6种药剂对田间小菜蛾的防治效果及其安全性评价
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摘要
为筛选防治小菜蛾的高效、低毒、安全农药,利用6种药剂对小菜蛾进行室内毒力测定、田间药效试验,并对其安全性进行评价。室内毒力测定结果表明:药后72 h,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对小菜蛾的毒力最高,致死中质量浓度(LC_(50))为0.584 2 mg/L;其次是10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂和10%虫螨腈悬浮剂,LC_(50)分别为0.792 3 mg/L和1.621 3 mg/L;1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油毒力最低,LC_(50)为3.508 2 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明:20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂防效最好,施药后1 d防效达到84.4%,施药后7 d防效达到96.2%,均显著优于其他药剂,具有防效快、残留低、持效期长、对作物安全等特点;其次为10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂和10%虫螨腈悬浮剂,施药后1 d防效分别达到77.8%和71.2%,施药后7 d防效分别达到87.3%和87.9%;再次为20%甲维盐虫酰肼乳油和5%氟虫氰悬浮剂,施药后1 d防效分别为65.1%和64.3%,施药后7 d防效分别为77.1%和75.0%;防效最差的是1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油,施药后1 d防效为56.3%,施药后7 d降至42.5%;试验期间,各供试药剂对作物均安全。因此认为,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂、10%虫螨晴悬浮剂、20%甲维盐虫酰肼乳油、5%氟虫氰悬浮剂适宜在无公害蔬菜生产基地推广使用。
In order to select pesticides of high efficiency,low toxicity and safety to control Plutella xylostella,indoor toxicity test,field trial and safety evaluation were conducted successively on 6 kinds of pesticides. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that the virulence of 20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension was the strongest after 72 h,of which 50% lethal concentration( LC_(50)) was 0. 584 2 mg/L.10% Si Lü Chong Xian'an suspension( SYP-9080) and 10% Chlorfenapyr suspension were next,and their LC_(50) were 0. 792 3 mg/L and 1. 621 3 mg/L respectively. 1% Emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate( EC) had the weakest virulence,of which the LC_(50) was 3. 508 2 mg/L. The experiment in the field showed that 20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension was the best in all treatments. Its control effect reached 84. 4% one day after applied,and 96. 2% after seven days. Compared with the other pesticides,20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension was superior,characterized by quick onset,low residues,long duration and safety. SYP-9080 and 10% Chlorfenapyr suspension were followed. Their control effects reached77. 8% and 71. 2% respectively one day after applied,then 87. 3% and 87. 9% respectively after seven days. 20% Emamectin benzoate hydrazide EC and 5% Fipronil suspension were next,whose control effects reached 65. 1% and 64. 3% respectively one day after applied,and 77. 1% and 75. 0% afterseven days. 1% Emamectin benzoate EC was the worst. Its control effect was only 56. 3% one day after applied,and dropped to 42. 5% after seven days. During the test period,all the pesticides were safe to crop. So it is believed that 20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension,SYP-9080,10% Chlorfenapyr suspension,20% Emamectin benzoate hydrazide EC and 5% Fipronil suspension are all suitable for widely use in pollution-free vegetable production bases.
In order to select pesticides of high efficiency,low toxicity and safety to control Plutella xylostella,indoor toxicity test,field trial and safety evaluation were conducted successively on 6 kinds of pesticides. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that the virulence of 20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension was the strongest after 72 h,of which 50% lethal concentration( LC_(50)) was 0. 584 2 mg/L.10% Si Lü Chong Xian'an suspension( SYP-9080) and 10% Chlorfenapyr suspension were next,and their LC_(50) were 0. 792 3 mg/L and 1. 621 3 mg/L respectively. 1% Emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate( EC) had the weakest virulence,of which the LC_(50) was 3. 508 2 mg/L. The experiment in the field showed that 20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension was the best in all treatments. Its control effect reached 84. 4% one day after applied,and 96. 2% after seven days. Compared with the other pesticides,20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension was superior,characterized by quick onset,low residues,long duration and safety. SYP-9080 and 10% Chlorfenapyr suspension were followed. Their control effects reached77. 8% and 71. 2% respectively one day after applied,then 87. 3% and 87. 9% respectively after seven days. 20% Emamectin benzoate hydrazide EC and 5% Fipronil suspension were next,whose control effects reached 65. 1% and 64. 3% respectively one day after applied,and 77. 1% and 75. 0% afterseven days. 1% Emamectin benzoate EC was the worst. Its control effect was only 56. 3% one day after applied,and dropped to 42. 5% after seven days. During the test period,all the pesticides were safe to crop. So it is believed that 20% Chlorantraniliprole suspension,SYP-9080,10% Chlorfenapyr suspension,20% Emamectin benzoate hydrazide EC and 5% Fipronil suspension are all suitable for widely use in pollution-free vegetable production bases.
