基于二维图像处理方法的沥青混合料砂浆厚度谱研究
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摘要
为研究沥青混合料的砂浆厚度组成规律,考虑集料间接触的最薄弱方向,提出了一种基于最短接触距离原则的沥青混合料砂浆厚度计算方法。采用高精度二维扫描仪获取混合料二维切片图像,定义沥青砂浆由沥青以及粒径小于等于1.18mm的细集料组成,并利用MATLAB相关图像处理方法进行混合料砂浆空间结构分析。提出平均砂浆厚度、砂浆厚度谱的众数及集中度指标,并对其进行统计分析。针对6种不同类型的混合料,研究不同压实次数、沥青种类、最大公称粒径以及级配类型等因素对其砂浆厚度的影响。结果表明:提出的方法适用于分析沥青混合料的砂浆厚度组成规律;砂浆厚度谱用对数正态分布模型进行拟合的效果较好;随着压实次数的增加,平均砂浆厚度及厚度谱众数均存在最小值,而砂浆集中度则存在峰值,说明过压会破坏砂浆的稳定状态,合理选择压实次数十分重要;较小的集料最大公称粒径、悬浮密实型结构以及改性沥青混合料对应的平均砂浆厚度更小,砂浆也向更小的厚度上集中,其集中度更高;级配类型和最大公称粒径的影响最为显著,沥青种类对厚度谱的集中度也有较为显著的影响,压实次数的影响虽然不大但也呈现出明显的规律性。
In order to study the constitution law of mortar thickness of asphalt mixture,a method of calculating mortar thickness of asphalt mixture based on the principle of the shortest contact distance was put forward,considering the weakest direction of contact between aggregates.High precision two-dimensional scanner was used to obtain the two-dimensional slice images of asphalt mixture.Asphalt mortar was defined as a composition of asphalt and fine aggregates less than or equal to 1.18 mm.MATLAB image processing method was used to analyze the spatial structure of mixture mortar.Several indexes including average mortar thickness,the mode and concentration ratio of mortar thickness spectrum were proposed and statistically analyzed.Theinfluences of different compaction times,asphalt type,the maximum nominal particle size and gradation type on the mortar thickness of asphalt mixture were researched for six different types of mixtures.The results show that the proposed calculation method of mortar thickness is suitable for the analysis of constitution law of asphalt mixture mortar thickness.Mortar thickness spectrum can be fitted well by lognormal distribution model.With the increase of compaction times,there are minimum values in average mortar thickness and the mode of mortar thickness spectrum,while mortar concentration has a peak value which indicates that overpressure will destroy the stability of mortar,and it is important to choose a reasonable compaction times,the maximum nominal particle size of smaller aggregates,suspended dense structure and modified asphalt mixture tend to be lower. Meanwhile,they would concentrate on smaller mortar thickness with higher concentration ratio,the maximum nominal particle and gradation type had the most significant influences,and asphalt type has a significant influence on the concentration ratio of mortar thickness spectrum.The impact of compaction times is not significant but still shows some obvious rules.4 tabs,4 figs,26 refs.
In order to study the constitution law of mortar thickness of asphalt mixture,a method of calculating mortar thickness of asphalt mixture based on the principle of the shortest contact distance was put forward,considering the weakest direction of contact between aggregates.High precision two-dimensional scanner was used to obtain the two-dimensional slice images of asphalt mixture.Asphalt mortar was defined as a composition of asphalt and fine aggregates less than or equal to 1.18 mm.MATLAB image processing method was used to analyze the spatial structure of mixture mortar.Several indexes including average mortar thickness,the mode and concentration ratio of mortar thickness spectrum were proposed and statistically analyzed.Theinfluences of different compaction times,asphalt type,the maximum nominal particle size and gradation type on the mortar thickness of asphalt mixture were researched for six different types of mixtures.The results show that the proposed calculation method of mortar thickness is suitable for the analysis of constitution law of asphalt mixture mortar thickness.Mortar thickness spectrum can be fitted well by lognormal distribution model.With the increase of compaction times,there are minimum values in average mortar thickness and the mode of mortar thickness spectrum,while mortar concentration has a peak value which indicates that overpressure will destroy the stability of mortar,and it is important to choose a reasonable compaction times,the maximum nominal particle size of smaller aggregates,suspended dense structure and modified asphalt mixture tend to be lower. Meanwhile,they would concentrate on smaller mortar thickness with higher concentration ratio,the maximum nominal particle and gradation type had the most significant influences,and asphalt type has a significant influence on the concentration ratio of mortar thickness spectrum.The impact of compaction times is not significant but still shows some obvious rules.4 tabs,4 figs,26 refs.
引文
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[9]郭乃胜,YOU Z P,谭忆秋,等.基于CT技术的沥青混合料空隙率预测方法[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(8):12-21,42.GUO Nai-sheng,YOU Z P,TAN Yi-qiu,et al.Prediction method on volume of air voids of asphalt mixtures based on CT technique[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(8):12-21,42.
