玉米象和米象交配行为研究
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摘要
玉米象、米象是两种重要的储粮害虫,其蛀食性取食行为不仅可以引起粮食数量和质量的损失,还为赤拟谷盗等粉食性害虫的发生创造有利条件,因此研究玉米象和米象的繁殖交配行为对于减少其发生具有重要的意义。为了解玉米象、米象交配规律和雌虫对雄虫交配选择行为模式,在(28±5)℃、RH(60±5)%条件下观察不同日龄玉米象和米象的交配行为。结果显示:在自然光照条件下,玉米象、米象在羽化后15 d内,交配起始时间随日龄增长而缩短,交配持续时间随日龄增长而延长,玉米象和米象的交配高峰期分别是羽化后15日龄和15~20日龄,在此期间交配起始时间最短,交配时间最长,交配率最高;与光照条件相比,黑暗条件下米象和玉米象的交配起始时间和交配持续时间显著提高,但交配率并无显著差异。玉米象和米象雌虫交配偏好选择个体较大的雄虫,分别占比75%±0.58%和65%±1.15%,但其交配起始时间和交配持续时间均无显著性差异。结果说明了玉米象和米象交配规律是交配持续时间均随日龄的增加而增加,黑暗条件更有利于玉米象和米象的交配,玉米象和米象雌虫交配偏好选择个体较大的雄虫。研究玉米象、米象交配规律为科学防治玉米象、米象提供了理论支持和基础数据。
Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky,maize weevil,and Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus,rice weevil,are two bored pests,whose feeding behavior can not only cause loss of weight and quality of stored grains,but also create favorable conditions for the occurrence of powdery feeding pests such as Tribolium castaneum Herbst.Therefore,the research on mating behavior of Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae is of great importance to reduce its occurrence. In order to understand the mating regularity and mating preference of maize weevil and rice weevil,the mating behavior of maize weevil and rice weevil was observed at different day age under(28 ± 5)℃and(60 ± 5)% RH. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the mating latency time and the age while mating duration correlated positively with age during 15 days of maize weevil and rice weevil under natural light conditions. The peak mating age of maize weevil and rice weevil were 15 days and 15～20 days after emergence,respectively,during which the maize weevil and rice weevil had the shortest mating latency time,the longest mating duration and the highest mating rate. Compared with the natural light conditions,the mating latency time and mating duration of maize weevil and rice weevil increased significantly in darkness,while the mating rates had no obvious difference. What's more,large body size males of maize weevil and rice weevil got chance to mate easily,accounting for 75.00% ± 0.58% and 65.00% ± 1.15%,but the mating latency time and mating duration differed non-significantly. The results revealed that mating duration of maize weevil and rice weevil increased with age,the dark conditions were more conducive to the mating,and maize weevil and rice weevil females preferred to choose heavier males. The research on the mating behavior of maize weevil and rice weevil will provide theoretical support and basic data for controlling them scientifically.
Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky,maize weevil,and Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus,rice weevil,are two bored pests,whose feeding behavior can not only cause loss of weight and quality of stored grains,but also create favorable conditions for the occurrence of powdery feeding pests such as Tribolium castaneum Herbst.Therefore,the research on mating behavior of Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae is of great importance to reduce its occurrence. In order to understand the mating regularity and mating preference of maize weevil and rice weevil,the mating behavior of maize weevil and rice weevil was observed at different day age under(28 ± 5)℃and(60 ± 5)% RH. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the mating latency time and the age while mating duration correlated positively with age during 15 days of maize weevil and rice weevil under natural light conditions. The peak mating age of maize weevil and rice weevil were 15 days and 15～20 days after emergence,respectively,during which the maize weevil and rice weevil had the shortest mating latency time,the longest mating duration and the highest mating rate. Compared with the natural light conditions,the mating latency time and mating duration of maize weevil and rice weevil increased significantly in darkness,while the mating rates had no obvious difference. What's more,large body size males of maize weevil and rice weevil got chance to mate easily,accounting for 75.00% ± 0.58% and 65.00% ± 1.15%,but the mating latency time and mating duration differed non-significantly. The results revealed that mating duration of maize weevil and rice weevil increased with age,the dark conditions were more conducive to the mating,and maize weevil and rice weevil females preferred to choose heavier males. The research on the mating behavior of maize weevil and rice weevil will provide theoretical support and basic data for controlling them scientifically.
引文
[1]孙萍.黑龙江省不同杨树品种(系)抗虫机理与青杨天牛危害的关系[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2008.
[2]闫喜中,孙学俊,邓彩萍,等.日龄和温度对小菜蛾交配行为的影响[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(8):829-831.
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[4]周睿琦,冯莲,全为礼,等.二化螟的交配行为及其影响因素[J].华中昆虫研究,2013,9:33-40.
[5]罗礼智,曹卫菊,钱坤,等.甜菜夜蛾交配行为和能力[J].昆虫学报,2003,46(4):494-499.
