雌雄同体的“她者”——译者主体性视角下宋碧云《啼笑皆非》汉译研究
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摘要
本文立足译者主体性视角,以宋碧云《啼笑皆非》汉译为例,从译本选择、译语操控、翻译目的、译者认知和视阈融合等五方面分析了雌雄同体的译者主体身份及特定时代背景对译文重建的影响。本文认为,译者作为独立于原文及其作者而存在的翻译主体,其译者主体性自然地受到来自于自身政治立场、文化背景、价值倾向及所处的特定社会、历史环境等诸多因素影响,使其在实际的翻译过程中不可避免地对原作在语句文意、文本结构乃至作品立意作出一定程度的润色和修正。在翻译活动中,译者主体性不仅精准记述了译者对于作品文本的主体操控,更是清晰描绘了其在翻译过程中的思维路径。这一系列的改动最终使时代译作得以脱离作者意志,并在新时期背景下获得其独立的文本意义,从而焕发新生。
From the perspective of translator’s subjectivity,this paper,by taking Song Biyun’s Chinese translation of Between Tears and Laughter as an example,attempts to analyze the impact of the androgynous translator’s subjectivity and historical background of her time on the target text reconstruction from such five aspects as choice of source text,manipulation of target language,motivation of translation activity,cognition of the translator and fusion of horizons.It holds that the translator is the very translation subject acting independently from the source text as well as its writer in the translation process,and that the translator’s subjectivity,in fact,results from the joint action made of his/her political stand,cultural background,value priorities as well as the specific social and historical environment where he/she lives,so that it is inevitable for the translator to manipulate and modify somewhat the source text regarding its textual meaning,textual structure and even its political orientation.Therefore,the translator’s subjectivity is likely to be clearly described in terms of his/her intentional manipulation of the text and his/her thinking path.In this sense,the translator’s manipulative modifications of this kind would impose a significant impact on the target text and pump a new life into the source text originally created in a given era.
From the perspective of translator’s subjectivity,this paper,by taking Song Biyun’s Chinese translation of Between Tears and Laughter as an example,attempts to analyze the impact of the androgynous translator’s subjectivity and historical background of her time on the target text reconstruction from such five aspects as choice of source text,manipulation of target language,motivation of translation activity,cognition of the translator and fusion of horizons.It holds that the translator is the very translation subject acting independently from the source text as well as its writer in the translation process,and that the translator’s subjectivity,in fact,results from the joint action made of his/her political stand,cultural background,value priorities as well as the specific social and historical environment where he/she lives,so that it is inevitable for the translator to manipulate and modify somewhat the source text regarding its textual meaning,textual structure and even its political orientation.Therefore,the translator’s subjectivity is likely to be clearly described in terms of his/her intentional manipulation of the text and his/her thinking path.In this sense,the translator’s manipulative modifications of this kind would impose a significant impact on the target text and pump a new life into the source text originally created in a given era.
引文
[1]Chamberlain L.Gender and the metaphorics of translation[J].Signs Journal of Women in Culture&Society,1988,13(3):454~472.
[2]Farley M S.Reviewed Work:“Between Tears and Laughter”by Lin Yutang[J].Far Eastern Survey,1943(12):193.
[3]Fernandez R.Book Review:“Between Tears&Laughter”[J].America,1943(69):581.
[4]Huang T-l.White Terror Exhibit Unveil Part of the Truth[N].Taipei Times,2005—05—20.http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archivees/2005/05/20/2003255840.
[5]Lin,Yutang.Between Tears and Laughter[M].New York:The John Day Company,1943.
[6]Nord C.Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
[7]Vermeer H J.Skopos and Commission in Translational Action[A].In Venuti L(Ed.).The Translation Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2000:221~232.
[8]Venuti L.The Translator’s Invisibility:A History of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2006.
[9]陈大亮.谁是翻译主体[J].中国翻译,2004(2):3~7.
[10]陈蕙荃.文学翻译中的自译研究:以林语堂《啼笑皆非》为个案[D].杭州:浙江财经大学,2009.
[11]方梦之.译学辞典[Z].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2003.
[12]费尔巴哈.费尔巴哈哲学著作选集(上)[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1961.
[13]冯小巍.《老人与海》海观译本和宋碧云译本语言风貌对比[J].语文建设,2015(7):60~61.
[14]冯欣欣.林语堂《啼笑皆非》自译研究——林语堂译本玉宋碧云译本的比较研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[15]郭沫若.啼笑皆是[A].郭沫若全集第19卷[C].北京:人民文学出版社,1992.
[16]何明霞,汪桂芬.《老人与海》的两个中译本译风比较[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2001(4):349~351.
[17]洪汉鼎.真理与方法[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1999.
[18]霍郭浩.基于语料库的《苏东坡传》汉译本译者风格比较研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2015.
[19]李文静,穆雷.翻译性别他/她者——论译者的双性视角[J].四川外语学院学报,2008(3):97~101.
[20]林语堂.啼笑皆非[M].宋碧云译.台北:远景出版社,1980.
