山桐子花芽分化及雌雄配子体发育
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摘要
利用常规石蜡切片技术对山桐子花芽分化与配子体的发育过程进行研究。结果表明,山桐子花芽分化可划分为6个时期:花芽未分化期、花芽分化初期、花序轴分化期、花序分化期、花器官分化期、雌雄蕊形成期。山桐子的花芽分化始于8月下旬,在形成花序轴原基之后进入休眠期。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层(2~3层)、绒毡层组成。小孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成四分体,四分体为四面体结构,成熟花粉为2-细胞型。子房1室,多胚珠;胚珠倒生;双珠被,厚珠心;大孢子四分体为直线型,合点端大孢子发育成功能大孢子,胚囊发育为蓼型。
The paraffin section method was used to observe the process of flower bud differentiation and gametophyte development of Idesia polycarpa.The results showed that the floral bud differentiation could be divided into six stages:before floral bud differentiation stage,initial floral bud differentiation stage,rachis differentiation stage,inflorescence differentiation stage,floral organ differentiation stage,and floral organ formative stage.Floral bud differentiation started in August and ended when rachis primordium developed.The consistent of wall of anther were epidermis,endothecium,two or three middle layers and tapetum from surface to inside.Cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis was of the continuous type.Microsporocyte tetrads were tetrahedral.Mature pollen grains were 2-celled.The ovary was one locular.Ovules were anatropous,bitegminous and crassinucellate.The meiosis of megaspore mother cell was normal.The megaspore tetrad was linear,but only the megaspore near the chalazal last remained.The formation of embryo sac was polygonum type.
The paraffin section method was used to observe the process of flower bud differentiation and gametophyte development of Idesia polycarpa.The results showed that the floral bud differentiation could be divided into six stages:before floral bud differentiation stage,initial floral bud differentiation stage,rachis differentiation stage,inflorescence differentiation stage,floral organ differentiation stage,and floral organ formative stage.Floral bud differentiation started in August and ended when rachis primordium developed.The consistent of wall of anther were epidermis,endothecium,two or three middle layers and tapetum from surface to inside.Cytokinesis in the microsporocyte meiosis was of the continuous type.Microsporocyte tetrads were tetrahedral.Mature pollen grains were 2-celled.The ovary was one locular.Ovules were anatropous,bitegminous and crassinucellate.The meiosis of megaspore mother cell was normal.The megaspore tetrad was linear,but only the megaspore near the chalazal last remained.The formation of embryo sac was polygonum type.
引文
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[12]王艳梅,姚顺阳,刘宇新,等.3种源山桐子冬芽休眠及萌发的温度特性分析[J].河南科学,2013,31(12):2160-2165.WANG Y M,YAO S Y,LIU Y X,et al.The temperature characteristics of Idesia polycarpa winter buds dormancy and sprouting from three provenances[J].Henan Science,2013,31(12):2160-2165.(in Chinese)
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[14]PAYER J B.Traitédorganogénic comparée de La tleur[M].Paris:Victor Masson,1857.
[15]赖书绅.中国大风子科研究资料[J].植物研究,1994(3):221-230.
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[2]刘根林,梁珍海,蒋泽平.山桐子研究综述[J].江苏林业科技,2005,32(5):46-49.
[3]曲波,张微,陈旭辉,等.植物花芽分化研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):109-114.QU B,ZHANG W,CHEN X H,et al.Research progress of flower bud differentiation mechanism of plant[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(24):109-114.(in Chinese)
[4]王彩云,高莉萍,鲁涤非,等.‘厚瓣金桂’桂花花芽形态分化的研究[J].园艺学报,2002,29(1):52-56.WANG C Y.GAO L P,LU D F,et al.A study on morphological differentiation of flower bud of Osmanthus fragrans‘Houban Jingui’[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2002,29(1):52-56.(in Chinese)
[5]岁立云,刘晓敏,李周岐,等.山桐子果实性状的自然变异及类型划分[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(8):115-120.SUI L Y,LIU X M,LI Z Q,et al.Natural variation and variation types of fruit characters of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Nat.Sci.Ed.,2009,37(8):115-120.(in Chinese)
[6]刘晓敏,岁立云,李周岐,等.促进山桐子种子萌发技术研究[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):324-327.LIU X M,SUI L Y,LI Z Q,et al.Studies on technique of improving seed germination of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2009,18(4):324-327.(in Chinese)
[7]YANG F X,SU Y Q,LI X H,et al.Preparation of biodiesel from Idesia polycarpa var.vestita fruit oil[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2009,29:622-628.
[8]祝志勇,王强,阮晓,等.不同地理居群山桐子的果实含油率与脂肪酸含量[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):176-180.ZHU Z Y,WANG Q,RUAN X,et al.Analysis of oil rate and fatty acids content of Idesia polycarpafruits from different geographical populations[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(5):176-180.(in Chinese)
[9]李正理.植物组织制片学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996.
[10]艾云苾,刘爱青,韩婧,等.冬季土壤自然封冻始期4个品种芍药的花芽发育状态[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(3):119-123.AI Y B,LIU A Q,HAN J,et al.Floral bud differentiation stage of 4peony cultivars in the initial period of soil naturally frozen in winter[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(3):119-123.(in Chinese)
[11]杨恒,魏安智,杨途熙,等.核果类果树设施栽培的主要增产技术途径分析[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(4):61-64.YANG H,WEI A Z,YANG T X,et al.An analysis on main technical approaches of increasing production of drupe fruit tree cultivation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2004,19(4):61-64.(in Chinese)
[12]王艳梅,姚顺阳,刘宇新,等.3种源山桐子冬芽休眠及萌发的温度特性分析[J].河南科学,2013,31(12):2160-2165.WANG Y M,YAO S Y,LIU Y X,et al.The temperature characteristics of Idesia polycarpa winter buds dormancy and sprouting from three provenances[J].Henan Science,2013,31(12):2160-2165.(in Chinese)
[13]赵林森,徐锡增,崔培毅,等.雌雄异株树种植株性别鉴定的研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,1998,22(1):71-74.ZHAO L S,XU X Z,CUI P Y,et al.Advances in sex identification of dioecious plants[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences,1998,22(1):71-74.(in Chinese)
[14]PAYER J B.Traitédorganogénic comparée de La tleur[M].Paris:Victor Masson,1857.
[15]赖书绅.中国大风子科研究资料[J].植物研究,1994(3):221-230.
[16]樊国盛.山桐子属Idesia Maxim.nom.Cons[J].西南林学院学报,1995,15(3):28-31.