[6]曾昭华,杨茂发,武承旭.斜纹夜蛾的性选择行为[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(5):1084-1090.
[7]闫硕,李慧婷,朱威龙,等.光强度对棉铃虫交配行为的影响[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(9):1045-1050.
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[9] PAVKOVI LUCI S,KEKI V. Influence of mating experience on mating latency and copulation duration in Drosophila melanogaster females[J]. Russian Journal of Genetics,2009,45(7):875-877.
[10]周康念,张爵龙,邓礼,等.交配持续时间对茄28星瓢虫生殖适应性的影响[J].生物灾害科学,2012,35(1):40-44.
[11] ARNQVIST G,NILSSON T. The evolution of polyandry:multiple mating and female fitness in insects[J]. Animal Behaviour,2000,60(2):145-164.
[12] HIDAY P,PHILLIPS T W,FRENCHCONSTANT R H. Molecular and morphological characters discriminate Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais(Coleoptera:curculionidae)and confirm reproductive isolation[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1996,89(5):645-652.
[13] PENG W K,LIN H C,CHEN C N,et al.DNA identification of two laboratory colonies of the weevils,Sitophilus oryzae(L.)and S.zeamais Motschulsky(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)in Taiwan[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research,2003,39(2):225-235.
[14]张玉荣,岳纲冬,王海荣.不同虫态米象和玉米象蛀蚀小麦后其籽粒中脂类物质的变化[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(3):1-5.
[15]王继婷,王殿轩,赵海鹏,等.磷化氢对小麦中玉米象致死效果的研究[J].植物保护,2017,43(1):106-111.
[16]王殿轩,李兆东,陆群,等.不同温度下米象的运动行为研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(4):6-9.
[17]崔建新,贾文英,鲁玉杰,等.温度对玉米象飞行能力的影响[J].河南科技学院学报'C'C'C(自然科学版),2015,43(2):24-29.
[18] SOUSA A H,FARONI L R A,GUEDES R N C. Locomotor behavior of Sitophilus zeamais,populations under sublethal ozone exposure[J]. Journal of Pest Science,2017,90(1):239-247.
[19] CLOUTIER C,DUPERRON J,TERTUIANO M,et al. Host instar,body size and fitness in the koinobiotic parasitoid Aphidius nigripes[J]. Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata,2000,97(1):29-40.
[20]白旭光,王殿轩.储藏物害虫与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:154-155.
[21] DEVI S R,THOMAS A,REBIJITH K B,et al. Biology,morphology and molecular characterization of Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research,2017,73:135-141.
[22]匡先钜,徐婧,孙兴华,等.温度对大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly交配行为的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2010,32(3):307-311.
[23] MATTHEWS R W,MATTHEWS J R. Insect behavior[M]. Netherlands:Insect Behavior.Springer Netherlands,2010:261-290.
[24] DRONEY D C,THAKER M. Factors influencing mating duration and male choice in the red milkweed beetle,Tetraopes tetrophthalmus(Forster)(Coleoptera Cerambycidae)[J].Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology,2006,18(3):173-183.
[25]刘兴平,何海敏,匡先钜,等.影响大猿叶虫交配持续时间的因素[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(5):549-554.
[26] MAPAQUIAS J B,RAMALHO F S,FERNANDES F S, et al. Effects of photoperiod on reproduction and longevity of Podisus nigrispinus(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,2010,103(4):603-610.
[27] OMKAR PATHAK S. Effects of different photoperiods and wavelengths of light on the lifehistory traits of an aphidophagous ladybird,Coelophora saucia,(Mulsant)[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology,2006,130(1):45-50.
[28]曾昭华,杨茂发,武承旭.斜纹夜蛾的性选择行为[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(5):1084-1090.
[29] SUZUKI S. Mate choice and copulation frequency in the burying beetle Nicrophorus quadripunctatus(Coleoptera:Silphidae):effect of male body size and presence of a rival[J/L]. Psyche,2009:904604..
[30] CHRISTY J H. Female choice in the resourcedefense mating system of the sand fiddler crab,Uca pugilator[J]. Behavioral Ecology&Sociobiology,1983,12(2):169-180.
[31] HUNT J,BROOKS R,JENNIONS M D. Female mate choice as a condition-dependent life-history trait[J]. American Naturalist,2005,166(1):79-92.
[32]李磊,覃伟权,黄山春,等.室内饲养红棕象甲的行为观察[J].应用昆虫学报,2009,46(6):926-929.
[2]闫喜中,孙学俊,邓彩萍,等.日龄和温度对小菜蛾交配行为的影响[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(8):829-831.
[3]邵颖,鲁玉杰,张峰,等.嗜虫书虱交配规律的研究[J].郑州工程学院学报,2004(1):37-39.
[4]周睿琦,冯莲,全为礼,等.二化螟的交配行为及其影响因素[J].华中昆虫研究,2013,9:33-40.