[10]GEORGIOU P,SIDERIS L,LOIZOS A.Evaluation of the effects of gyratory and field compaction on asphalt mix internal structure[J].Materials and Structures,2016,49(1/2):665-676.
[11]MASAD E,MUHUNTHAN B,SHASHIDHAR N,et al.Internal structure characterization of asphalt concrete using image analysis[J].Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,1999,13(2):88-95.
[12]JIANG J,NI F,GAO L,et al.Effect of the contact structure characteristics on rutting performance in asphalt mixtures using 2Dimaging analysis[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,136:426-435.
[13]王彦喆.粗集料细观结构特征对沥青混合料性能的影响研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.WANG Yan-zhe.The study of the effect of coarse aggregate of microstructure characteristic on the performance of asphalt mixture[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2012.
[14]KOSE S,GULER M,BAHIA H,et al.Distribution of strains within hot-mix asphalt binders:Applying imaging and finite-element techniques[J].Transportation Research Record,2000(1728):21-27.
[15]李平,王秉纲,张争奇.基于高温性能的沥青混合料级配设计方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2010,10(6):9-14.LI Ping,WANG Bing-gang,ZHANG Zheng-qi.Design method of asphalt mixture aggregate gradation based on high-temperature performance[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2010,10(6):9-14.
[16]贾传峰.基于工业CT的不同受力模式下沥青混合料破坏特性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.JIA Chuan-feng.Research on failure characterization of asphalt mixture under different test methods based on CT[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.
[17]HU J,QIAN Z.High-temperature numerical simulation of asphalt mixture based on microscopic structure characteristics of aggregates[C]//TRB.Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting.Washington DC:TRB,2015:1-15.
[18]PAPAGIANNAKIS A,ABBAS A,MASAD E.Micromechanical analysis of viscoelastic properties of asphalt concretes[J].Transportation Research Record,2002(1789):113-120.
[19]MASAD E,SOMADEVAN N,BAHIA H U,et al.Modeling and experimental measurements of strain distribution in asphalt mixes[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2001,127(6):477-485.
[20]DAI Q L,YOU Z P.Prediction of creep stiffness of asphalt mixture with micromechanical finite-element and discrete-element models[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2007,133(2):163-173.
[21]MAHMOUD E,MASAD E,NAZARIAN S.Discrete element analysis of the influences of aggregate properties and internal structure on fracture in asphalt mixtures[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2009,22(1):10-20.
[22]SEFIDMAZGI N R,TASHMAN L,BAHIA H.Internal structure characterization of asphalt mixtures for rutting performance using imaging analysis[J].Road Materials and Pavement Design,2012,13(S):21-37.
[23]YOU Z,ADHIKARI S,KUTAY M E.Dynamic modulus simulation of the asphalt concrete using the X-ray computed tomography images[J].Materials and Structures,2009,42(5):617-630.
[24]汪海年,郝培文,吕光印.沥青混合料内部空隙分布特征[J].交通运输工程学报,2009,9(1):6-11.WANG Hai-nian,HAO Pei-wen,LU Guang-yin.Distribution properties of internal air voids in asphalt mixtures[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2009,9(1):6-11.
[25]汪海年,李磊,尤占平.基于细观结构特征的沥青混合料空隙三维分布特征研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2012,34(8):61-67.WANG Hai-nian,LI Lei,YOU Zhan-ping.Characterization on the 3Dair void spatial distribution based on the microstructure of asphalt mixture[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2012,34(8):61-67.
[26]郭乃胜,尤占平,谭忆秋,等.基于CT技术的沥青混合料均匀性评价方法[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(1):1-9,55.GUO Nai-sheng,YOU Zhan-ping,TAN Yi-qiu,et al.Evaluation method for homogeneity of asphalt mixtures based on CT technique[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(1):1-9,55.
[2]汪海年,郝培文.沥青混合料微细观结构的研究进展[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2008,28(3):11-15.WANG Hai-nian,HAO Pei-wen.Advances in microstructure study on asphalt mixture[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2008,28(3):11-15.
[3]LING C,ARSHADI A,BAHIA H.Importance of binder modification type and aggregate structure on rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures using imagebased multi-scale modelling[J].Road Materials and Pavement Design,2017,18(4):785-799.
[4]黄宝涛,田伟平.具有长期使用性能的沥青砂浆配合比设计方法[J].公路,2009(4):148-151.HUANG Bao-tao,TIAN Wei-ping.Asphalt mortar mix ratio design method with long-term performance[J].Highway,2009(4):148-151.
[5]GAO L,NI F,LUO H,et al.Evaluation of coarse aggregate in cold recycling mixes using X-ray CT scanner and image analysis[J].Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2014,44(3):1239-1249.