[21]林语堂.啼笑皆非[M].北京:群言出版社,2010.
[22]林语堂.苏东坡传[M].宋碧云译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2015.
[23]潘平亮.操控?反操控?——后现代语境下的译者主体性研究[J].四川外语学院学报,2005(5):124~128.
[24]屠国元.译者主体性——阐释学的阐释[J].中国翻译,2003(6):8~14.
[25]万平近.林语堂论[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1987.
[26]吴任玉.关联理论视角下《老人与海》两个中译本对比研究[D].株洲:湖南工业大学,2012.
[27]夏贵清.译者主体性的内涵及其表现[J].贵州工业大学学报(社会科学版),2004(4):89~92.
[28]许宝强,袁伟.语言与翻译的政治[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2001.
[29]余健明.海明威风格汉译研究[D].上海:上海外国语大学,2009.
[30]查明建,田雨.论译者的主体性——从译者文化地位的边缘化谈起[J].中国翻译,2003(1):19~24.
[31]詹姆斯·乔伊斯.尤利西斯[M].金隄译.北京:人民文学出版社,1996.
[32]赵佳佳.基于语料库翻译学理论的译者风格研究——两个汉译本分析[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2013.
[33]仲伟合,周静.译者的极限与底线——试论译者主体性与译者的天职[J].外语与外语教学,2006(7):42~46.
(1)本文英文例句均引自林语堂的Between Tears and Laughter,1943年出版。
(2)本文中文例句和引用均引自宋碧云所译《啼笑皆非》,1980年出版。
[2]Farley M S.Reviewed Work:“Between Tears and Laughter”by Lin Yutang[J].Far Eastern Survey,1943(12):193.
[3]Fernandez R.Book Review:“Between Tears&Laughter”[J].America,1943(69):581.
[4]Huang T-l.White Terror Exhibit Unveil Part of the Truth[N].Taipei Times,2005—05—20.http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archivees/2005/05/20/2003255840.
[5]Lin,Yutang.Between Tears and Laughter[M].New York:The John Day Company,1943.
[6]Nord C.Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
[7]Vermeer H J.Skopos and Commission in Translational Action[A].In Venuti L(Ed.).The Translation Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2000:221~232.
[8]Venuti L.The Translator’s Invisibility:A History of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2006.
[9]陈大亮.谁是翻译主体[J].中国翻译,2004(2):3~7.
[10]陈蕙荃.文学翻译中的自译研究:以林语堂《啼笑皆非》为个案[D].杭州:浙江财经大学,2009.
[11]方梦之.译学辞典[Z].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2003.
[12]费尔巴哈.费尔巴哈哲学著作选集(上)[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1961.
[13]冯小巍.《老人与海》海观译本和宋碧云译本语言风貌对比[J].语文建设,2015(7):60~61.
[14]冯欣欣.林语堂《啼笑皆非》自译研究——林语堂译本玉宋碧云译本的比较研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[15]郭沫若.啼笑皆是[A].郭沫若全集第19卷[C].北京:人民文学出版社,1992.
[16]何明霞,汪桂芬.《老人与海》的两个中译本译风比较[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2001(4):349~351.
[17]洪汉鼎.真理与方法[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1999.
[18]霍郭浩.基于语料库的《苏东坡传》汉译本译者风格比较研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2015.
[19]李文静,穆雷.翻译性别他/她者——论译者的双性视角[J].四川外语学院学报,2008(3):97~101.
[20]林语堂.啼笑皆非[M].宋碧云译.台北:远景出版社,1980.
[21]林语堂.啼笑皆非[M].北京:群言出版社,2010.
[22]林语堂.苏东坡传[M].宋碧云译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2015.
[23]潘平亮.操控?反操控?——后现代语境下的译者主体性研究[J].四川外语学院学报,2005(5):124~128.
[24]屠国元.译者主体性——阐释学的阐释[J].中国翻译,2003(6):8~14.
[25]万平近.林语堂论[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1987.
[26]吴任玉.关联理论视角下《老人与海》两个中译本对比研究[D].株洲:湖南工业大学,2012.
[27]夏贵清.译者主体性的内涵及其表现[J].贵州工业大学学报(社会科学版),2004(4):89~92.
[28]许宝强,袁伟.语言与翻译的政治[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2001.
[29]余健明.海明威风格汉译研究[D].上海:上海外国语大学,2009.
[30]查明建,田雨.论译者的主体性——从译者文化地位的边缘化谈起[J].中国翻译,2003(1):19~24.
[31]詹姆斯·乔伊斯.尤利西斯[M].金隄译.北京:人民文学出版社,1996.
[32]赵佳佳.基于语料库翻译学理论的译者风格研究——两个汉译本分析[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2013.
[33]仲伟合,周静.译者的极限与底线——试论译者主体性与译者的天职[J].外语与外语教学,2006(7):42~46.
(1)本文英文例句均引自林语堂的Between Tears and Laughter,1943年出版。
(2)本文中文例句和引用均引自宋碧云所译《啼笑皆非》,1980年出版。