黄河北煤田定向钻进精准注浆防治水技术研究
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摘要
为有效治理我国黄河北煤田开采面临的水害问题,以邱集煤矿定向钻孔注浆防治11煤的灰岩水为例,结合瞬变电磁和抽水试验结果,分析了11煤层的顶板四灰、五灰及底板徐灰、奥灰水害的富水性程度。基于"超前区域治水"、"水源-通道一体化治理"的理念,以及含水层富水不均一的区域特征,提出了梅花式和上、下穿层式的分支钻孔钻进方式,以及井上、下水文观测孔水压实时监控的含水层裂隙精准注浆技术,以此为基础对11煤首个治理区域顶板含水层施工了6个主孔、25个分支孔,累计进尺12 011 m,累计注浆量104 880 t。结果表明:定向钻孔注浆实施精准控制后,11煤顶板四灰、五灰含水层治理区域的富水异常区基本消失,含水层渗透系数降为0.010 4 m/d,观测孔涌水量由注浆前的40～260 m~3/h降到5 m~3/h以下,使得二水平暗斜井得以顺利掘进,实现了11煤的成功揭露,为解放6 000万t的煤炭资源提供了安全保障和指导作用,说明梅花式和上、下穿层式的分支钻孔钻进方式和井上、下水文观测孔水压实时监控的精准注浆技术,能够有效地填充四灰、五灰含水层裂隙及隐蔽导水通道,实现分支孔中浆液扩散范围的精准控制。
In order to solve the water disaster of limestone in the north of Huanghe coalfield,the authors take the directional drilling grouting to control the water inrush of No.11 coal seam in Qiuji coal mine as an example. Firstly,the water abundance of roof and floor limestone were analyzed,combining with the results of transient electromagnetic and pumping tests; then,the precise grouting technology,involving the drilling modes of plum blossoms and upper and lower strata pentration,and the real-time monitoring of hydrological observation boreholes was brought up based on the idea of controlling territorial water inrush in advance and integration treatment of water source and channel,and the characteristics of inhomogeneous water abundance; at last,a total of six main drillings including 25 branch holes were constructed with 12 011 m of drilling footage and 104 880 tons of grout amount. The results showed that after precise grouting to control grout diffusion,the water abundance region of No.4 and No.5 limestone as the roof of No.11 coal seam almost disappears,and the permeability coefficient of roof aquifer decreases to 0.010 4 m/d,meanwhile,the water flow of observation boreholes drops to less than 5 m~3/h from 40 ～ 260 m~3/h before grouting,realizing the safe tunneling of blind incline shaft to sucessfully disclose the No.11 coal seam,and providing the safety guarantee and guidance for 60 million tons of coal reserves. The precise grouting technology to drillinng modes of plum blossoms and upper and lower strata pentration,and the real-time monitoring of hydrological observation borehole could effectively fill the cracks and covert water channels of limestone aquifer,and accurately control the range of slurry diffusion,which provide the scientific gudance to the similar coalfield encounted.
In order to solve the water disaster of limestone in the north of Huanghe coalfield,the authors take the directional drilling grouting to control the water inrush of No.11 coal seam in Qiuji coal mine as an example. Firstly,the water abundance of roof and floor limestone were analyzed,combining with the results of transient electromagnetic and pumping tests; then,the precise grouting technology,involving the drilling modes of plum blossoms and upper and lower strata pentration,and the real-time monitoring of hydrological observation boreholes was brought up based on the idea of controlling territorial water inrush in advance and integration treatment of water source and channel,and the characteristics of inhomogeneous water abundance; at last,a total of six main drillings including 25 branch holes were constructed with 12 011 m of drilling footage and 104 880 tons of grout amount. The results showed that after precise grouting to control grout diffusion,the water abundance region of No.4 and No.5 limestone as the roof of No.11 coal seam almost disappears,and the permeability coefficient of roof aquifer decreases to 0.010 4 m/d,meanwhile,the water flow of observation boreholes drops to less than 5 m~3/h from 40 ～ 260 m~3/h before grouting,realizing the safe tunneling of blind incline shaft to sucessfully disclose the No.11 coal seam,and providing the safety guarantee and guidance for 60 million tons of coal reserves. The precise grouting technology to drillinng modes of plum blossoms and upper and lower strata pentration,and the real-time monitoring of hydrological observation borehole could effectively fill the cracks and covert water channels of limestone aquifer,and accurately control the range of slurry diffusion,which provide the scientific gudance to the similar coalfield encounted.
引文
[1]戴思攀.BP世界能源统计年鉴[R].伦敦:英国石油公司,2018.
[2]马凯,尹立明,陈军涛,等.深部开采底板隔水关键层受局部高承压水作用破坏理论分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(9):1-10.MA Kai,YIN Liming,CHEN Juntao,et al.Theoretical analysis of failure of key aquifuge of floor under the role of local high confined water in deep mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(9):1-10.
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[6]白继文,李术才,刘人太,等.深部岩体断层滞后突水多场信息监测预警研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2327-2335.BAI Jiwen,LI Shucai,LIU Rentai,et al.Muliti-field information monitoring and warning of delayed water bursting deep rock fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2327-2335.
[7]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿防治水准则[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2018:56-60.
[8]冯洁,王苏健,邓世龙,等.渭北奥灰承压水矿区煤炭开采对水资源的影响及保护[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(S1):269-276.FENG Jie,WANG Sujian,DENG Shilong,et al.Influence and protection of confined water resources by coal seam mining in Weibei Coal Mining Area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(S1):269-276.
