体育锻炼跨理论模型的研究进展、反思及走向
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摘要
归纳梳理跨理论模型的内涵,盘点跨理论模型构成要素、研究对象、研究类型的最新进展,反思研究中存在的问题,展望研究领域的未来走向。研究认为:(1)跨理论模型从一个动态的过程描述人类的锻炼行为变化,克服了二分法研究的局限,跨理论模型注重个体行为与环境的相互作用;(2)在构成要素的研究中,变化阶段划分的合理性受到质疑,变化过程研究罕见以及与变化阶段的关系不清晰;(3)跨理论模型的理论架构解释存在争议;(4)研究对象多为学生,样本代表性不足;(5)研究类型多描述性研究,预测性研究存在争议,干预性研究范式只有2种。未来对跨理论模型构成要素的研究将更全面,研究对象和研究范式将走向多元,基于跨理论模型制定的干预策略将更加科学、预测效果更加准确。
This article is about summarizing the connotation of trans-theoretical model in physical exercise,presenting its components,research objects and latest development,as well as showing its flaws and the future developmental trend in this research field. The study shows that:( 1) the trans-theoretical model trying to describing the dynamic process of the behavior change in human exercise,and mainly focus on the interaction between individual behavior and the circumstance around; the trans-theoretical model overcomes the limitations of dichotomy;( 2) however by exploring components of the model,the stages division is not so reasonable,the research supporting the change process seems rare and also the relation between change process and change stage is not clear;( 3) the explanation of this model's theoretical framework is still controversial;( 4)besides the majority of the subjects in related researches are all students,what makes the representative of its research sample is insufficient;( 5) the model mainly supported by descriptive researches,a few predictive researches within still in dispute,and the two intervention research paradigm seems flimsy. In the future,researches for the trans-theoretical model in physical exercise would be more comprehensive,the research subjects and paradigm would transform to multiple,the intervention strategy based on trans-theoretical model will be more scientific and accurate.
This article is about summarizing the connotation of trans-theoretical model in physical exercise,presenting its components,research objects and latest development,as well as showing its flaws and the future developmental trend in this research field. The study shows that:( 1) the trans-theoretical model trying to describing the dynamic process of the behavior change in human exercise,and mainly focus on the interaction between individual behavior and the circumstance around; the trans-theoretical model overcomes the limitations of dichotomy;( 2) however by exploring components of the model,the stages division is not so reasonable,the research supporting the change process seems rare and also the relation between change process and change stage is not clear;( 3) the explanation of this model's theoretical framework is still controversial;( 4)besides the majority of the subjects in related researches are all students,what makes the representative of its research sample is insufficient;( 5) the model mainly supported by descriptive researches,a few predictive researches within still in dispute,and the two intervention research paradigm seems flimsy. In the future,researches for the trans-theoretical model in physical exercise would be more comprehensive,the research subjects and paradigm would transform to multiple,the intervention strategy based on trans-theoretical model will be more scientific and accurate.
引文
[1]PROCHASKA J O,NORCROSS J C. Systems of psychotherapy:atranstheoretical analysis[J]. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience,2015,12(9):2732-2739.
[2]PROCHASKA J O,DICLEMENTE CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking:toward an integrative model of change[J]. Journal of Consulting&Clinical Psychology,1983,51(3):390-395.
[3]SONSTROEM R J,HARLOW L L,JOSEPHS L. Exercise and self-esteem:validity of model expansion and exercise associations[J]. Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1994,16(1):29-42.
[4]程小虎,卢标.对大学生体育锻炼行为阶段性特点的调查研究[J].体育与科学,1998,19(2):55-58.
[5]程小虎,张凯.国外关于体育锻炼行为的研究理论和成果的综述[J].湖北体育科技,1998,17(1):44-47.
[6]程小虎,卢标.一、二年级大学生体育锻炼行为阶段性特点的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,1998,32(2):44-47.
[7]司琦.大学生体育锻炼行为的阶段变化与心理因素研究[J].体育科学,2005,25(12):76-83.
