实验动物从业人员职业伤害和自我防护与其焦虑、抑郁水平的相关性
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摘要
目的:探讨实验动物从业人员职业伤害和自我防护及焦虑、抑郁状况,并分析它们间的相关性,为其职业自我防护和心理健康提供指导。方法:采用整群抽样法,使用自制职业伤害及自我防护问卷、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)对237名实验动物从业人员的职业伤害和自我防护现状与焦虑、抑郁水平进行调查。结果:实验动物从业人员焦虑、抑郁均高于常模水平,且抑郁和焦虑状态并存的实验动物从业人员占24.9%。他们职业伤害的主要来源为物理性(接触粉尘及大小鼠的抓咬伤)、化学性(直接接触化学消毒剂或化学试剂)、生物性(接触未知病原微生物的实验动物及实验动物过敏)。"监测血清抗体水平,必要时预防接种"这一防护措施是他们最容易忽视的。他们的焦虑、抑郁与职业伤害程度呈正相关,与自我防护水平呈负相关。结论:实验动物行业管理层应重视实验动物从业人员心理状况的评估,对出现焦虑、抑郁等人员应给予必要的心理疏导,减轻其焦虑或抑郁的程度甚至让之消失,从而进一步提高其自我防护水平,以减少职业伤害的威胁。
Objective: To investigate occupational injury,self- protection and anxiety,depression among laboratory animal workers and analyze their relationship,thus providing direction for self- protection and occupational health guidance. Methods: 237 laboratory animal workers from Hangzhou,Wenzhou,Shanghai by cluster sampling,were investigated with Self- rating Anxiety Scale( SAS),Self- rating Depression Scale( SDS) and self- made questionnaire. Results: The score of laboratory animal workers' anxiety and depression were higher than the national norm,and laboratory animal workers who both had anxiety and depression emotional state accounted for 24. 9%. Their occupational injuries mainly came from physical( dust exposure and bites or scratches of rats),chemical( direct contact with chemical sanitizer or reagent),biological( contact with laboratory animals of unknown bacterial and pathogens and laboratory animal allergy). The most ignored protective measures were serum antibody level monitoring and vaccination. Their anxiety and depression were positively correlated with occupational injury,but were negatively correlated with self- protection. Conclusion: Laboratory animal management should put emphasis on psychological situation,and provide mental therapy if necessary,in order to further improve their self- protection and reduce the threat of occupational.
Objective: To investigate occupational injury,self- protection and anxiety,depression among laboratory animal workers and analyze their relationship,thus providing direction for self- protection and occupational health guidance. Methods: 237 laboratory animal workers from Hangzhou,Wenzhou,Shanghai by cluster sampling,were investigated with Self- rating Anxiety Scale( SAS),Self- rating Depression Scale( SDS) and self- made questionnaire. Results: The score of laboratory animal workers' anxiety and depression were higher than the national norm,and laboratory animal workers who both had anxiety and depression emotional state accounted for 24. 9%. Their occupational injuries mainly came from physical( dust exposure and bites or scratches of rats),chemical( direct contact with chemical sanitizer or reagent),biological( contact with laboratory animals of unknown bacterial and pathogens and laboratory animal allergy). The most ignored protective measures were serum antibody level monitoring and vaccination. Their anxiety and depression were positively correlated with occupational injury,but were negatively correlated with self- protection. Conclusion: Laboratory animal management should put emphasis on psychological situation,and provide mental therapy if necessary,in order to further improve their self- protection and reduce the threat of occupational.
引文
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[2]Watson D,Weber K,Assenheimer J S,et al.Testing a tripartite model:I.Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales[J].J Abnorm Psychol,1995,104(1):3-14
[3]卢国华.坚韧人格与应激、心身反应的关系[D].天津:天津师范大学,2008
[4]Choi H Y,Kim S I,Yun K W,et al.A study on correlation between anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation[J].Psychiatry Investing,2011,8(4):320-326
[5]Cavanagh J T,Carson A J,Sharpe M,et al.Psychological autopsy studies of suicide:A systematic review[J].Psychol Med,2003,33(3):395-405
[6]Wang R H,Lai H J,Hsu H Y,et al.Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation among Taiwanese adolescents[J].Nurs Res,2011,60(6):413-421
[7]景志杰,陈朝阳,刘田福.实验动物从业人员的健康问题[J].职业与健康,2011,27(5):569-571
[8]李玲,沈勤.不同类型医院护士工作压力与主观幸福感的调查研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2008,16(11):1285-1287
[9]梁晓亮,马文有,岳玲梅,等.精神科医生与护理人员心理健康状况调查[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(6):855-856
[10]赵芳芳,陈宏林,顾艳荭,等.护士主观幸福感的现状及其影响因素研究[J].中华护理杂志,2012,47(6):531-533
[11]汪向东,王希林,马弘,等.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,2003:194,235
[12]张作记.行为医学量表手册[M].北京:中华医学电子音像出版社,2005:213,223
[13]孔琪.全国实验动物行业现状调查和发展对策研究[D].北京:中国协和医科大学,2008
[14]庞万勇,朱德生,贺争鸣,等.美国实验动物医学发展简史-对中国实验动物医学发展的思考[J].中国比较医学杂志,2011,21(10,11):81-86+38
[15]杨晓芳,胡绍云.护士社会支持及应对方式与焦虑、抑郁的关系研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(3):300-301
[16]Gilbert P.走出抑郁[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2009:9,39,309
[17]梁宝勇.精神压力、应对与健康应激与应对的临床心理学研究[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2006:40-41