华西雨屏区麻栎人工混交林凋落物水溶性碳、氮、磷含量及化学计量比随物候节律的变化特征
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摘要
为理解华西雨屏区人工林生态系统物质循环过程,以华西雨屏区典型麻栎人工混交林为对象,于2016年11月至2017年10月每月收集麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)凋落物(枝、叶、果),研究凋落物水溶性碳、氮、磷含量及其化学计量比随物候节律(萌芽期、展叶期、盛叶期、落叶期)的变化特征。结果表明:喜树和麻栎凋落物的水溶性碳、氮、磷含量表现出不同的变化趋势,并且最大值和最小值各不相同。凋落物水溶性碳、氮、磷含量随树种和凋落物类型而变化。整体而言,水溶性氮和磷含量均表现为果>叶>枝,水溶性碳含量表现为叶>果>枝。物候节律显著影响了凋落物的水溶性碳、氮、磷的化学计量比,并且凋落物水溶性碳、氮、磷化学计量比随树种和凋落物类型而变化,同时树种和物候期的交互作用显著影响凋落物水溶性碳、氮、磷的化学计量比。这些结果表明,物候节律是影响麻栎人工混交林凋落物水溶性碳、氮、磷含量及其化学计量比的关键因子,并受到树种和凋落物类型的影响。
To understand the biogeochemical cycles in artificial forest ecosystem,fresh litter( leaf,twig,and fruit) of Quercus acutissima and Camptotheca acuminata in the Q. acutissima mixed plantation were monthly collected in the Rainy Zone of West China from November 2016 to October 2017. The changes in the concentrations of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in the litter and their stoichiometry with the phenological rhythms( leaf sprouting stage,leaf expanding stage,frondent leaf stage,and senesced leaf stage) were investigated. Different trends of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations with phenological rhythms were observed in litter of Q. acutissima and C. acuminata,with different maximum and minimum values. Furthermore,the concentrations of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in leaf litter varied greatly with tree species and litter types. On the whole,the concentrations of watersoluble nitrogen and phosphorus in litter ranked as the order of fallen fruit > fallen leaf > fallen branch,while the concentration of water-soluble carbon in litter ranked as the order of fallen leaf>fallen fruit>fallen branch. The phenological rhythm significantly affected the stoichiometric ratios of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the litter of both species,which varied greatly with tree species and litter types. Meanwhile,the interaction of tree species and phenological stages significantly affected the stoichiometric ratios. The results suggested that the phenological rhythm was a key factor affecting the concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the litter of the Q. acutissima mixed plantation as well as tree species and litter types.
To understand the biogeochemical cycles in artificial forest ecosystem,fresh litter( leaf,twig,and fruit) of Quercus acutissima and Camptotheca acuminata in the Q. acutissima mixed plantation were monthly collected in the Rainy Zone of West China from November 2016 to October 2017. The changes in the concentrations of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in the litter and their stoichiometry with the phenological rhythms( leaf sprouting stage,leaf expanding stage,frondent leaf stage,and senesced leaf stage) were investigated. Different trends of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations with phenological rhythms were observed in litter of Q. acutissima and C. acuminata,with different maximum and minimum values. Furthermore,the concentrations of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in leaf litter varied greatly with tree species and litter types. On the whole,the concentrations of watersoluble nitrogen and phosphorus in litter ranked as the order of fallen fruit > fallen leaf > fallen branch,while the concentration of water-soluble carbon in litter ranked as the order of fallen leaf>fallen fruit>fallen branch. The phenological rhythm significantly affected the stoichiometric ratios of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the litter of both species,which varied greatly with tree species and litter types. Meanwhile,the interaction of tree species and phenological stages significantly affected the stoichiometric ratios. The results suggested that the phenological rhythm was a key factor affecting the concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of water-soluble carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the litter of the Q. acutissima mixed plantation as well as tree species and litter types.
引文
蔡春轶,黄建辉.2006.四川都江堰地区桢楠林、杉木林和常绿阔叶林土壤n库的季节变化.生态学报,26(8):2540-2548.
