阳极氧化提升钒液流电池负极碳纸电极的电化学性能（英文）
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摘要
本文利用阳极氧化来提升钒液流电池负极碳纸电极电化学性能。改性电极对V~(2+)/V~(3+)反应展现了优异的电化学活性。相比NaOH溶液处理的CP-NaOH样品,NH_3溶液处理的CP-NH_3样品展现了更好的性能。XPS结果显示含氧和含氮官能团被引入到CP-NH_3表面,拉曼光谱确认了CP-NH_3表面增加的缺陷。通过充放电实验来评估CP-NH_3对钒电池储能性能的影响,使用CP-NH_3可大幅度提升电池性能,在60 mA/cm~2时能量效率提升4.8%。CP-NH_3优异的性能主要来自于官能团的引入和提升的润湿性能,本文工作说明阳极氧化是一种清洁、简单、高效的提升钒液流电池负极碳纸电极性能的方法。
Anodic oxidation with different electrolyte was employed to improve the electrochemical properties of carbon paper as negative electrode for vanadium redox battery(VRB). The treated carbon paper exhibits enhanced electrochemical activity for V~(2+)/V~(3+) redox reaction. The sample(CP-NH_3) treated in NH_3 solution demonstrates superior performance in comparison with the sample(CP-NaOH) treated in NaOH solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that oxygen-and nitrogen-containing functional groups have been introduced on CP-NH_3 surface by the treatment, and Raman spectra confirm the increased surface defect of CP-NH_3. Energy storage performance of cell was evaluated by charge/discharge measurement by using CP-NH_3. Usage of CP-NH_3 can greatly improve the cell performance with energy efficiency increase of 4.8% at 60 mA/cm~2. The excellent performance of CP-NH_3 mainly results from introduction of functional groups as active sites and improved wetting properties. This work reveals that anodic oxidation is a clean, simple, and efficient method for boosting the performance of carbon paper as negative electrode for VRB.
Anodic oxidation with different electrolyte was employed to improve the electrochemical properties of carbon paper as negative electrode for vanadium redox battery(VRB). The treated carbon paper exhibits enhanced electrochemical activity for V~(2+)/V~(3+) redox reaction. The sample(CP-NH_3) treated in NH_3 solution demonstrates superior performance in comparison with the sample(CP-NaOH) treated in NaOH solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that oxygen-and nitrogen-containing functional groups have been introduced on CP-NH_3 surface by the treatment, and Raman spectra confirm the increased surface defect of CP-NH_3. Energy storage performance of cell was evaluated by charge/discharge measurement by using CP-NH_3. Usage of CP-NH_3 can greatly improve the cell performance with energy efficiency increase of 4.8% at 60 mA/cm~2. The excellent performance of CP-NH_3 mainly results from introduction of functional groups as active sites and improved wetting properties. This work reveals that anodic oxidation is a clean, simple, and efficient method for boosting the performance of carbon paper as negative electrode for VRB.
引文
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[22]WU L,SHEN Y,YU L,XI J,QIU X.Boosting vanadium flow battery performance by Nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres electrocatalyst[J].Nano Energy,2016,28:19-28.
[23]HUANG Y,DENG Q,WU X,WANG S.N,O Co-doped carbon felt for high-performance all-vanadium redox flow battery[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42:7177-7185.
[2]MEHBOOB S,ALI G,SHIN H J,HWANG J,ABBAS S,CHUNG K Y,HA H Y.Enhancing the performance of all-vanadium redox flow batteries by decorating carbon felt electrodes with SnO2 nanoparticles[J].Applied Energy,2018,229:910-921.
[3]HE Z,LI M,LI Y,LI C,YI Z,ZHU J,DAI L,MENG W,ZHOU H,WANG L.ZrO2 nanoparticle embedded carbon nanofibers by electrospinning technique as advanced negative electrode materials for vanadium redox flow battery[J].Electrochimica Acta,2019,309:166-176.
[4]YAN Y,SKYLLAS-KAZACOS M,BAO J.Effects of battery design,environmental temperature and electrolyte flowrate on thermal behaviour of a vanadium redox flow battery in different applications[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2017,11:104-118.
[5]ARENAS L F,PONCE D E LE N C,WALSH F C.Engineering aspects of the design,construction and performance of modular redox flow batteries for energy storage[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2017,11:119-153.
