中国农技推广体系的现状、问题及政策研究
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摘要
通过对全国7个省28个县62个乡的农技推广体系调查发现,新一轮的农技推广体系改革显著提高了农技推广单位的经费收入,增加了农技人员下乡为农民提供技术服务的时间,多元化的农村社会化服务体系也已经逐渐形成。然而,农技推广行政化、政府公共信息服务能力弱化等现行体制的老问题不仅未能解决,反而有所强化;而激励机制丧失、乡级农技推广部门弱化、人事制度改革失败等新问题已成为限制基层农技部门做好为农民技术服务的重要原因。为此,本研究提出了深化农技推广体制改革、加强政府农技部门病虫害预测预报能力建设、改革现行的人事制度和加强农村社会化服务体系建设等政策建议。
A random sample survey of China's agricultural extension system was conducted in 62 towns in 28 counties in 7 provinces at the end of 2016. We found that the latest agricultural extension system reforms have significantly increased the funds of agricultural extension institutes,and the time that agricultural extension agents spend on technology services. Moreover,a diversified rural social service system has been gradually established. However,some old problems,including the administration of agricultural extension activities,and weakening of the government's public information service capacity,have been not solved but even severer. Moreover,the lack of incentive mechanisms,weakening of town-level agricultural extension services, and failure of personnel system reform restrict the local agricultural extension institutes to well providing technology services. Therefore,we propose deepening the reform of agricultural extension system,strengthening the crop pest monitoring and forecasting system,reforming the current personnel system,and strengthening the construction of rural social service system.
A random sample survey of China's agricultural extension system was conducted in 62 towns in 28 counties in 7 provinces at the end of 2016. We found that the latest agricultural extension system reforms have significantly increased the funds of agricultural extension institutes,and the time that agricultural extension agents spend on technology services. Moreover,a diversified rural social service system has been gradually established. However,some old problems,including the administration of agricultural extension activities,and weakening of the government's public information service capacity,have been not solved but even severer. Moreover,the lack of incentive mechanisms,weakening of town-level agricultural extension services, and failure of personnel system reform restrict the local agricultural extension institutes to well providing technology services. Therefore,we propose deepening the reform of agricultural extension system,strengthening the crop pest monitoring and forecasting system,reforming the current personnel system,and strengthening the construction of rural social service system.
引文
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[2]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利---在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[3]胡瑞法,黄季焜,李立秋.中国农技推广:现状、问题及解决对策[J].管理世界,2004(5):50-57.
[4]胡瑞法,李立秋,张真和,石尚柏.农户需求型技术推广机制示范研究[J].农业经济问题,2006(11):50-56.
[5]孙振玉.农业技术推广研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[6]Chao Zhang,Ruifa Hu,Guanming Shi,et al.Overuse or underuse?An observation of pesticide use in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,538(1-6).
[7]Ruifa Hu,Zhijian Yang,Peter Kelly,et al.Agricultural extension system reform and agent time allocation in China[J].China Economic Review,2009,20(2):303-315.
[8]Ruifa Hu,Yaqing Cai,Kevin Z.Chen,et al.Effects of inclusive public agricultural extension service:Results from a policy reform experiment in western China[J].China Economic Review,2012,23(4):962-974.
[9]黄季焜,胡瑞法,智华勇.基层农业技术推广体系30年发展与改革:政策评估和建议[J].农业技术经济,2009(1):4-11.
[10]王家年.以钱养事:农村公共产品供给中的公共财政新思路[J].农村经济,2010(1):75-77.
[11]胡瑞法,黄季焜,李立秋.中国农技推广体系现状堪忧---来自7省28县的典型调查[J].中国农技推广,2004(3):6-8.