川东石炭系尖灭带天然气聚集特征与勘探潜力
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摘要
四川盆地东部大面积发育石炭系尖灭带,这些尖灭带储层的非均质性强,形成了复杂的天然气聚集规律。通过近期的研究与勘探实践,认为川东石炭系黄龙组地层尖灭带受地层、岩性、构造、断裂等因素的控制,主要发育岩性—构造复合气藏、构造—岩性—地层复合气藏、岩性气藏。这些气藏受构造特征的影响,在褶皱强烈的地区形成以岩性—构造复合为主的天然气聚集模式,在宽缓斜坡区形成以岩性—地层为主的复合天然气聚集模式;认为地层尖灭带岩性气藏,由于其储层薄,不仅气藏规模小、个数多、常发育异常高压与异常超高压,展示出局部岩性封闭性极强的特征,其储层致密带的发育为构造围斜区大面积岩性圈闭的形成创造了有利条件;认为川东还存在广安—重庆石炭系西南部尖灭带、明月峡—涪陵北石炭系南部尖灭带、梁平古隆起东侧石炭系尖灭带及开县—马槽坝石炭系东北部尖灭带等4个有利勘探领域,这些区带不仅是川东石炭系以岩性—地层为主的复合圈闭的有利发育区,而且也是未来石炭系天然气勘探的重要新类型。
Carboniferous pinchout belts developed in a large area in the eastern part of Sichuan Basin. The reservoirs of these pinchout belts are strongly heterogeneous, leading to a complex natural gas accumulation law. It is concluded that the stratigraphic pinchout belts of Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in East Sichuan are controlled by a series of factors, such as strata, lithologic characters, structural and fault, with development of lithologic-structural compound gas reservoirs, structural-lithologic-stratigraphic compound gas reservoirs and lithologic gas reservoirs. In the strongly folded areas, natural gas is accumulated mainly in a lithologic-structural compound pattern because these gas reservoirs are influenced by structural characteristics. In the wide and gentle slope areas, natural gas is accumulated mainly in a lithologic-stratigraphic compound pattern. It is also assumed that the lithologic gas reservoirs of stratigraphic pinchout belts are not only small-scale and numerous but also abnormally high and ultra abnormally high in pressure, showing the characteristic of strong regional lithologic closure. Development of compact belts of reservoirs creates the favorable conditions for large-area lithologic closure of the structural enclosing slope zones. It is concluded that four favorable exploration areas exist in East Sichuan – the Guang'an-Chongqing Carboniferous southwestern pinchout belt, the Mingyuexia-Peilingbei Carboniferous southern pinchout belt, the Carboniferous pinchout belt east of Liangping palaeo-uplift, and the Kaixian-Macaoba Carboniferous northeastern pinchout belt. These belts are not only the favorable development areas of Carboniferous lithologic-stratigraphic compound traps in East Sichuan but also the important new types of Carboniferous natural gas exploration in the future.
Carboniferous pinchout belts developed in a large area in the eastern part of Sichuan Basin. The reservoirs of these pinchout belts are strongly heterogeneous, leading to a complex natural gas accumulation law. It is concluded that the stratigraphic pinchout belts of Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in East Sichuan are controlled by a series of factors, such as strata, lithologic characters, structural and fault, with development of lithologic-structural compound gas reservoirs, structural-lithologic-stratigraphic compound gas reservoirs and lithologic gas reservoirs. In the strongly folded areas, natural gas is accumulated mainly in a lithologic-structural compound pattern because these gas reservoirs are influenced by structural characteristics. In the wide and gentle slope areas, natural gas is accumulated mainly in a lithologic-stratigraphic compound pattern. It is also assumed that the lithologic gas reservoirs of stratigraphic pinchout belts are not only small-scale and numerous but also abnormally high and ultra abnormally high in pressure, showing the characteristic of strong regional lithologic closure. Development of compact belts of reservoirs creates the favorable conditions for large-area lithologic closure of the structural enclosing slope zones. It is concluded that four favorable exploration areas exist in East Sichuan – the Guang'an-Chongqing Carboniferous southwestern pinchout belt, the Mingyuexia-Peilingbei Carboniferous southern pinchout belt, the Carboniferous pinchout belt east of Liangping palaeo-uplift, and the Kaixian-Macaoba Carboniferous northeastern pinchout belt. These belts are not only the favorable development areas of Carboniferous lithologic-stratigraphic compound traps in East Sichuan but also the important new types of Carboniferous natural gas exploration in the future.
引文
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[6]何海清,李建忠.中国石油“十一五”以来油气勘探成果、地质新认识与技术进展[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):1-13.He Haiqing,Li Jianzhong.Petro China’s oil and gas exploration results,new geological theories and technological achievements since 11th Five-Year Plan period[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):1-13.
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[8]范文科,张福东,王宗礼,等.中国石油“十一五”天然气勘探新进展与未来大气田勘探新领域分析[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(1):8-13.Fan Wenke,Zhang Fudong,Wang Zongli,et al.New progress in natural gas exploration during“11th Five-Year Plan”period and analysis on Petro China’s new domains of large gas field Exploration in Future[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(1):8-13.
[9]邹才能,徐春春,李伟,等.川东石炭系大型岩性地层气藏形成条件与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):18-24.Zou Caineng,Xu Chunchun,Li Wei,et al.The formatiom conditions and exploration targets of Large Carboniferous lithologic and stratigraphic gas pools in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta petrolei sinica,2010,31(1):18-24.
[10]赵文智,胡素云,李建忠,等.我国陆上油气勘探领域变化与启示——过去十余年的亲历与感悟[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(4):1-10.Zhao Wenzhi,Hu Suyun,Li Jianzhong,et al.Changes and enlightenment of onshore oil/gas exploration domain in China—experience and perception in the past decade[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(4):1-10.
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[12]王芙蓉,陈振林,王雪莲,等.川东北地区石炭系成岩作用及储集性[J].海相油气地质,2004,9(1):91-96.Wang Furong,Chen Zhenlin,Wang Xuelian,et al.Diagenesis and reservoir quality of Carboniferous in Eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2004,9(1):91-96.
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[17]胡安平,陈汉林,杨树峰,等.卧龙河气田天然气成因及成藏主要控制因素[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):643-649.Hu Anping,Chen Hanlin,Yang Shufeng,et al.Origin of natural gas and main controlling factors of reservoirs in Wolonghe Gas Field[J].Acta petrolei sinica,2008,29(5):643-649.
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[20]郝石生.封存箱[J].中国海上油气(地质),1993,7(1):61-69.Hao Shisheng.Abnormally pressused fluid compartment[J].China offshore oil and gas(Geology),1993,7(1):61-69.
[21]文彩霞,李艳,张辉,等.流体封存箱与天然气成藏——以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田为例[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):14-19.Wen Caixia,Li Yan,Zhang Hui,et al.Fluid compartment and gas accumulation-take Sulige gas field in Ordos Basin for example[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):14-19.
[22]李伟,张志杰,邹才能,等.川东石炭系天然气成藏地质条件再认识及其勘探潜力预测[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):20-24.Li Wei,Zhang Zhijie,Zou Caineng,et al.Restudy of geologic condition and prediction of exploration potential in the Carboniferous gas reservoirs of the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(12):20-24.
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