[6]LI L Y,KIM S,WANG W,VIJAYAKUMAR M,NIE Z M,CHEN B W,ZHANG J L,XIA G G,HU J Z,GRAFF G,LIUJ,YANG Z G.A stable vanadium redox-flow battery with high energy density for large-scale energy storage[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2011,1:394-400.
[7]PARK M,JEON I Y,RYU J,JANG H,BACK J B,CHO J.Edge-halogenated graphene nanoplatelets with F,Cl,or Br as electrocatalysts for all-vanadium redox flow batteries[J].Nano Energy,2016,26:233-240.
[8]NOH C,MOON S,CHUNG Y,KWON Y.Chelating functional group attached to carbon nanotubes prepared for performance enhancement of vanadium redox flow battery[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5:21334-21342.
[9]GONZALEZ Z,SANCHEZ A,BLANCO C,GRANDA M,MENENDEZ R,SANTAMARIA R.Enhanced performance of a Bi-modified graphite felt as the positive electrode of a vanadium redox flow battery[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2011,13:1379-1382.
[10]WEI L,ZHAO T S,ZENG L,ZHOU X L,ZENG Y K..Copper nanoparticle-deposited graphite felt electrodes for all vanadium redox flow batteries[J].Applied Energy,2016,180:386-391.
[11]ZHOU H,SHEN Y,XI J,QIU X,CHEN L.Zr O2-nanoparticle-modified graphite felt:Bifunctional effects on vanadium flow batteries[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2016,8:15369-15378.
[12]BAYEH A W,KABTAMU D M,CHANG Y C,CHEN G C,CHEN H Y,LIN G Y,LIU T R,WONDIMU T H,WANG KC,WANG C H.Ta2O5-nanoparticle-modified graphite felt as a high-performance electrode for a vanadium redox flow battery[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2018,6:3019-3028.
[13]LI X G,HUANG K L,LIU S Q,TAN N,CHEN L Q.Characteristics of graphite felt electrode electrochemically oxidized for vanadium redox battery application[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2007,17:195-199.
[14]HE Z,JIANG Y,ZHOU H,CHENG G,MENG W,WANG L,DAI L.Graphite felt electrode modified by square wave potential pulse for vanadium redox flow battery[J].International Journal of Energy Research,2016,41:439-447.
[15]LV YR,ZHANG L,CHENG G,WANG P F,ZHANG T Z,LIC C,JIANG Y Q,HE Z X,DAI L,WANG L.Preparation of carbon nanosheet by molten salt route and its application in catalyzing VO2+/VO2+redox reaction[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2019,166:A953-A959.
[16]SUN D,TANG Y,HE K,REN Y,LIU S,WANG H.Long-lived aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries using mesoporous LiTi2(PO4)3@C anode[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:17452-17459.
[17]SUN D,XUE X,TANG Y,JING Y,HUANG B,REN Y,YAO Y,WANG H,CAO G.High-rate LiTi2(PO4)3@N-Ccomposite via bi-nitrogen sources doping[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7:28337-28345.
[18]PARK M,RYU J,KIM Y,CHO J.Corn protein-derived nitrogen-doped carbon materials with oxygen-rich functional groups:A highly efficient electrocatalyst for all-vanadium redox flow batteries[J].Energy&Environmental Science,2014,7:3727-3735.
[19]PARK M,JUNG YJ,KIM J,LEE H I,CHO J.Synergistic effect of carbon nanofiber/nanotube composite catalyst on carbon felt electrode for high-performance all-vanadium redox flow battery[J].Nano Letters,2013,13:4833-4839.
[20]LV Y,ZHANG J,LV Z Q,WU C X,LIU Y Y,WANG H N,LU S F,XIANG Y.Enhanced electrochemical activity of carbon felt for V2+/V3+redox reaction via combining KOH-etched pretreatment with uniform deposition of Bi nanoparticles[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,253:78-84.
[21]ZHANG W,XI J,LI Z,ZHOU H,LIU L,WU Z,QIU X.Electrochemical activation of graphite felt electrode for VO2+/VO2+redox couple application[J].Electrochimica Acta,2013,89:429-435.
[22]WU L,SHEN Y,YU L,XI J,QIU X.Boosting vanadium flow battery performance by Nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres electrocatalyst[J].Nano Energy,2016,28:19-28.
[23]HUANG Y,DENG Q,WU X,WANG S.N,O Co-doped carbon felt for high-performance all-vanadium redox flow battery[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42:7177-7185.