[8]沈梦英,毛志雄,张一民.中国成年人锻炼行为的影响因素:HAPA与TPB两个理论模型的整合[J].体育科学,2010,30(12):48-54.
[9]尹博.健康行为改变的跨理论模型[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(3):194-199.
[10]郭志平,黄志剑,李正中,等.大学新生锻炼行为阶段变化与心理因素研究[J].中国体育科技,2008,44(1):36-39.
[11]方敏.青少年锻炼行为阶段变化与变化过程的关系[J].西安体育学院学报,2011,28(3):349-355.
[12]包呼和.运用跨理论模型对蒙古族大学生体育锻炼行为改变的研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2012,31(2):71-74.
[13]MARCUS B H,SELBY V C,NIAURA R S,et al. Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change.[J]. Research Quarterly for Exercise&Sport,1992,63(1):60-66.
[14]JANIS I L,MANN L. A conflict-theory approach to attitude change and decision making[C]//GREENWALD A G. Psychological foundations of attitudes. Burlington:Elsevier Inc.,1968:327-360.
[15]方敏,孙影,赵俊红.青少年锻炼行为的阶段变化模化研究[J].中国公共卫生,2006,22(8):902-903.
[16]司琦,陈红玉,刘海群,等.促进弱势群体参与体育锻炼的干预研究:以听力残疾学生为例[J].体育科学,2010,30(7):32-41.
[17]郭文,曹蕾,邹循豪.基于跨理论模型的认知行为干预对体质健康突出问题大学生运动行为影响的实验研究[J].安徽体育科技,2012,33(2):41-44.
[18]王东升,马勇占.自我效能在体育锻炼行为改变过程中的中介作用分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2014,31(2):242-249.
[19]杨剑,季浏,杨文礼,等.基于体育锻炼的阶段变化模型干预对肥胖小学生自我效能、自尊及体重影响的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2014,29(3):185-189.
[20] NIGG C R. Explaining adolescent exercise behavior change:a longitudinal application of thetranstheoretical model[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2001,23(1):11-20.
[21]徐莉,瞿旭平,毛晨佳,等.运用跨理论模型对中小学生久坐行为干预效果评价[J].中华流行病学杂志,2011,32(2):142-145.
[22]WOODS C,MUTRIE N,SCOTT M. Physical activity intervention:atranstheoretical model-based intervention designed to help sedentary young adults become active[J].Health Education Research,2002,17(4):451-460.
[23]司琦.影响大学生锻炼行为阶段变化的各心理因素间的路径分析[J].体育科学,2006,26(8):29-32.
[24]孙福成,章迅,刘新兰,等.行为改变跨理论模式对大学生课余体育锻炼的指导研究[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2008,22(4):89-92.
[25]高艳敏,杨文礼,杨剑,等.跨理论模型对肥胖小学生体育锻炼行为及体重影响的研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2014,33(6):124-128.
[26]马爱国,王雪芹,王念辉,等.运用跨理论模型对公务员体育锻炼行为改变的调查分析[J].体育学刊,2009,16(9):51-54.
[27]赵媛媛.运用跨理论模型对高校教师体育锻炼行为改变阶段的研究[J].安徽体育科技,2011,32(1):77-79.
[28]李正中,郭志平,刘劲松.城市居民锻炼行为阶段与心理因素的探讨[J].中国体育科技,2008,44(2):69-71.
[29]郭新艳,徐玖平.城镇居民体育锻炼行为变化阶段量表的编制与检验:基于四川省部分城市居民社区的调查[J].成都体育学院学报,2010,36(5):71-74.
[30] SONSTROEM R J. Stage model of exercise adoption[C]//Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. New York:American Psychological Association,1987.
[31]Courneya K S. Perceived severity of the consequences of physical inactivity across the stages of change in older adults[J]. Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1995,17(4):447-457.
[32] Courneya K S,Bobick T M. Integrating the theory of planned behavior with the processes and stages of change in the exercise domain[J]. Psychology of Sport&Exercise,2000,1(1):41-56.
