林芝不同紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)栽培品种鉴定及品质研究
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摘要
紫花苜蓿不仅营养丰富、适口性好、分布广、饲用价值高,而且具有生物固氮、改土培肥、保持水土的作用,是西藏优质高产的优良牧草。本研究采用田间随机区组试验,以引种阿尔冈金苜蓿为对照,鉴定早年林芝栽培的2种紫花苜蓿的品种,测定其生产性能及营养品质。结果表明:早年林芝栽培的2种紫花苜蓿为肇东苜蓿,公农1号苜蓿;3个紫花苜蓿的形态特征差异明显,引进种阿尔冈金苜蓿的干草产量(441.6 g)、蛋白质(18.7%)、水分含量(77%)最大,鲜干比(4.29)也最大,茎叶比(1.14)较小,日生长速率(2.2 cm)较好,适口性好,品质最佳,适宜林芝种植;肇东苜蓿的品质与阿尔冈金苜蓿差异不显著(P>0.05),适宜当地推广;公农1号苜蓿日生长率最快(2.5 cm),茎叶比(1.14)较小,适口性好,但品质一般,蛋白质(15.1%)、水分含量(58%)、鲜干比(2.39)最低,产量最低(334.9 g),公农1号苜蓿品质与阿尔冈金苜蓿差异显著(P<0.05),推广种植应用时应慎重考虑。
In order to select Medicago Sativa varieties for adapting to the local climate in Nyingchi, an experiment of complete randomized block was conducted to compare the productivity and quality of three varieties of Medicago Sativa in this study. The results showed that under the same conditions of geographical, climatic and management, there were large differences among the Medicago Sativa varieties. The yieled(441.6 g), protein(18.7%), moisture content(77%) and fresh-to-dry ratio(4.29) of Algonquin was the highest, but the ratio of stem to leaf(1.14) was smaller, which had good palatability, the best quality, better daily growth rate(2.2 cm), showing that it was suitable for Nyingchi planting. There was no significant difference in the production performance and nutritional quality between the local cultivars zhaodong and the introduced species(P>0.05), which was suitable for local promotion. However, the growth rate of Gongnong No.1 of the farmer's day 1 was the fastest(2.5 cm), which was small stem-to-leaf ratio(1.14) and good palatability, and the quality was general with protein(15.1%), water content(58%) and the lowest fresh-to-dry ratio(2.39) and yield lowest(334.9 g), which were significantly different from the introduced species(P<0.05). Thus, careful consideration should be taken while planting applications.
In order to select Medicago Sativa varieties for adapting to the local climate in Nyingchi, an experiment of complete randomized block was conducted to compare the productivity and quality of three varieties of Medicago Sativa in this study. The results showed that under the same conditions of geographical, climatic and management, there were large differences among the Medicago Sativa varieties. The yieled(441.6 g), protein(18.7%), moisture content(77%) and fresh-to-dry ratio(4.29) of Algonquin was the highest, but the ratio of stem to leaf(1.14) was smaller, which had good palatability, the best quality, better daily growth rate(2.2 cm), showing that it was suitable for Nyingchi planting. There was no significant difference in the production performance and nutritional quality between the local cultivars zhaodong and the introduced species(P>0.05), which was suitable for local promotion. However, the growth rate of Gongnong No.1 of the farmer's day 1 was the fastest(2.5 cm), which was small stem-to-leaf ratio(1.14) and good palatability, and the quality was general with protein(15.1%), water content(58%) and the lowest fresh-to-dry ratio(2.39) and yield lowest(334.9 g), which were significantly different from the introduced species(P<0.05). Thus, careful consideration should be taken while planting applications.
引文
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[3]秦彧,周志宇,姜文清等.西藏主要栽培牧草,作物秸秆营养价值评价[J].草业科学,2010,27(5):14 0-147.
[4]杨富裕,张蕴薇,苗彦军等.西藏草业发展战略研究[J].中国草地学报,2004,26(4):67-71.
[5]苗彦军,徐雅梅,谢庄.西藏草地畜牧业现状分析及可持续发展途径[J].中国草地学报,2001,23(4):73-75.
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[7]曹宏,马生发,韩雍等.5个紫花苜蓿品种在陇东地区的引进筛选试验[J].草业科学,2014,31(9):176 1-1766.
[8]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍等.12个紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):22-25.