陈微微,寇亮,蒋蕾,等.2017.亚热带湿地松叶片多元素化学计量与养分回收对氮添加的短期响应.应用生态学报,28(4):1094-1102.
丁凡,廉培勇,曾德慧.2011.松嫩平原草甸三种植物叶片N、P化学计量特征及其与土壤N、P浓度的关系.生态学杂志,30(1):77-81.
郭剑芬,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.2006.森林凋落物分解研究进展.林业科学,42(4):93-100.
李云,周建斌,董燕捷,等.2012.黄土高原不同植物凋落物的分解特性.应用生态学报,23(12):3309-3316.
廖姝,杨万勤,彭艳,等.2016.土壤动物对四川盆地四种树种凋落叶在不同物候时期可溶性碳和氮动态的影响.生态学杂志,35(12):3172-3182.
刘超,王洋,王楠,等.2012.陆地生态系统植被氮磷化学计量研究进展.植物生态学报,36(11):1205-1216.
陆姣云,段兵红,杨梅,等.2018.植物叶片氮磷养分重吸收规律及其调控机制研究进展.草业学报,27(4):178-188.
聂富育,杨万勤,杨开军,等.2017.四川盆地西缘4种人工林土壤团聚体及有机碳特征.应用与环境生物学报,23(3):542-547.
唐罗忠,刘志龙,虞木奎,等.2010.两种立地条件下麻栎人工林地上部分养分的积累和分配.植物生态学报,34(6):661-670.
王文君,杨万勤,谭波,等.2015.四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林不同物候期土壤动物对凋落物氮和磷释放的影响.林业科学,51(1):1-11.
肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,等.2016.亚热带典型林分对表层和深层土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1031-1038.
徐李亚,杨万勤,李晗,等.2014.高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中水溶性氮和磷的影响.水土保持学报,28(3):214-221.
阎恩荣,王希华,周武.2008.天童常绿阔叶林演替系列植物群落的N∶P化学计量特征.植物生态学报,32(1):13-22.
原作强,李步杭,白雪娇,等.2010.长白山阔叶红松林凋落物组成及其季节动态.应用生态学报,21(9):2171-2178.
张川,杨万勤,岳楷,等.2016.高山森林溪流凋落叶冬季水溶性碳含量动态.环境科学学报,36(3):792-801.
周鹏,耿燕,马文红,等.2010.温带草地主要优势植物不同器官间功能性状的关联.植物生态学报,34(1):7-16.
朱万泽,王金锡,张秀艳,等.2007.华西雨屏区不同恢复阶段湿性常绿阔叶林的土壤微生物多样性.生态学报,27(4):1386-1396.
庄平,高贤明.2002.华西雨屏带及其对我国生物多样性保育的意义.生物多样性,10(3):339-344.
Aerts R,Chapin FSI.2000.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:A re-evaluation of processes and patterns.Advances in Ecological Research,30:1-67.
Agren GI.2004.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs:Theory and observations.Ecology Letters,7:185-191.
Alcazar R,Tiburcio AF.2010.Polyamines:Molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance.Planta,231:1237-1249.
Baldwin DS,Rees GN,Mitchell AM,et al.2006.The shortterm effect of salinization on anaerobic nutrient cycling and microbial community structure in sediment from a freshwater wetland.Wetlands,26:455-464.
Berg B,Mcclaugherty C.2014.Plant Litter.Decomposition,Humus Formation,Carbon Sequestration.Berlin:Springer Verlag.
Bingeman CW,Varner JE,Martin WP.1953.The effect of the addition of organic materials on the decomposition of an organic soil.Soil Science Society of America Journal,17:34-38.
Elser JJ,Fagan WF,Kerkhoff AJ,et al.2010.Biological stoichiometry of plant production:Metabolism,scaling and ecological response to global change.New Phytologist,186:593-608.