[33]COURNEYA K S,NIGG C R,ESTABROOKS P A. Relationships among the theory of planned behavior,stages of change,and exercise behavior in older persons over a three year period[J]. Psychology&Health,1998,13(2):355-367.
[34]PRAPAVESSIS H,MADDISON R,BRADING F. Exercise behavior among New Zealand adolescents:a test of the Transtheoretical Model[J]. Journal of Adolescent Health,2004,35(4):17-27.
[35]DISHMAN R K,VANDENBERG R J,MOTL R W,et al. Using constructs of the transtheoretical model to predict classes of change in regular physical activity:a multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort study[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2010,40(2):150-163.
[36]BOCK B C,MARCUS B H,BOCK F R. Six months exercise maintenance following an intervention tailored via computer expert system[J]. Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise,1998,30(5):308.
[37]BLISSMER B,MCAULEY E. Testing the requirements of stages of physical activity among adults:The comparative effectiveness of stage-matched,mismatched,standard care,and control interventions[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2002,24(3):181-189.
[38]VELICER W F,DICLEMENTE CC,PROCHASKA J O,et al. Decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status[J]. Journal of Personality&Social Psychology,1985,48(5):1279-1289.
[39]杨剑,郭正茂,季浏.锻炼行为理论模型发展述评[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2016,35(1):73-81.
[40]杨剑.中学生体育活动行为的社会生态学理论模式研究[C]//2015第十届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(一).北京:中国体育科学学会,2015:2.
[2]PROCHASKA J O,DICLEMENTE CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking:toward an integrative model of change[J]. Journal of Consulting&Clinical Psychology,1983,51(3):390-395.
[3]SONSTROEM R J,HARLOW L L,JOSEPHS L. Exercise and self-esteem:validity of model expansion and exercise associations[J]. Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1994,16(1):29-42.
[4]程小虎,卢标.对大学生体育锻炼行为阶段性特点的调查研究[J].体育与科学,1998,19(2):55-58.
[5]程小虎,张凯.国外关于体育锻炼行为的研究理论和成果的综述[J].湖北体育科技,1998,17(1):44-47.
[6]程小虎,卢标.一、二年级大学生体育锻炼行为阶段性特点的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,1998,32(2):44-47.
[7]司琦.大学生体育锻炼行为的阶段变化与心理因素研究[J].体育科学,2005,25(12):76-83.
[8]沈梦英,毛志雄,张一民.中国成年人锻炼行为的影响因素:HAPA与TPB两个理论模型的整合[J].体育科学,2010,30(12):48-54.
[9]尹博.健康行为改变的跨理论模型[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(3):194-199.
[10]郭志平,黄志剑,李正中,等.大学新生锻炼行为阶段变化与心理因素研究[J].中国体育科技,2008,44(1):36-39.
[11]方敏.青少年锻炼行为阶段变化与变化过程的关系[J].西安体育学院学报,2011,28(3):349-355.
[12]包呼和.运用跨理论模型对蒙古族大学生体育锻炼行为改变的研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2012,31(2):71-74.
[13]MARCUS B H,SELBY V C,NIAURA R S,et al. Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change.[J]. Research Quarterly for Exercise&Sport,1992,63(1):60-66.
[14]JANIS I L,MANN L. A conflict-theory approach to attitude change and decision making[C]//GREENWALD A G. Psychological foundations of attitudes. Burlington:Elsevier Inc.,1968:327-360.
[15]方敏,孙影,赵俊红.青少年锻炼行为的阶段变化模化研究[J].中国公共卫生,2006,22(8):902-903.
[16]司琦,陈红玉,刘海群,等.促进弱势群体参与体育锻炼的干预研究:以听力残疾学生为例[J].体育科学,2010,30(7):32-41.
[17]郭文,曹蕾,邹循豪.基于跨理论模型的认知行为干预对体质健康突出问题大学生运动行为影响的实验研究[J].安徽体育科技,2012,33(2):41-44.
