for distance measuring and direction guiding,prototypes of the while-drilling electromagnetic anti-collision tools were designed and manufactured.Furthermore,simulation tests were conducted on the ground to analyze impacts of relative positions of the sensor and casing on accuracies in measuring of distances and azimuth of adjacent wells.Simulation test results showed the tool could accurately identify distances and azimuths of adjacent wells in cases with sensor and casing placed in parallel at distances of 0.50-3.00 mdue to low strengths of magnetic fields.In cases with distances over 3.00 m,calculation results displayed significant deviations.Care should be taken during field applications to consider the impacts of casing joints on measurement results.In cases with included angles between the sensor and the casing are less than 50°,the calculation results of the tool were very accurate.In cases with included angles over 50°,anticollision tools of other types should be deployed instead.Relevant research results validated the accuracy of the principle of the while-drilling electromagnetic anti-collision tool and provided reliable theoretical supports for the development of this electromagnetic detection tool.
引文
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[13]郭智勇,刘得军.一种圆环电流空间磁场数值计算方法[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(29):8715-8720.GUO Zhiyong,LIU Dejun.A numerical calculation method for spatial magnetic field of circular current[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(29):8715-8720.
[14]李峰飞,叶吉华,阳文学.电磁探测定位系统及其在救援井设计中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(1):154-159.LI Fengfei,YE Jihua,YANG Wenxue.Application of electromagnetic detection and location system in the design of relief well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(1):154-159.
[15]朱昱,高德利.井下电磁源磁场在铁磁环境下的衰变机理研究[J].石油矿场机械,2014,43(8):1-7.ZHU Yu,GAO Deli.Study on the magnetic field decay mechanism of downhole electromagnetic source in the ferromagnetic environment[J].Oil Field Equipment,2014,43(8):1-7.
[2]高德利,刁斌斌.复杂结构井磁导向钻井技术进展[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(5):1-9.GAO Deli,DIAO Binbin.Development of the magnetic guidance drilling technique in complex well engineering[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(5):1-9.
[3]梁奇敏,何俊才,董文涛,等.“井工厂”作业时直井段防碰设计与控制探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(3):302-306.LIANG Qimin,HE Juncai,DONG Wentao,et al.Anti-collision design and control of vertical section in‘well plant’mode[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(3):302-306.
[4]李翠,高德利,刘庆龙,等.邻井随钻电磁测距防碰计算方法研究[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(5):52-59.LI Cui,GAO Deli,LIU Qinglong,et al.A method of calculating of avoiding collisions with adjacent wells using electromagnetic ranging surveying while drilling tools[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(5):52-59.
[5]张凤久,罗宪波,刘英宪,等.海上油田丛式井网整体加密调整技术研究[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(5):34-40.ZHANG Fengjiu,LUO Xianbo,LIU Yingxian,et al.Research on overall encryption adjustment technology of offshore oil field[J].Engineering Science,2011,13(5):34-40.
[6]POEDJONO B,PHILLIPS W J,LOMBARDO G J.Anti-collision risk management standard for well placement[R].SPE121040,2009.
[7]李翠,高德利.救援井与事故井连通探测方法初步研究[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(3):56-61.LI Cui,GAO Deli.Preliminary research on detection method for connecting relief well to blowoutwell[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(3):56-61.
[8]刁斌斌.邻井距离随钻电磁探测与扫描监测计算方法研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院,2012.DIAO Binbin.Research on calculation methods for scanning monitoring&electromagnetic detection of adjacent well distance while drilling[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),College of Petroleum Engineering,2012.
[9]李翠,高德利,刁斌斌,等.基于三电极系救援井与事故井连通探测系统[J].石油学报,2013,34(6):1181-1188.LI Cui,GAO Deli,DIAO Binbin,et al.A detection system based on three-electrode array for connecting a relief well to failure well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(6):1181-1188.
[10]WU Zhiyong,GAO Deli,DIAO Binbin.An investigation of electromagnetic anti-collision real-time measurement for drilling cluster wells[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2015,23:346-355.
[11]郭智勇,刘得军,李常友,等.相邻磁化磁体单元磁场等效合并特性分析[J].海军工程大学学报,2014,26(3):52-56.GUO Zhiyong,LIU Dejun,LI Changyou,et al.Magnetic field characteristic analysis of equivalent-combined adjacent magnetized magnet elements[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2014,26(3):52-56.
[12]陈小斌,赵国泽.关于人工源极低频电磁波发射源的讨论:均匀空间交流点电流源的解[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2158-2164.CHEN Xiaobin,ZHAO Guoze.Study on the transmitting mechanism of CSELF waves:response of the alternating current point source in the uniform space[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(8):2158-2164.
[13]郭智勇,刘得军.一种圆环电流空间磁场数值计算方法[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(29):8715-8720.GUO Zhiyong,LIU Dejun.A numerical calculation method for spatial magnetic field of circular current[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(29):8715-8720.
[14]李峰飞,叶吉华,阳文学.电磁探测定位系统及其在救援井设计中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(1):154-159.LI Fengfei,YE Jihua,YANG Wenxue.Application of electromagnetic detection and location system in the design of relief well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(1):154-159.
[15]朱昱,高德利.井下电磁源磁场在铁磁环境下的衰变机理研究[J].石油矿场机械,2014,43(8):1-7.ZHU Yu,GAO Deli.Study on the magnetic field decay mechanism of downhole electromagnetic source in the ferromagnetic environment[J].Oil Field Equipment,2014,43(8):1-7.