Flessa H,Ludwig B,Heil B,et al.2015.The origin of soil organic C,dissolved organic C and respiration in a long-term maize experiment in Halle,Germany,determined by13Cnatural abundance.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,163:157-163.
Güsewell S.2004.N∶P ratios in terrestrial plants:Variation and functional significance.New Phytologist,164:243-266.
Hume A,Chen HYH,Taylor AR,et al.2016.Soil C∶N∶Pdynamics during secondary succession following fire in the boreal forest of central Canada.Forest Ecology and Management,369:1-9.
Kaiser K,Guggenberger G,Haumaier L,et al.2001.Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in organic forest floor layer leachates of old-growth Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)stands in northeastern Bavaria,Germany.Biogeochemistry,55:103-143.
Kitayama K.2005.Comment on“Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences”.Science,308:633.
Michalzik B,Matzner E.1999.Dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a Central European Norway spruce ecosystem.European Journal of Soil Science,50:579-590.
Sterner RW,Elser JJ.2002.Ecological Stoichiometry:The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere.Princeton:Princeton University Press.
Uselman SM,Qualls RG,Lilienfein J.2012.Quality of soluble organic C,N,and P produced by different types and species of litter:Root litter versus leaf litter.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,54:57-67.
Vendramini F,Díaz S,Gurvich DE,et al.2002.Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species.New Phytologist,154:147-157.
Wang B,Wu F,Xiao S,et al.2016.Effect of succession gaps on the understory water-holding capacity in an over-mature alpine forest at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Hydrological Processes,30:692-703.
Yang X,Chi X,Ji C,et al.2016.Variations of leaf N,P concentrations in shrubland biomes across northern China:Phylogeny,climate and soil.Biogeosciences Discussions,12:18973-18998.
Yu Q,Chen Q,Elser JJ,et al.2010.Linking stoichiometric homoeostasis with ecosystem structure,functioning and stability.Ecology Letters,13:1390-1399.
Zhang Y,Yang J,Yang W,et al.2018.Climate,plant organs and species control dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in fresh litter in a subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Annals of Forest Science,75:51.
陈微微,寇亮,蒋蕾,等.2017.亚热带湿地松叶片多元素化学计量与养分回收对氮添加的短期响应.应用生态学报,28(4):1094-1102.
丁凡,廉培勇,曾德慧.2011.松嫩平原草甸三种植物叶片N、P化学计量特征及其与土壤N、P浓度的关系.生态学杂志,30(1):77-81.
郭剑芬,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.2006.森林凋落物分解研究进展.林业科学,42(4):93-100.
李云,周建斌,董燕捷,等.2012.黄土高原不同植物凋落物的分解特性.应用生态学报,23(12):3309-3316.
廖姝,杨万勤,彭艳,等.2016.土壤动物对四川盆地四种树种凋落叶在不同物候时期可溶性碳和氮动态的影响.生态学杂志,35(12):3172-3182.
刘超,王洋,王楠,等.2012.陆地生态系统植被氮磷化学计量研究进展.植物生态学报,36(11):1205-1216.
陆姣云,段兵红,杨梅,等.2018.植物叶片氮磷养分重吸收规律及其调控机制研究进展.草业学报,27(4):178-188.
聂富育,杨万勤,杨开军,等.2017.四川盆地西缘4种人工林土壤团聚体及有机碳特征.应用与环境生物学报,23(3):542-547.
唐罗忠,刘志龙,虞木奎,等.2010.两种立地条件下麻栎人工林地上部分养分的积累和分配.植物生态学报,34(6):661-670.
王文君,杨万勤,谭波,等.2015.四川盆地亚热带常绿阔叶林不同物候期土壤动物对凋落物氮和磷释放的影响.林业科学,51(1):1-11.
肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,等.2016.亚热带典型林分对表层和深层土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1031-1038.
徐李亚,杨万勤,李晗,等.2014.高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中水溶性氮和磷的影响.水土保持学报,28(3):214-221.
阎恩荣,王希华,周武.2008.天童常绿阔叶林演替系列植物群落的N∶P化学计量特征.植物生态学报,32(1):13-22.