引文
[1]田娟,陈会民,李定旭,等.Silwet 408有机硅助剂在小菜蛾药剂减量化防治中的应用[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):97-100.
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[9]姜辉,陈景芬,王晓军,等.农药田间药效试验准则(一)杀虫剂防治十字花科蔬菜的鳞翅目幼虫:GB/T 17980.13—2000[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000:51-54.
[10]刘扬,缪勇,高希武,等.几种药剂对春甘蓝田小菜蛾及其天敌的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(13):3876-3877.
[11]丁雪玲,赵建伟,郑宇,等.不同杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾的田间药效研究[J].长江蔬菜,2015(20):84-87.
[12]章金明,宋亮,黄芳,等.不同地区小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺和茚虫威的抗性初报[J].浙江农业科学,2012(6):857-859,861.
[13]胡珍娣,陈焕瑜,李振宇,等.华南小菜蛾田间种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺已产生严重抗性[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(1):79-81.
[14]肖春雷,罗丰,刘勇,等.氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾的室内毒力测定及防治效果[J].中国蔬菜,2012(16):86-89.
[15]周夏芝,音正兵,王广宇.印楝素对小菜蛾的毒力测定与防效研究[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(3):115-116.
[16]闫喜中,孙学俊,邓彩萍,等.球孢白僵菌GDS菌株对小菜蛾致病力的测定[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(11):1221-1223.
[2]梁卿,徐树兰,李辉,等.1.8%苦参碱·阿维菌素乳油防治甘蓝小菜蛾药效试验[J].广东农业科学,2009(2):58-60.
[3]李屹.青海高原防治甘蓝小菜蛾田间药剂筛选试验[J].北方园艺,2011(18):164-166.
[4]田野,孙庆礼,赵红梅.50 g/L氟虫腈悬浮剂防治甘蓝小菜蛾田间药效试验初报[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(5):37.
[5]龙增群.0.5%高渗阿维菌素微乳剂防治甘蓝小菜蛾药效研究[J].现代农业科技,2012(14):103.
[6]Talekar N S,Shelton A M.Biology,ecology,and management of the diamondback moth[J].Annu Rev Entomol,1993,38:275-301.
[7]衡雪梅.小菜蛾的综合防治措施[J].河南农业科学,2002(7):53.
[8]翟兴礼,杨霞.苦楝果实甲醇提取液对菜青虫、小菜蛾致死活性研究[J].河南农业科学,2008(7):70-71.
[9]姜辉,陈景芬,王晓军,等.农药田间药效试验准则(一)杀虫剂防治十字花科蔬菜的鳞翅目幼虫:GB/T 17980.13—2000[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000:51-54.
[10]刘扬,缪勇,高希武,等.几种药剂对春甘蓝田小菜蛾及其天敌的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(13):3876-3877.
[11]丁雪玲,赵建伟,郑宇,等.不同杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾的田间药效研究[J].长江蔬菜,2015(20):84-87.
[12]章金明,宋亮,黄芳,等.不同地区小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺和茚虫威的抗性初报[J].浙江农业科学,2012(6):857-859,861.
[13]胡珍娣,陈焕瑜,李振宇,等.华南小菜蛾田间种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺已产生严重抗性[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(1):79-81.
[14]肖春雷,罗丰,刘勇,等.氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾的室内毒力测定及防治效果[J].中国蔬菜,2012(16):86-89.
[15]周夏芝,音正兵,王广宇.印楝素对小菜蛾的毒力测定与防效研究[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(3):115-116.
[16]闫喜中,孙学俊,邓彩萍,等.球孢白僵菌GDS菌株对小菜蛾致病力的测定[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(11):1221-1223.