营养生长期亏缺灌溉对三七生长及根区微环境的影响
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摘要
以2年生三七为研究对象,设置4个水分处理模式——常规灌溉和3种水分亏缺灌溉(分别灌水至田间持水量的60%、50%、40%),比较分析在三七营养生长期不同水分处理对土壤微环境及三七生长的影响。结果表明:轻度水分亏缺(灌水至田间持水量的60%),三七的叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、剪口长增长量均达到较高水平;土壤中细菌占微生物菌落数的比例较大,与微生物总菌数的变化趋势相同;随水分亏缺度增大,土壤中真菌菌落数呈先增加后减少的趋势,放线菌与细菌菌落数呈逐渐减少的趋势;土壤酶活性呈先增后减的趋势;当水分亏缺度为田间持水量的50%时,脲酶活性达到最大,为0.15 mg/(g·d);当水分亏缺度为田间持水量的60%时,过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性最大,分别为3.57 mL/g、439.5μg/(g·d);土壤中放线菌、细菌菌落数和酸性磷酸酶活性与三七的株高、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽和剪口长增长量呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。在本试验中,营养生长期大棚栽培的三七实行土壤含水量为田间持水量的60%的灌溉方式为最佳方案。
Treating the two-year-old Panax notoginseng by 4 water irrigation settings, conventional irrigation and 3 kinds of water deficit irrigation(irrigation to 60%, 50%, 40% of field capacity), we studied the effects of different water treatments on the soil microenvironment and the growth of Panax notoginseng in the vegetative growth stage. The results showed that in the mild water deficit(irrigation to 60% of the field capacity), the leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and cut length of Panax notoginseng gained a high level. For the soil microorganisms, bacteria accounted for the largest proportion of microbial colonies in each treatment. The maximum trend was the same as the total soil microbial count. With the increase of water deficit, the number of fungal colonies increased first and then decreased, and the number of actinomycetes and bacterial colonies showed a decreasing trend. Soil enzyme activity showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. With the 50% of the field capacity, the urease activity got the maximum, 0.15 mg/(g·d). With the 60% of the field capacity, the catalase and acid phosphatase activities were the highest, 3.57 m L/g and 439.5 μg/(g·d) respectively. The number of actinomycetes and bacteria colonies and acid phosphatase activity in soil were significantly correlated with the increment of the plant height, petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and cuts length of Panax notoginseng(P<0.01). It can be concluded that the 60% of the field capacity was the best solution in the greenhouse cultivation in the vegetative growth stage in this study.
Treating the two-year-old Panax notoginseng by 4 water irrigation settings, conventional irrigation and 3 kinds of water deficit irrigation(irrigation to 60%, 50%, 40% of field capacity), we studied the effects of different water treatments on the soil microenvironment and the growth of Panax notoginseng in the vegetative growth stage. The results showed that in the mild water deficit(irrigation to 60% of the field capacity), the leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and cut length of Panax notoginseng gained a high level. For the soil microorganisms, bacteria accounted for the largest proportion of microbial colonies in each treatment. The maximum trend was the same as the total soil microbial count. With the increase of water deficit, the number of fungal colonies increased first and then decreased, and the number of actinomycetes and bacterial colonies showed a decreasing trend. Soil enzyme activity showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. With the 50% of the field capacity, the urease activity got the maximum, 0.15 mg/(g·d). With the 60% of the field capacity, the catalase and acid phosphatase activities were the highest, 3.57 m L/g and 439.5 μg/(g·d) respectively. The number of actinomycetes and bacteria colonies and acid phosphatase activity in soil were significantly correlated with the increment of the plant height, petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and cuts length of Panax notoginseng(P<0.01). It can be concluded that the 60% of the field capacity was the best solution in the greenhouse cultivation in the vegetative growth stage in this study.
引文
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[16]李雪萍,李建宏,漆永红,等.青稞根腐病对根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(17):5640-5649.
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[19]邓欧平,李翰,熊雷,等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(1):86-92.
[20]王维静,杨理程,苏思文,等.氟乐灵对土壤微生物、酶活性及作物生长的影响[J].农药,2017,56(7):484-488.
[21]MANZONI S,KATUL G.Invariant soil water potential at zero microbial respiration explained by hydrological discontinuity in dry soils[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(20):7151-7158.
[22]张延,梁爱珍,张晓平,等.不同耕作方式下土壤水分状况对土壤呼吸的初期影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1106-1113.
[23]张艾明,刘云超,李晓兰,等.水肥耦合对紫花苜蓿土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2896-2902.
[2]FACI J M,MEDINA E T,MARTíNEZ-COB A,et al.Fruit yield and quality response of a late season peach orchard to different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid environment[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,143:102-112.
[3]白羿雄,姚晓华,姚有华,等.适度水分亏缺管理提高青稞营养品质和环境效益[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):499-506.
[4]蔡一霞,李洋,朱海涛,等.灌浆期亏缺灌溉对水稻产量形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(8):1492-1505.
[5]刘炼红,李小玲,吴梅梅,等.亏缺灌溉西瓜营养生长期适宜滴灌频率研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(25):79-84.
[6]张晓英,梁新书,张振贤,等.亏缺灌溉下异根嫁接提高黄瓜产量和水分利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(2):117-124.
[7]张萍,郑国琦,郑国保,等.亏缺灌溉对枸杞果实糖积累和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(6):160-163,178.
[8]纪洋,于海洋,CONRAD,等.间隙灌溉和控释肥施用对稻田土壤产甲烷微生物的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1132-1139.
[9]陈宁,孙凯宁,王克安,等.不同灌溉方式对茄子栽培土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(6):1380-1385.
[10]唐洁,汤玉喜,杨艳,等.洞庭湖区杨树人工林土壤微生物、酶活性特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(9):29-34.
[11]林先贵,土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[12]SHI H T,YE T T,HAN N,et al.Hydrogen sulfide regulates abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2015,57(7):628-640.
[13]WU C,MA C Q,PAN Y,et al.Sugar beet M14glyoxalase I gene can enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses[J].Journal of Plant Research,2013,126(3):415-425.
[14]GU C Z,QIAO Y J,WANG D,et al.New triterpenoid saponins from the steaming treated roots of Panax notoginseng[J].Natural Product Research,2018,32(3):294-301.
[15]董波,魏新平,崔宁博.不同灌水量处理对大棚冬小麦土壤温度的影响[J].节水灌溉,2014(6):5-8.
[16]李雪萍,李建宏,漆永红,等.青稞根腐病对根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(17):5640-5649.
[17]LIU Y R,LI X,SHEN Q R,et al.Enzyme activity in water-stable soil aggregates as affected by long-term application of organic manure and chemical fertiliser[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(1):111-119.
[18]周旋,吴良欢,戴锋.新型磷酰胺类脲酶抑制剂对不同质地土壤尿素转化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):4003-4012.
[19]邓欧平,李翰,熊雷,等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(1):86-92.
[20]王维静,杨理程,苏思文,等.氟乐灵对土壤微生物、酶活性及作物生长的影响[J].农药,2017,56(7):484-488.
[21]MANZONI S,KATUL G.Invariant soil water potential at zero microbial respiration explained by hydrological discontinuity in dry soils[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(20):7151-7158.
[22]张延,梁爱珍,张晓平,等.不同耕作方式下土壤水分状况对土壤呼吸的初期影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1106-1113.
[23]张艾明,刘云超,李晓兰,等.水肥耦合对紫花苜蓿土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(11):2896-2902.