中国牧区饲草产品储备发展现状及展望
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摘要
21世纪以来,我国人口数量持续增长,居民消费水平不断提高,肉、蛋、奶等畜禽产品需求量不断增加,人们对畜产品的需求改变了畜牧业发展的方向。目前,畜牧业正处于传统畜牧业向现代畜牧业的转型期,但是自由放牧生产模式仍占有很大比重,故保证饲草均衡供给,是畜牧业健康、稳定发展的根本。本文介绍了我国牧区饲草储备存在的问题,简述了饲草储备建设的必要性,并提出了在新形势下有利于我国饲草储备调控的对策和建议,以期完善我国饲草产品储备管理体系、稳定国家饲草安全:1)增加基础设施建设投入,增强抵御自然灾害能力;2)申请设立饲草运输绿色通道,降低运输成本,扩大贸易和流通运输体系;3)完善和健全饲草安全生产相关法律保障制度体系;4)建立和完善饲草产品生产经营的扶持政策,加大扶持力度,引导社会金融资金转向饲草产品生产经营领域。
With the increasing population and corresponding food consumption in China,the demand for animal products such as meat,eggs,and milk has increased drastically.The direction of animal husbandry has largely depended on the demand.Currently,traditional methods of animal husbandry has shifted to more modern means of animal husbandry.However,grazing is a major concern in food production.It is essential for healthy and stable development of animal husbandry to ensure a sustainable food supply.This article examines the problem of forage-grass reserve balance in China,expounds on the necessity of forage-grass reserve construction,and puts forward several suggestions:1)The current state of infrastructure construction is weak,meaning that the ability to resist damage caused by natural disasters is insufficient,and an increase in infrastructure spending is urgently needed.2)Reduction in the cost of transport of forage-grass products is needed,through expanding trade and transportation.3)To speed up the legislative process,improvement in the legal system regulating the use of forage-grass products is needed.4)Establishment of supporting policies governing the processing and management of forage-grass production is required to allow for social and financial improvements in forage-grass production.These changes will improve forage-grass product reserve and management and play aguiding role for stabilizing forage sustainability.
With the increasing population and corresponding food consumption in China,the demand for animal products such as meat,eggs,and milk has increased drastically.The direction of animal husbandry has largely depended on the demand.Currently,traditional methods of animal husbandry has shifted to more modern means of animal husbandry.However,grazing is a major concern in food production.It is essential for healthy and stable development of animal husbandry to ensure a sustainable food supply.This article examines the problem of forage-grass reserve balance in China,expounds on the necessity of forage-grass reserve construction,and puts forward several suggestions:1)The current state of infrastructure construction is weak,meaning that the ability to resist damage caused by natural disasters is insufficient,and an increase in infrastructure spending is urgently needed.2)Reduction in the cost of transport of forage-grass products is needed,through expanding trade and transportation.3)To speed up the legislative process,improvement in the legal system regulating the use of forage-grass products is needed.4)Establishment of supporting policies governing the processing and management of forage-grass production is required to allow for social and financial improvements in forage-grass production.These changes will improve forage-grass product reserve and management and play aguiding role for stabilizing forage sustainability.
引文
[1]李维薇.努力发展现代草业,推进草原畜牧业产业转型升级.草业科学,2017,34(9):1765-1766.Li W W.Efforts to develop modern grass industry,promote the grassland animal husbandry industry transformation and upgrading.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9):1765-1766.(in Chinese)
[2]马启智.保护草原生态、建设美丽牧区.草业学报,2014,23(1):1-2.Ma Q Z.Protect the grassland ecology,build the beautiful pastoral areas.Acta Prataculturae Science,2014,23(1):1-2.(in Chinese)