[18]王东升,马勇占.自我效能在体育锻炼行为改变过程中的中介作用分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2014,31(2):242-249.
[19]杨剑,季浏,杨文礼,等.基于体育锻炼的阶段变化模型干预对肥胖小学生自我效能、自尊及体重影响的研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2014,29(3):185-189.
[20] NIGG C R. Explaining adolescent exercise behavior change:a longitudinal application of thetranstheoretical model[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2001,23(1):11-20.
[21]徐莉,瞿旭平,毛晨佳,等.运用跨理论模型对中小学生久坐行为干预效果评价[J].中华流行病学杂志,2011,32(2):142-145.
[22]WOODS C,MUTRIE N,SCOTT M. Physical activity intervention:atranstheoretical model-based intervention designed to help sedentary young adults become active[J].Health Education Research,2002,17(4):451-460.
[23]司琦.影响大学生锻炼行为阶段变化的各心理因素间的路径分析[J].体育科学,2006,26(8):29-32.
[24]孙福成,章迅,刘新兰,等.行为改变跨理论模式对大学生课余体育锻炼的指导研究[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2008,22(4):89-92.
[25]高艳敏,杨文礼,杨剑,等.跨理论模型对肥胖小学生体育锻炼行为及体重影响的研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2014,33(6):124-128.
[26]马爱国,王雪芹,王念辉,等.运用跨理论模型对公务员体育锻炼行为改变的调查分析[J].体育学刊,2009,16(9):51-54.
[27]赵媛媛.运用跨理论模型对高校教师体育锻炼行为改变阶段的研究[J].安徽体育科技,2011,32(1):77-79.
[28]李正中,郭志平,刘劲松.城市居民锻炼行为阶段与心理因素的探讨[J].中国体育科技,2008,44(2):69-71.
[29]郭新艳,徐玖平.城镇居民体育锻炼行为变化阶段量表的编制与检验:基于四川省部分城市居民社区的调查[J].成都体育学院学报,2010,36(5):71-74.
[30] SONSTROEM R J. Stage model of exercise adoption[C]//Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. New York:American Psychological Association,1987.
[31]Courneya K S. Perceived severity of the consequences of physical inactivity across the stages of change in older adults[J]. Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1995,17(4):447-457.
[32] Courneya K S,Bobick T M. Integrating the theory of planned behavior with the processes and stages of change in the exercise domain[J]. Psychology of Sport&Exercise,2000,1(1):41-56.
[33]COURNEYA K S,NIGG C R,ESTABROOKS P A. Relationships among the theory of planned behavior,stages of change,and exercise behavior in older persons over a three year period[J]. Psychology&Health,1998,13(2):355-367.
[34]PRAPAVESSIS H,MADDISON R,BRADING F. Exercise behavior among New Zealand adolescents:a test of the Transtheoretical Model[J]. Journal of Adolescent Health,2004,35(4):17-27.
[35]DISHMAN R K,VANDENBERG R J,MOTL R W,et al. Using constructs of the transtheoretical model to predict classes of change in regular physical activity:a multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort study[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2010,40(2):150-163.
[36]BOCK B C,MARCUS B H,BOCK F R. Six months exercise maintenance following an intervention tailored via computer expert system[J]. Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise,1998,30(5):308.
[37]BLISSMER B,MCAULEY E. Testing the requirements of stages of physical activity among adults:The comparative effectiveness of stage-matched,mismatched,standard care,and control interventions[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2002,24(3):181-189.
[38]VELICER W F,DICLEMENTE CC,PROCHASKA J O,et al. Decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status[J]. Journal of Personality&Social Psychology,1985,48(5):1279-1289.
[39]杨剑,郭正茂,季浏.锻炼行为理论模型发展述评[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2016,35(1):73-81.
[40]杨剑.中学生体育活动行为的社会生态学理论模式研究[C]//2015第十届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(一).北京:中国体育科学学会,2015:2.