[9]魏臻武,符昕,曹致中等.苜蓿生长特性和产草量关系的研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(4):1-8.
[10]孙启忠,玉柱,马春晖等.我国苜蓿产业过去10年发展成就与未来10年发展重点[J].草业科学,2013,30(3):471-477.
[11]王雪,李志萍,孙建军等.中国苜蓿品种的选育与研究[J].草业科学,2014,31(3):512-518.
[12]曹致中.优质苜蓿栽培与利用[M].中国农业出版社,2002.
[13]韩清芳,贾志宽.紫花苜蓿种质资源评价与筛选[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2004.
[14]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[15]孙涛.西藏牧区高产饲料作物引种及栽培与利用[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.
[16]孙建平,张志华,董宽虎.晋北地区不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较[J].草业科学,2016,33(11):2300-2305.
[17]Falkner L K,Casler M D.Preference for Smooth Bromegrass Clones Is Affected by Divergent Selection for Nutritive Value[J].Cropence,1998,38(3):690-695.
[18]Casler M D.Breeding forage crops for increased nutritional value.[J].Advances in Agronomy,2001,71(01):51-107.
[19]Stevenr L,Henryf M.Comparative mapping of fiber,protein,and mineral content QTLs in two interspecific Leymus wildrye full-sib families[J].Molecular BreedIng.2007.20(4):331-347.
[20]Soest P J V.Nutritional ecology of the ruminant.[J].Cornell University P,1982,44(11):2552-2561.
[21]Mcallistera T A,Feniuka R,Mira Z,et al.Inoculants for alfalfa silage:Effects on aerobic stability,digestibility and the growth performance of feedlot steers[J].Livestock Production Science,1998,53(2):171-181.
[22]孙建华,王彦荣,余玲.紫花苜蓿品种间产量性状评价[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1837-1844.
[23]张晓娜,宋书红,林艳艳等.生育期和品种对紫花苜蓿产量及品质的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(3):676-681.
[24]Buxton D R,Hornstein J S,Marten G C.Genetic variation for forage quality of alfalfa stems.[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1987,67(4):1057-1067.
[25]杨曌,张新全,李向林等.应用灰色关联度综合评价17个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):67-72.
[26]都帅,尤思涵,刘燕等.不同刈割时期与刈割高度对苜蓿品质的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):874-878.
[27]Brummer E C,Shah M M,Luth D.Reexamining the relationship between fall dormancy and winter hardiness in alfalfa.[J].Crop Science,2000,40(4):971-977.
[28]王建勋,杨青川,曹致中等.紫花苜蓿再生特性及再生性状相关性研究[J].草地学报,2007,15(5):423-428.
[29]于林清,张旭婧,云锦凤.不同秋眠类型苜蓿品种生产性能与持久性分析[J].草业科学,2006,23(12):71-75.
[30]南红梅,王俊鹏,闫建波.8个引进苜蓿品种的生长特性比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(13):2261-2265.
[31]王亚玲,李晓芳,师尚礼等.紫花苜蓿生产性能构成因子分析与评价[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):8-15.
[32]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍等.12个紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):22-25.
[33]马力,周鹏,高小叶等.非秋眠和半秋眠紫花苜蓿品种在华东冬闲田的生长规律和营养动态[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(5):38-45.
[34]杨红善,常根柱,周学辉等.美国引进苜蓿品种半湿润区栽培试验[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):121-127.
[35]徐玉鹏,赵忠祥,王秀领等.紫花苜蓿品质性状和农艺性状的相关性研究[J].草业科学,2008,25(7):46-49.
[36]张帆,康俊梅,龙瑞才等.紫花苜蓿杂交群体产量相关性状的遗传分析[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(5):39-45.
[37]高润.土默川平原14个引进苜蓿品种适应性评价及遗传多样性分析[D].中国农业科学院,2017.
[2]王鑫,马永祥,李娟.紫花苜蓿营养成分及主要生物学特性[J].草业科学,2003,20(10):39-41.
[3]秦彧,周志宇,姜文清等.西藏主要栽培牧草,作物秸秆营养价值评价[J].草业科学,2010,27(5):14 0-147.
[4]杨富裕,张蕴薇,苗彦军等.西藏草业发展战略研究[J].中国草地学报,2004,26(4):67-71.