[3]鲁安新,冯学智,曾群柱.西藏那曲牧区雪灾因子主成分分析.冰川冻土,1997,19(2):180-185.Lu A X,Feng X Z,Zeng Q Z.Principal component analysis of the snow disaster factors in the pastoral Nagqu Prefecture,Tibet.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1997,19(2):180-185.(in Chinese)
[4]方精云,潘庆民,高树琴,景海春,张文浩.“以小保大”原理:用小面积人工草地建设换取大面积天然草地的保护与修复.草业科学,2016,33(10):1913-1916.Fang J Y,Pan Q M,Gao S Q,Jing H C,Zhang W H.“Small vs.Large Area”principle:Protecting and restoring a large area of natural grassland by establishing a small area of cultivated pasture.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):1913-1916.(in Chinese)
[5]张旭凤.应急物资分类体系及采购战略分析.中国市场,2007(32):110-111.Zhang X F.Analysis of classify system for contigency materials and purchase strategy.Chinese Market,2007(32):110-111.(in Chinese)
[6]霍达,吴耀华.基于地区特性的应急物资分类研究.物流技术,2010,29(16):11-12,24.Huo D,Wu Y H.Categorization of emergency materials based on local characteristics.Logistics Technology,2010,29(16):11-12,24.(in Chinese)
[7]西爱琴,刘阳,徐龙军,吴敬学.农户粮食储备决策:一个国内外文献研究综述.经济问题探索,2013(9):157-162.Xi A Q,Liu Y,Xu L J,Wu J X.Farmers grain reserves:A literature research at home and abroad were reviewed.Inquiry into Economic Issue,2013(9):157-162.(in Chinese)
[8]任秀珍,郭华,贾玉山,格根图,邵永利.典型草原区绵羊抗灾保畜饲草料的初步研究.内蒙古草业,2003,15(4):38-41.Ren X Z,Guo H,Jia Y S,Gegentu,Shao Y L.The primary research on the typical steppe to against disaster and protect sheep.Inner Mongolia Prataculture,2003,15(4):38-41.(in Chinese)
[9]孙悦,刘合光,孙东升.世界主要粮食储备体系的比较研究.经济社会体制比较,2011(2):47-53.Sun Y,Liu H G,Sun D S.A comparative study of the world's major grain reserves system.Comparative Economic&Social System,2011(2):47-53.(in Chinese)
[10]曹武军,曹光美.供应链环境下基于政府储备的生鲜农产品抛售问题研究.江苏农业科学,2014,42(10):408-410.Cao W J,Cao G M.Under the environment of supply chain based on government reserves of fresh agricultural products selling problem research.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(10):408-410.(in Chinese)
[11]丁路明,张世挺,韩永杰,范悦,李小刚.甘南州夏河县牧区冬春饲草储备与抗灾运营模式.家畜生态学报,2013,34(4):83-85.Ding L M,Zhang S T,Han Y J,Fan Y,Li X G.Winter and spring forage storage and disaster-combat management mode in pastoral areas in Xiahe County Gannan Prefecture.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastic,2013,34(4):83-85.(in Chinese)
[12]苏伦高娃.内蒙古地理环境对会展业发展的影响.价值工程,2012,31(10):114-115.Sulungaowa.Influence of geographical environment of Inner Mongolia on exhibition industry development.Value Engineering,2012,31(10):114-115.(in Chinese)
[13]宋维佳.我国粮食储备体系重组的基本分析.财经问题研究,2006(3):10-15.Song W J.The basic analysis of China’s grain reserves system restructuring.Studies of Finance and Economics,2006(3):10-15.(in Chinese)
[14]乔莉.少数民族地区应急物资储备体系刍议.云南民族大学学报(社会科学版),2014,21(4):67-71.Qiao L.A study of the reserve system of emergency materials in the minority areas of China.Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Social Sciences),2014,21(4):67-71.(in Chinese)
[15]方精云,白永飞,李凌浩,蒋高明,黄建辉,黄振英,张文浩,高树琴.我国草原牧区可持续发展的科学基础与实践.科学通报,2016,61(2):155-164.Fang J Y,Bai Y F,Li L H,Jiang G M,Huang J H,Huang Z Y,Zhang W H,Gao S Q.Scientific basis and practical ways for sustainable development of China’s pasture region.Chinese Science Bulletin,2016,61(2):155-164.(in Chinese)
[16]贾玉山,都帅,王志军,尤思涵,格根图.中国牧区饲草储备展望.草业学报,2015,24(9):1-8.Jia Y S,Du S,Wang Z J,You S H,Gegentu.A prospect of herbage storage in Chinese pastoral.Acta Prataculturae Science,2015,24(9):1-8.(in Chinese)
[17]刘寿东,王赛,郭泓麟.内蒙古牧区家畜死亡率与气象灾害关系研究.内蒙古气象,2015(3):13-17.Liu S D,Wang S,Guo H L.Analysis on the relationship between animal mortality and meteorological disasters in Inner Mongolia Pastoral Area.Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia,2015(3):13-17.(in Chinese)
