单次高原运动对人体氧化压力和代谢压力的急性影响研究
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摘要
旨在讨论高原与低海拔环境下单次有氧耐力运动后造成氧化压力和代谢压力的差异.招募38名大学生(男生20人,女生18人,平均年龄21.5±1.5岁,平均身高168.9±10.5 cm,平均体质量59.3±12.6 kg),全部受试者均须在高原和低海拔两种环境下进行耐力蹬车运动,分析受试者静息状态,运动后即刻,运动后10 min,运动后60 min,运动后120 min,运动后240 min的血液生化指标变化.利用双因素方差分析检验两种环境下耐力运动后的血液生化指标差异.研究发现高原环境进行耐力训练后红细胞比容、乳酸、尿酸显著高于低海拔环境(p<0.05).高原耐力运动后血浆总蛋白、羰基蛋白、硫代巴比妥酸反应物、氮氧化物浓度、超氧歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性与低海拔相比差异无统计学意义(p>0.05).认为急性高原耐力运动与在低海拔环境进行的耐力运动对机体造成的氧化压力基本一致,但代谢压力远大于低海拔环境.高原环境下耐力运动后运动员的葡萄糖浓度显著降低,红细胞比容显著上升,其可能与低氧环境下机体水分大量散失、造成血浆总量下降有关.
Studies have been done to compare the effects of high-altitude and sea-level acute endurance exercises on oxidative stress. 38 healthy subjects(20 men and 18 women, age: 21.5±1.5 yrs, height: 168.9±10.5 cm, weight: 59.3±12.6 kg) have been recruited and randomly assigned to high-altitude or sea-level environment for acute endurance exercise. Blood samples have been collected at resting, post-exercise, post-exercise 10 min, post-exercise 60 min, post-exercise 120 min, and post-exercise 240 min for analyzing the plasma biochemical indicators. All data have been denoted by the mean±standard error. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was adopted to test the mean differences. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results show that environmental effects on hematocrit, lactate, uric acid and were significantly higher at high altitude than those at sea level(p<0.05). After endurance exercise in high-altitude environment, total plasma proteins, carbonyl proteins, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, nitrogen oxides concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity and catalase activity are non-significantly different from those in sea-level environment(p>0.05). It is concluded that acute endurance exercise at high altitude(2 400 m) might not cause oxidative stress, but would increase metabolic stress.
Studies have been done to compare the effects of high-altitude and sea-level acute endurance exercises on oxidative stress. 38 healthy subjects(20 men and 18 women, age: 21.5±1.5 yrs, height: 168.9±10.5 cm, weight: 59.3±12.6 kg) have been recruited and randomly assigned to high-altitude or sea-level environment for acute endurance exercise. Blood samples have been collected at resting, post-exercise, post-exercise 10 min, post-exercise 60 min, post-exercise 120 min, and post-exercise 240 min for analyzing the plasma biochemical indicators. All data have been denoted by the mean±standard error. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was adopted to test the mean differences. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results show that environmental effects on hematocrit, lactate, uric acid and were significantly higher at high altitude than those at sea level(p<0.05). After endurance exercise in high-altitude environment, total plasma proteins, carbonyl proteins, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, nitrogen oxides concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity and catalase activity are non-significantly different from those in sea-level environment(p>0.05). It is concluded that acute endurance exercise at high altitude(2 400 m) might not cause oxidative stress, but would increase metabolic stress.
引文
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[2] 甘春龙,赵晋,徐杨,等.高原—平原交替训练与高原—亚高原交替训练对运动员肺功能的影响 [J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2013,12(6):56-60.
[3] SANO A,KOSHINAKA K,ABE N,et al.The Effect of High-intensity Intermittent Swimming on Post-exercise Glycogen Supercompensation in Rat Skeletal Muscle [J].The Journal of Physiological Sciences,2012,62(1):1-9.
[4] 刘宪瑞.单次高原运动对人体氧化压力的影响 [J].基因组学与应用生物学,2018,37(12):5528-5537.
[5] 康喜来.世居高原运动员高、 平原训练与比赛期间部分生理指标对比研究 [J].天津体育学院学报,2008,23(2):155-158.
[6] HEINONEN I,KEMPPAINEN J,KASKINORO K,et al.Effects of Adenosine,Exercise,and Moderate Acute Hypoxia on Energy Substrate Utilization of Human Skeletal Muscle [J].American Journal of Physiology Integrative and Comparative Physiology,2012,302(2):385-390.
[7] TSOLAKIS C,BOGDANIS G C,NIKOLAOU A,et al.Influence of Type of Muscle Contraction and Gender on Postactivation Potentiation of Upper and Lower Limb Explosive Performance in Elite Fencers [J].Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,2011,10(3):577-583.
[8] 周磊.对我国优秀女子短距离游泳运动员冬训期高原训练生理生化监控及机能评定[D].武汉:湖北大学,2012.
[9] CERMAK N M,VAN LOON L J.The Use of Carbohydrates During Exercise as an Ergogenic Aid [J].Sports Medicine,2013,43(11):1139-1155.
[10] REQUENA B,ZABALA M,RIBAS J.Effect of Post-tetanic Potentiation of Pectoralis and Triceps Brachii Muscles on Bench Press Performance [J].The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2005,19(3):622-627.
[11] MATTHEWS M,O’CONCHUIR C,COMFORT P.The Acute Effects of Heavy and Light Resistances on the Flight Time of a Basketball Push-pass During Upper Body Complex Training [J].The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2007,23(7):1988-1995.
[12] BATISTA M A,ROSCHEL H,BARROSO R.Influence of Strength Training Background on Postactivation Potentiation Response [J].The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2011,25(9):2496-2502.
[13] FERREIRA S L,PANISSA V L,MIARKA B,et al.Postactivation Potentiation:Effect of Various Recovery Intervals on Bench Press Power Performance [J].Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2012,26(3):739-744.
[14] LIPPI G,MONTAGNANA M,SALVAGNO G L,et al.Glycaemic Control in Athletes [J].International Journal of Sports Medicine,2008,29(1):7-10.
[15] GARRY J P,MCSHANE J J.Analysis of Lipoproteins and Body Mass Index in Professional Football Players [J].Preventive Cardiology,2001,4(3):103-108.
[16] 沈艳梅,楼霞.不同性别游泳运动员高原训练生理生化的监控研究 [J].辽宁体育科技,2010,32(3):31-33.
[17] CHOATE N,FORSTER C,ALMQUIST J,et al.The Prevalence of Overweight in Participants in High School Extramural Sports [J].Journal of Adolescent Health,2007,40(3):283-285.
[18] YAMAMOTO J B,YAMAMOTO B E,YAMAMOTO P P,et al.Epidemiology of College Athlete Sizes,1950s to Current [J].Research in Sports Medicine,2008,16(2):111-127.
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[23] JEUKENDRUP A E.Nutrition for Endurance Sports:Marathon,Triathlon,and Road Cycling [J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2011,29(Suppl 1):91-99.
[24] 蒋丽,殷维瑶,刘建.EPAS1基因 rs6756667多态性与藏族运动员的有氧运动能力 [J].中国组织工程研究,2016,20(20):2957-2963.
[25] RICHTER E A,HARGREAVES M.Exercise,GLUT4,and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake [J].Physiological Reviews,2013,93(3):993-1017.