[6]石立万,王端宜.基于数字图像处理的沥青混合料主骨架评价标准[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(5):52-58.SHI Li-wan,WANG Duan-yi.Evaluation indexes of asphalt mixture main skeleton based on digital image processing[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(5):52-58.
[7]BIRGISSON B,SORANAKOM C,NAPIER J A L,et al.Microstructure and fracture in asphalt mixtures using a boundary element approach[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2004,16(2):116-121.
[8]COENEN A R,KUTAY M E,SEFIDMAZGI N R,et al.Aggregate structure characterization of asphalt mixtures using two-dimensional image analysis[J].Road Materials and Pavement Design,2012,13(3):433-454.
[9]郭乃胜,YOU Z P,谭忆秋,等.基于CT技术的沥青混合料空隙率预测方法[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(8):12-21,42.GUO Nai-sheng,YOU Z P,TAN Yi-qiu,et al.Prediction method on volume of air voids of asphalt mixtures based on CT technique[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(8):12-21,42.
[10]GEORGIOU P,SIDERIS L,LOIZOS A.Evaluation of the effects of gyratory and field compaction on asphalt mix internal structure[J].Materials and Structures,2016,49(1/2):665-676.
[11]MASAD E,MUHUNTHAN B,SHASHIDHAR N,et al.Internal structure characterization of asphalt concrete using image analysis[J].Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,1999,13(2):88-95.
[12]JIANG J,NI F,GAO L,et al.Effect of the contact structure characteristics on rutting performance in asphalt mixtures using 2Dimaging analysis[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,136:426-435.
[13]王彦喆.粗集料细观结构特征对沥青混合料性能的影响研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.WANG Yan-zhe.The study of the effect of coarse aggregate of microstructure characteristic on the performance of asphalt mixture[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2012.
[14]KOSE S,GULER M,BAHIA H,et al.Distribution of strains within hot-mix asphalt binders:Applying imaging and finite-element techniques[J].Transportation Research Record,2000(1728):21-27.
[15]李平,王秉纲,张争奇.基于高温性能的沥青混合料级配设计方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2010,10(6):9-14.LI Ping,WANG Bing-gang,ZHANG Zheng-qi.Design method of asphalt mixture aggregate gradation based on high-temperature performance[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2010,10(6):9-14.
[16]贾传峰.基于工业CT的不同受力模式下沥青混合料破坏特性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.JIA Chuan-feng.Research on failure characterization of asphalt mixture under different test methods based on CT[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.
[17]HU J,QIAN Z.High-temperature numerical simulation of asphalt mixture based on microscopic structure characteristics of aggregates[C]//TRB.Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting.Washington DC:TRB,2015:1-15.
[18]PAPAGIANNAKIS A,ABBAS A,MASAD E.Micromechanical analysis of viscoelastic properties of asphalt concretes[J].Transportation Research Record,2002(1789):113-120.
[19]MASAD E,SOMADEVAN N,BAHIA H U,et al.Modeling and experimental measurements of strain distribution in asphalt mixes[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2001,127(6):477-485.
[20]DAI Q L,YOU Z P.Prediction of creep stiffness of asphalt mixture with micromechanical finite-element and discrete-element models[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2007,133(2):163-173.
[21]MAHMOUD E,MASAD E,NAZARIAN S.Discrete element analysis of the influences of aggregate properties and internal structure on fracture in asphalt mixtures[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2009,22(1):10-20.
[22]SEFIDMAZGI N R,TASHMAN L,BAHIA H.Internal structure characterization of asphalt mixtures for rutting performance using imaging analysis[J].Road Materials and Pavement Design,2012,13(S):21-37.
[23]YOU Z,ADHIKARI S,KUTAY M E.Dynamic modulus simulation of the asphalt concrete using the X-ray computed tomography images[J].Materials and Structures,2009,42(5):617-630.
[24]汪海年,郝培文,吕光印.沥青混合料内部空隙分布特征[J].交通运输工程学报,2009,9(1):6-11.WANG Hai-nian,HAO Pei-wen,LU Guang-yin.Distribution properties of internal air voids in asphalt mixtures[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2009,9(1):6-11.
[25]汪海年,李磊,尤占平.基于细观结构特征的沥青混合料空隙三维分布特征研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2012,34(8):61-67.WANG Hai-nian,LI Lei,YOU Zhan-ping.Characterization on the 3Dair void spatial distribution based on the microstructure of asphalt mixture[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2012,34(8):61-67.
[26]郭乃胜,尤占平,谭忆秋,等.基于CT技术的沥青混合料均匀性评价方法[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(1):1-9,55.GUO Nai-sheng,YOU Zhan-ping,TAN Yi-qiu,et al.Evaluation method for homogeneity of asphalt mixtures based on CT technique[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(1):1-9,55.