[5]苗彦军,徐雅梅,谢庄.西藏草地畜牧业现状分析及可持续发展途径[J].中国草地学报,2001,23(4):73-75.
[6]焦亮,李阳春,魏臻武等.10个紫花苜蓿品种比较试验[J].草原与草坪,2006(5):21-25.
[7]曹宏,马生发,韩雍等.5个紫花苜蓿品种在陇东地区的引进筛选试验[J].草业科学,2014,31(9):176 1-1766.
[8]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍等.12个紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):22-25.
[9]魏臻武,符昕,曹致中等.苜蓿生长特性和产草量关系的研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(4):1-8.
[10]孙启忠,玉柱,马春晖等.我国苜蓿产业过去10年发展成就与未来10年发展重点[J].草业科学,2013,30(3):471-477.
[11]王雪,李志萍,孙建军等.中国苜蓿品种的选育与研究[J].草业科学,2014,31(3):512-518.
[12]曹致中.优质苜蓿栽培与利用[M].中国农业出版社,2002.
[13]韩清芳,贾志宽.紫花苜蓿种质资源评价与筛选[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2004.
[14]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[15]孙涛.西藏牧区高产饲料作物引种及栽培与利用[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.
[16]孙建平,张志华,董宽虎.晋北地区不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较[J].草业科学,2016,33(11):2300-2305.
[17]Falkner L K,Casler M D.Preference for Smooth Bromegrass Clones Is Affected by Divergent Selection for Nutritive Value[J].Cropence,1998,38(3):690-695.
[18]Casler M D.Breeding forage crops for increased nutritional value.[J].Advances in Agronomy,2001,71(01):51-107.
[19]Stevenr L,Henryf M.Comparative mapping of fiber,protein,and mineral content QTLs in two interspecific Leymus wildrye full-sib families[J].Molecular BreedIng.2007.20(4):331-347.
[20]Soest P J V.Nutritional ecology of the ruminant.[J].Cornell University P,1982,44(11):2552-2561.
[21]Mcallistera T A,Feniuka R,Mira Z,et al.Inoculants for alfalfa silage:Effects on aerobic stability,digestibility and the growth performance of feedlot steers[J].Livestock Production Science,1998,53(2):171-181.
[22]孙建华,王彦荣,余玲.紫花苜蓿品种间产量性状评价[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1837-1844.
[23]张晓娜,宋书红,林艳艳等.生育期和品种对紫花苜蓿产量及品质的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(3):676-681.
[24]Buxton D R,Hornstein J S,Marten G C.Genetic variation for forage quality of alfalfa stems.[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1987,67(4):1057-1067.
[25]杨曌,张新全,李向林等.应用灰色关联度综合评价17个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):67-72.
[26]都帅,尤思涵,刘燕等.不同刈割时期与刈割高度对苜蓿品质的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):874-878.
[27]Brummer E C,Shah M M,Luth D.Reexamining the relationship between fall dormancy and winter hardiness in alfalfa.[J].Crop Science,2000,40(4):971-977.
[28]王建勋,杨青川,曹致中等.紫花苜蓿再生特性及再生性状相关性研究[J].草地学报,2007,15(5):423-428.
[29]于林清,张旭婧,云锦凤.不同秋眠类型苜蓿品种生产性能与持久性分析[J].草业科学,2006,23(12):71-75.
[30]南红梅,王俊鹏,闫建波.8个引进苜蓿品种的生长特性比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(13):2261-2265.
[31]王亚玲,李晓芳,师尚礼等.紫花苜蓿生产性能构成因子分析与评价[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):8-15.
[32]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍等.12个紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):22-25.
[33]马力,周鹏,高小叶等.非秋眠和半秋眠紫花苜蓿品种在华东冬闲田的生长规律和营养动态[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(5):38-45.
[34]杨红善,常根柱,周学辉等.美国引进苜蓿品种半湿润区栽培试验[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):121-127.
[35]徐玉鹏,赵忠祥,王秀领等.紫花苜蓿品质性状和农艺性状的相关性研究[J].草业科学,2008,25(7):46-49.
[36]张帆,康俊梅,龙瑞才等.紫花苜蓿杂交群体产量相关性状的遗传分析[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(5):39-45.
[37]高润.土默川平原14个引进苜蓿品种适应性评价及遗传多样性分析[D].中国农业科学院,2017.