[9]李海燕,胥洪彬,李召峰,等.深部巷道断层涌水治理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(3):635-648.LI Haiyan,XU Hongbin,LI Zhaofeng,et al.Study on treatment of fault water gushing in deep roadway[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(3):635-648.
[10]ZHANG Shichuan,GUO Weijia,LI Yangyang,et al.Experimental simulation of fault water inrush channel evolution in a coal mine floor[J].Mine Water and the Environment,2017,36(3):1-9.
[11]ZHANG Shichuan,LI Yangyang,XU Cuicui.Application of black box model for height prediction of the fractured zone in coal mining[J].Geomechanics and Engineering,2017,13(6):997-1010.
[12]张党育.深部开采矿井水害区域治理关键技术研究及发展[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(8):8-12.ZHANG Dangyu.Research and development on key technology of mine water disaster regional control in deep mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(8):8-12.
[13]袁辉,邓昀,蒲朝阳,等.L型地面钻孔注浆技术在矿井水害防治中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(4):171-175.YUAN Hui,DENG Yun,PU Chaoyang,et al.Grouting technology of L type surface borehole applied to water disaster prevention in mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(4):171-175.
[14]赵庆彪,毕超,虎维岳,等.裂隙含水层水平孔注浆“三时段”浆液扩散机理研究及应用[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1212-1218.ZHAO Qingbiao,BI Chao,HU Weiyue,et al.Study and application of three-stage seriflux diffusion mechanism in the fissure of aquifer with horizontal injection hole[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1212-1218.
[15]靳德武.我国煤矿水害防治技术新进展及其方法论思考[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(5):141-147.JIN Dewu.New development of water disaster prevention and control technology in China coal mine and consideration on methodology[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(5):141-147.
[16]GB 51070-2014.煤炭矿井防治水设计规范[S].
[2]马凯,尹立明,陈军涛,等.深部开采底板隔水关键层受局部高承压水作用破坏理论分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(9):1-10.MA Kai,YIN Liming,CHEN Juntao,et al.Theoretical analysis of failure of key aquifuge of floor under the role of local high confined water in deep mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(9):1-10.
[3]陈星明,曹树凯.石炭-二叠系煤层底板高承压岩溶水防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(3):182-187.CHEN Xingming,CAO Shukai.Prevention and control technology of high pressure karst water from permo-Carboniferous seam floor[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(3):182-187.
[4]郭惟嘉,张士川,孙文斌,等.深部开采底板突水灾变模式及试验应用[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):219-227.GUO Weijia,ZHANG Shichuan,SUN Wenbin,et al.Experimental and analysis research on water inrush catastrophe mode from coal seam floor in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):219-227.
[5]尹立明,郭惟嘉,路畅.深井底板突水模式及其突变特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(3):459-463.YIN Liming,GUO Weijia,LU Chang.Patterns of the water-inrush hazard in the floor strata in deep mines and its catastrophic characteristics[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):459-463.
[6]白继文,李术才,刘人太,等.深部岩体断层滞后突水多场信息监测预警研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2327-2335.BAI Jiwen,LI Shucai,LIU Rentai,et al.Muliti-field information monitoring and warning of delayed water bursting deep rock fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2327-2335.
[7]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿防治水准则[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2018:56-60.
[8]冯洁,王苏健,邓世龙,等.渭北奥灰承压水矿区煤炭开采对水资源的影响及保护[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(S1):269-276.FENG Jie,WANG Sujian,DENG Shilong,et al.Influence and protection of confined water resources by coal seam mining in Weibei Coal Mining Area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(S1):269-276.
[9]李海燕,胥洪彬,李召峰,等.深部巷道断层涌水治理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(3):635-648.LI Haiyan,XU Hongbin,LI Zhaofeng,et al.Study on treatment of fault water gushing in deep roadway[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(3):635-648.
[10]ZHANG Shichuan,GUO Weijia,LI Yangyang,et al.Experimental simulation of fault water inrush channel evolution in a coal mine floor[J].Mine Water and the Environment,2017,36(3):1-9.
[11]ZHANG Shichuan,LI Yangyang,XU Cuicui.Application of black box model for height prediction of the fractured zone in coal mining[J].Geomechanics and Engineering,2017,13(6):997-1010.
[12]张党育.深部开采矿井水害区域治理关键技术研究及发展[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(8):8-12.ZHANG Dangyu.Research and development on key technology of mine water disaster regional control in deep mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(8):8-12.
[13]袁辉,邓昀,蒲朝阳,等.L型地面钻孔注浆技术在矿井水害防治中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(4):171-175.YUAN Hui,DENG Yun,PU Chaoyang,et al.Grouting technology of L type surface borehole applied to water disaster prevention in mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(4):171-175.
[14]赵庆彪,毕超,虎维岳,等.裂隙含水层水平孔注浆“三时段”浆液扩散机理研究及应用[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1212-1218.ZHAO Qingbiao,BI Chao,HU Weiyue,et al.Study and application of three-stage seriflux diffusion mechanism in the fissure of aquifer with horizontal injection hole[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1212-1218.
[15]靳德武.我国煤矿水害防治技术新进展及其方法论思考[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(5):141-147.JIN Dewu.New development of water disaster prevention and control technology in China coal mine and consideration on methodology[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(5):141-147.
[16]GB 51070-2014.煤炭矿井防治水设计规范[S].