基于电-热耦合模型的锂离子电池组热管理系统设计与优化
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摘要
针对电池组放电过程各部位生热不均匀现象,研究了其生热机理,建立电池电-热耦合模型,得到电池单体电流密度及生热速率在电芯上的分布规律。基于该生热规律模拟电池模组在不同放电倍率下的温升,根据电池模组的热物性参数及冷却要求(电池模组温度控制在25~40℃,温差小于5℃)计算冷却水流速,并设计相对应的水冷结构。对比研究不同放电倍率、不同厚度导热板的电池模组仿真结果,得到最优导热板厚度(0.5 mm)。最后根据仿真结果对水冷系统进行优化,进一步减小了电池模组的温差。
Because of the uneven heat generation in battery module,the temperature rose differently and the working performances decreased. Thus the heat generation mechanism would be studied so that the electro-thermal model might be established,then the regularities of current density and heat generation rate distribution in stacks might be got. Battery module was simulated at different discharge rates based on those regularities,and coolant velocity was calculated based on cooling requests(temperature was between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃,temperature difference was below 5 ℃)and thermophysical parameter,then the cooling system might be designed. Simulation results of battery modules of several cool plates of different thickness were studied in different discharge rates,a best thickness(0.5 mm)of cool plate is found. At last,the cooling system was optimized based on original simulation results,and the optimized cooling system has better temperature uniformity.
Because of the uneven heat generation in battery module,the temperature rose differently and the working performances decreased. Thus the heat generation mechanism would be studied so that the electro-thermal model might be established,then the regularities of current density and heat generation rate distribution in stacks might be got. Battery module was simulated at different discharge rates based on those regularities,and coolant velocity was calculated based on cooling requests(temperature was between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃,temperature difference was below 5 ℃)and thermophysical parameter,then the cooling system might be designed. Simulation results of battery modules of several cool plates of different thickness were studied in different discharge rates,a best thickness(0.5 mm)of cool plate is found. At last,the cooling system was optimized based on original simulation results,and the optimized cooling system has better temperature uniformity.
引文
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[14]姬芬竹,刘丽君,杨世春等.电动汽车动力电池生热模型和散热特性[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2014,40(1):18-24.JI Fenzhu,LIU Lijun,Yang Shichun.et al.Heating Generation Model and Heat Dissipation Performance of the Power Battery in Electric Vehicle[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014,40(1):18-24.
[15]BERNARDI D,PAWLIKOWSKI E,NEWMAN J.A General Energy Balance for Battery Systems[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1984,132(1):5-12.
[16]YAZDANPOUR M,TAHERI P,MANSOURI A,et al.A Distributed Analytical Electro-thermal Model for Pouch-type Lithium-ion Batteries[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2014,161(14):A1953-A1963.
[17]TAHERI P,MANSOURI A,YAZDANPOUR M et al.Theoretical Analysis of Potential and Current Distributions in Planar Electrodes of Lithium-ion Batteries[J].2014,133:197-208.
[2]PANCHAL S,DINCER I,AGELIN-CHAAB M,et al.Experimental and Simulated Temperature Variations in a Li Fe PO4—20 A·h Battery during Discharge Process[J].Applied Energy,2016,180:504-515.
[3]PANCHAL S,DINCER I,AGELIN-CHAAB M,et al.Experimental Temperature Distributions in a Prismatic Lithium-ion Battery at Varying Conditions[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,71:35-43.
[4]GIULIANO M R,ADVANI S G,PRASAD A K.Thermal Analysis and Management of Lithium–Titanate Batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(15):6517-6524.
[5]PANCHAL S,KHASOW R,DINCER I,et al.Thermal Design and Simulation of Mini-channel Cold Plate for Water Cooled Large Sized Prismatic Lithium-ion Battery[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,122:80-90.
[6]QIAN Z,LI Y,RAO Z.Thermal Performance of Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Management System by Using Mini-channel Cooling[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2016,126:622-631.
[7]曹昌胜.混合动力电动汽车电池包热特性研究与优化[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013.CAO Changsheng.Thermal Characteristics Research and Optimization of Battery Pack for Hybrid Electric Vehicle[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2013.
[8]罗曼.纯电动汽车用锂离子电池组液体冷却散热结构分析及优化[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.LUO Man.Analysis and Optimization of Liquid Cooling Heat Dissipation Structure for EV Lithiumion Battery Pack[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.
[9]王小平.动力电池组热管冷却系统传热特性分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.WANG Xiaoping.Heat Transfer Analysis on Heat Pipe Cooling System for Power Battery Pack[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016.
[10]MONDAL B,LOPEZ C F,MUKHERJEE P P.Exploring the Efficacy of Nanofluids for Lithiumion Battery Thermal Management[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2017,112:779-794.
[11]BANDHAUER T,GARIMELLA S,FULLER T F.Electrochemical-thermal Modeling to Evaluate Battery Thermal Management Strategies[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2014,162(1):A125-A136.
[12]BAHIRAEI F,FARTAJ A,NAZRI G A.Electrochemical-thermal Modeling to Evaluate Active Thermal Management of a Lithium-ion Battery Module[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,254:59-71.
[13]UDDIN A I,KU J.Design and Simulation of Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Management System for Mild Hybrid Vehicle Application[J].SAE Technical Papers,2015-01-1230.
[14]姬芬竹,刘丽君,杨世春等.电动汽车动力电池生热模型和散热特性[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2014,40(1):18-24.JI Fenzhu,LIU Lijun,Yang Shichun.et al.Heating Generation Model and Heat Dissipation Performance of the Power Battery in Electric Vehicle[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014,40(1):18-24.
[15]BERNARDI D,PAWLIKOWSKI E,NEWMAN J.A General Energy Balance for Battery Systems[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1984,132(1):5-12.
[16]YAZDANPOUR M,TAHERI P,MANSOURI A,et al.A Distributed Analytical Electro-thermal Model for Pouch-type Lithium-ion Batteries[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2014,161(14):A1953-A1963.
[17]TAHERI P,MANSOURI A,YAZDANPOUR M et al.Theoretical Analysis of Potential and Current Distributions in Planar Electrodes of Lithium-ion Batteries[J].2014,133:197-208.