原作强,李步杭,白雪娇,等.2010.长白山阔叶红松林凋落物组成及其季节动态.应用生态学报,21(9):2171-2178.
张川,杨万勤,岳楷,等.2016.高山森林溪流凋落叶冬季水溶性碳含量动态.环境科学学报,36(3):792-801.
周鹏,耿燕,马文红,等.2010.温带草地主要优势植物不同器官间功能性状的关联.植物生态学报,34(1):7-16.
朱万泽,王金锡,张秀艳,等.2007.华西雨屏区不同恢复阶段湿性常绿阔叶林的土壤微生物多样性.生态学报,27(4):1386-1396.
庄平,高贤明.2002.华西雨屏带及其对我国生物多样性保育的意义.生物多样性,10(3):339-344.
Aerts R,Chapin FSI.2000.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:A re-evaluation of processes and patterns.Advances in Ecological Research,30:1-67.
Agren GI.2004.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs:Theory and observations.Ecology Letters,7:185-191.
Alcazar R,Tiburcio AF.2010.Polyamines:Molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance.Planta,231:1237-1249.
Baldwin DS,Rees GN,Mitchell AM,et al.2006.The shortterm effect of salinization on anaerobic nutrient cycling and microbial community structure in sediment from a freshwater wetland.Wetlands,26:455-464.
Berg B,Mcclaugherty C.2014.Plant Litter.Decomposition,Humus Formation,Carbon Sequestration.Berlin:Springer Verlag.
Bingeman CW,Varner JE,Martin WP.1953.The effect of the addition of organic materials on the decomposition of an organic soil.Soil Science Society of America Journal,17:34-38.
Elser JJ,Fagan WF,Kerkhoff AJ,et al.2010.Biological stoichiometry of plant production:Metabolism,scaling and ecological response to global change.New Phytologist,186:593-608.
Flessa H,Ludwig B,Heil B,et al.2015.The origin of soil organic C,dissolved organic C and respiration in a long-term maize experiment in Halle,Germany,determined by13Cnatural abundance.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,163:157-163.
Güsewell S.2004.N∶P ratios in terrestrial plants:Variation and functional significance.New Phytologist,164:243-266.
Hume A,Chen HYH,Taylor AR,et al.2016.Soil C∶N∶Pdynamics during secondary succession following fire in the boreal forest of central Canada.Forest Ecology and Management,369:1-9.
Kaiser K,Guggenberger G,Haumaier L,et al.2001.Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in organic forest floor layer leachates of old-growth Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)stands in northeastern Bavaria,Germany.Biogeochemistry,55:103-143.
Kitayama K.2005.Comment on“Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences”.Science,308:633.
Michalzik B,Matzner E.1999.Dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a Central European Norway spruce ecosystem.European Journal of Soil Science,50:579-590.
Sterner RW,Elser JJ.2002.Ecological Stoichiometry:The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere.Princeton:Princeton University Press.
Uselman SM,Qualls RG,Lilienfein J.2012.Quality of soluble organic C,N,and P produced by different types and species of litter:Root litter versus leaf litter.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,54:57-67.
Vendramini F,Díaz S,Gurvich DE,et al.2002.Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species.New Phytologist,154:147-157.
Wang B,Wu F,Xiao S,et al.2016.Effect of succession gaps on the understory water-holding capacity in an over-mature alpine forest at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Hydrological Processes,30:692-703.
Yang X,Chi X,Ji C,et al.2016.Variations of leaf N,P concentrations in shrubland biomes across northern China:Phylogeny,climate and soil.Biogeosciences Discussions,12:18973-18998.
Yu Q,Chen Q,Elser JJ,et al.2010.Linking stoichiometric homoeostasis with ecosystem structure,functioning and stability.Ecology Letters,13:1390-1399.
Zhang Y,Yang J,Yang W,et al.2018.Climate,plant organs and species control dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in fresh litter in a subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Annals of Forest Science,75:51.