[5]罗礼智,曹卫菊,钱坤,等.甜菜夜蛾交配行为和能力[J].昆虫学报,2003,46(4):494-499.
[6]曾昭华,杨茂发,武承旭.斜纹夜蛾的性选择行为[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(5):1084-1090.
[7]闫硕,李慧婷,朱威龙,等.光强度对棉铃虫交配行为的影响[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(9):1045-1050.
[8] HERBERSTEIN M E,SCHNEIDER J M,HARMER A M T,et al. Sperm storage and copulation duration in a sexually cannibalistic spider[J]. Journal of Ethology,2011,29(1):9-15.
[9] PAVKOVI LUCI S,KEKI V. Influence of mating experience on mating latency and copulation duration in Drosophila melanogaster females[J]. Russian Journal of Genetics,2009,45(7):875-877.
[10]周康念,张爵龙,邓礼,等.交配持续时间对茄28星瓢虫生殖适应性的影响[J].生物灾害科学,2012,35(1):40-44.
[11] ARNQVIST G,NILSSON T. The evolution of polyandry:multiple mating and female fitness in insects[J]. Animal Behaviour,2000,60(2):145-164.
[12] HIDAY P,PHILLIPS T W,FRENCHCONSTANT R H. Molecular and morphological characters discriminate Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais(Coleoptera:curculionidae)and confirm reproductive isolation[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1996,89(5):645-652.
[13] PENG W K,LIN H C,CHEN C N,et al.DNA identification of two laboratory colonies of the weevils,Sitophilus oryzae(L.)and S.zeamais Motschulsky(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)in Taiwan[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research,2003,39(2):225-235.
[14]张玉荣,岳纲冬,王海荣.不同虫态米象和玉米象蛀蚀小麦后其籽粒中脂类物质的变化[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(3):1-5.
[15]王继婷,王殿轩,赵海鹏,等.磷化氢对小麦中玉米象致死效果的研究[J].植物保护,2017,43(1):106-111.
[16]王殿轩,李兆东,陆群,等.不同温度下米象的运动行为研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(4):6-9.
[17]崔建新,贾文英,鲁玉杰,等.温度对玉米象飞行能力的影响[J].河南科技学院学报'C'C'C(自然科学版),2015,43(2):24-29.
[18] SOUSA A H,FARONI L R A,GUEDES R N C. Locomotor behavior of Sitophilus zeamais,populations under sublethal ozone exposure[J]. Journal of Pest Science,2017,90(1):239-247.
[19] CLOUTIER C,DUPERRON J,TERTUIANO M,et al. Host instar,body size and fitness in the koinobiotic parasitoid Aphidius nigripes[J]. Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata,2000,97(1):29-40.
[20]白旭光,王殿轩.储藏物害虫与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:154-155.
[21] DEVI S R,THOMAS A,REBIJITH K B,et al. Biology,morphology and molecular characterization of Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research,2017,73:135-141.
[22]匡先钜,徐婧,孙兴华,等.温度对大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly交配行为的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2010,32(3):307-311.
[23] MATTHEWS R W,MATTHEWS J R. Insect behavior[M]. Netherlands:Insect Behavior.Springer Netherlands,2010:261-290.
[24] DRONEY D C,THAKER M. Factors influencing mating duration and male choice in the red milkweed beetle,Tetraopes tetrophthalmus(Forster)(Coleoptera Cerambycidae)[J].Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology,2006,18(3):173-183.
[25]刘兴平,何海敏,匡先钜,等.影响大猿叶虫交配持续时间的因素[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(5):549-554.
[26] MAPAQUIAS J B,RAMALHO F S,FERNANDES F S, et al. Effects of photoperiod on reproduction and longevity of Podisus nigrispinus(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,2010,103(4):603-610.
[27] OMKAR PATHAK S. Effects of different photoperiods and wavelengths of light on the lifehistory traits of an aphidophagous ladybird,Coelophora saucia,(Mulsant)[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology,2006,130(1):45-50.
[28]曾昭华,杨茂发,武承旭.斜纹夜蛾的性选择行为[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(5):1084-1090.
[29] SUZUKI S. Mate choice and copulation frequency in the burying beetle Nicrophorus quadripunctatus(Coleoptera:Silphidae):effect of male body size and presence of a rival[J/L]. Psyche,2009:904604..
[30] CHRISTY J H. Female choice in the resourcedefense mating system of the sand fiddler crab,Uca pugilator[J]. Behavioral Ecology&Sociobiology,1983,12(2):169-180.
[31] HUNT J,BROOKS R,JENNIONS M D. Female mate choice as a condition-dependent life-history trait[J]. American Naturalist,2005,166(1):79-92.
[32]李磊,覃伟权,黄山春,等.室内饲养红棕象甲的行为观察[J].应用昆虫学报,2009,46(6):926-929.