[2]马启智.保护草原生态、建设美丽牧区.草业学报,2014,23(1):1-2.Ma Q Z.Protect the grassland ecology,build the beautiful pastoral areas.Acta Prataculturae Science,2014,23(1):1-2.(in Chinese)
[3]鲁安新,冯学智,曾群柱.西藏那曲牧区雪灾因子主成分分析.冰川冻土,1997,19(2):180-185.Lu A X,Feng X Z,Zeng Q Z.Principal component analysis of the snow disaster factors in the pastoral Nagqu Prefecture,Tibet.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1997,19(2):180-185.(in Chinese)
[4]方精云,潘庆民,高树琴,景海春,张文浩.“以小保大”原理:用小面积人工草地建设换取大面积天然草地的保护与修复.草业科学,2016,33(10):1913-1916.Fang J Y,Pan Q M,Gao S Q,Jing H C,Zhang W H.“Small vs.Large Area”principle:Protecting and restoring a large area of natural grassland by establishing a small area of cultivated pasture.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):1913-1916.(in Chinese)
[5]张旭凤.应急物资分类体系及采购战略分析.中国市场,2007(32):110-111.Zhang X F.Analysis of classify system for contigency materials and purchase strategy.Chinese Market,2007(32):110-111.(in Chinese)
[6]霍达,吴耀华.基于地区特性的应急物资分类研究.物流技术,2010,29(16):11-12,24.Huo D,Wu Y H.Categorization of emergency materials based on local characteristics.Logistics Technology,2010,29(16):11-12,24.(in Chinese)
[7]西爱琴,刘阳,徐龙军,吴敬学.农户粮食储备决策:一个国内外文献研究综述.经济问题探索,2013(9):157-162.Xi A Q,Liu Y,Xu L J,Wu J X.Farmers grain reserves:A literature research at home and abroad were reviewed.Inquiry into Economic Issue,2013(9):157-162.(in Chinese)
[8]任秀珍,郭华,贾玉山,格根图,邵永利.典型草原区绵羊抗灾保畜饲草料的初步研究.内蒙古草业,2003,15(4):38-41.Ren X Z,Guo H,Jia Y S,Gegentu,Shao Y L.The primary research on the typical steppe to against disaster and protect sheep.Inner Mongolia Prataculture,2003,15(4):38-41.(in Chinese)
[9]孙悦,刘合光,孙东升.世界主要粮食储备体系的比较研究.经济社会体制比较,2011(2):47-53.Sun Y,Liu H G,Sun D S.A comparative study of the world's major grain reserves system.Comparative Economic&Social System,2011(2):47-53.(in Chinese)
[10]曹武军,曹光美.供应链环境下基于政府储备的生鲜农产品抛售问题研究.江苏农业科学,2014,42(10):408-410.Cao W J,Cao G M.Under the environment of supply chain based on government reserves of fresh agricultural products selling problem research.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(10):408-410.(in Chinese)
[11]丁路明,张世挺,韩永杰,范悦,李小刚.甘南州夏河县牧区冬春饲草储备与抗灾运营模式.家畜生态学报,2013,34(4):83-85.Ding L M,Zhang S T,Han Y J,Fan Y,Li X G.Winter and spring forage storage and disaster-combat management mode in pastoral areas in Xiahe County Gannan Prefecture.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastic,2013,34(4):83-85.(in Chinese)
[12]苏伦高娃.内蒙古地理环境对会展业发展的影响.价值工程,2012,31(10):114-115.Sulungaowa.Influence of geographical environment of Inner Mongolia on exhibition industry development.Value Engineering,2012,31(10):114-115.(in Chinese)
[13]宋维佳.我国粮食储备体系重组的基本分析.财经问题研究,2006(3):10-15.Song W J.The basic analysis of China’s grain reserves system restructuring.Studies of Finance and Economics,2006(3):10-15.(in Chinese)
[14]乔莉.少数民族地区应急物资储备体系刍议.云南民族大学学报(社会科学版),2014,21(4):67-71.Qiao L.A study of the reserve system of emergency materials in the minority areas of China.Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Social Sciences),2014,21(4):67-71.(in Chinese)
[15]方精云,白永飞,李凌浩,蒋高明,黄建辉,黄振英,张文浩,高树琴.我国草原牧区可持续发展的科学基础与实践.科学通报,2016,61(2):155-164.Fang J Y,Bai Y F,Li L H,Jiang G M,Huang J H,Huang Z Y,Zhang W H,Gao S Q.Scientific basis and practical ways for sustainable development of China’s pasture region.Chinese Science Bulletin,2016,61(2):155-164.(in Chinese)
[16]贾玉山,都帅,王志军,尤思涵,格根图.中国牧区饲草储备展望.草业学报,2015,24(9):1-8.Jia Y S,Du S,Wang Z J,You S H,Gegentu.A prospect of herbage storage in Chinese pastoral.Acta Prataculturae Science,2015,24(9):1-8.(in Chinese)
[17]刘寿东,王赛,郭泓麟.内蒙古牧区家畜死亡率与气象灾害关系研究.内蒙古气象,2015(3):13-17.Liu S D,Wang S,Guo H L.Analysis on the relationship between animal mortality and meteorological disasters in Inner Mongolia Pastoral Area.Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia,2015(3):13-17.(in Chinese)