不同温度下PEG-6000渗透胁迫对歪头菜种子发芽的影响
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摘要
以歪头菜(Vicia unijuga)为研究材料,在恒温培养箱控制的不同温度(15,20和25℃)下,设置聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)浓度梯度分别为0、–0.2、–0.4、–0.6、–0.8和–1.0 MPa的6个渗透胁迫处理,研究不同温度下PEG-6000渗透胁迫对歪头菜种子发芽和生长的影响。结果表明:1)20℃条件下,歪头菜种子的发芽参数(发芽率、发芽速率、发芽指数、活力指数)和生长指标(胚芽长和胚根长)显著高于15和25℃(P <0.05)。2)渗透胁迫抑制歪头菜种子发芽和幼苗生长,通过适当的增温可以缓解渗透胁迫对种子发芽和幼苗生长的不利影响。在较低水势下(–0.6～–1.0 MPa),20℃条件下,种子发芽速率、活力指数、胚芽长和胚根长均显著高于15℃(P <0.05);25℃条件下,发芽率、发芽速率、发芽指数和活力指数均显著低于15℃(P <0.05)。3)基于水势模型的分析表明,歪头菜种子的基础水势值(Ψb)的变化随温度的升高呈先升后降的趋势;20°C条件下种子发芽的Ψb最低,为–1.27 MPa,表明该温度下,种子在相对干旱环境条件下更易于发芽。
Our aim was to identify the response of germination and growth of Vicia unijuga seeds to temperatures and water potentials. Germination experiments were conducted at three temperatures(15, 20 and 25 ℃) controlled by constant temperature incubators and six water potentials(ψ)(0, –0.2, –0.4, –0.6, –0.8, –1.0 MPa) created using different concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) in distilled water. The results showed that the germination parameters(germination percentage, rate and index, and vigor index) and growth parameters(sprout and radicle length) were significantly(P < 0.05) higher at 20 ℃ than at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, respectively. Osmotic stress inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of V. unijuga, which could be alleviated by appropriately increased temperature. A significant(P < 0.05)improvement in germination rate, vigor index, and sprout and radicle length was at the lower water potential( –0.6 to–1.0 MPa) with 20 ℃ compared with 15 ℃, whereas a significant(P < 0.05) decreased in germination percentage, rate and index and vigor index was at the lower water potential with 25 ℃ compared with 15 ℃. Hydrotime model analysis showed that the basic water potential(Ψb) of V. unijuga seed increased with increasing temperature ranging from 15 °C to 20 °C and then decreased at 25 °C. The lowest Ψb value(–1.27 MPa) was attained at 20 °C, showed that this species could germinate constrained by the relative serious drought condition at this temperature regime.
Our aim was to identify the response of germination and growth of Vicia unijuga seeds to temperatures and water potentials. Germination experiments were conducted at three temperatures(15, 20 and 25 ℃) controlled by constant temperature incubators and six water potentials(ψ)(0, –0.2, –0.4, –0.6, –0.8, –1.0 MPa) created using different concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) in distilled water. The results showed that the germination parameters(germination percentage, rate and index, and vigor index) and growth parameters(sprout and radicle length) were significantly(P < 0.05) higher at 20 ℃ than at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, respectively. Osmotic stress inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of V. unijuga, which could be alleviated by appropriately increased temperature. A significant(P < 0.05)improvement in germination rate, vigor index, and sprout and radicle length was at the lower water potential( –0.6 to–1.0 MPa) with 20 ℃ compared with 15 ℃, whereas a significant(P < 0.05) decreased in germination percentage, rate and index and vigor index was at the lower water potential with 25 ℃ compared with 15 ℃. Hydrotime model analysis showed that the basic water potential(Ψb) of V. unijuga seed increased with increasing temperature ranging from 15 °C to 20 °C and then decreased at 25 °C. The lowest Ψb value(–1.27 MPa) was attained at 20 °C, showed that this species could germinate constrained by the relative serious drought condition at this temperature regime.
引文
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[2] BUTLER T J, CELEN A E, WEBB S L, KRSTIC D, INTERRANTE S M. Temperature affects the germination of forage legume seeds. Crop Science, 2014, 54(6):2846-2853.
[3] WALCK JL, HIDAYATI S N, DIXON K W, THOMPSON K E N, POSCHLOD P. Climate change and plant regeneration from seed. Global Change Biology, 2010, 17(6):2145-2161.
[4] HU X W, FAN Y, BASKIN C C, BASKIN J M, WANG Y R. Comparison of the effects of temperature and water potential on seed germination of Fabaceae species from desert and subalpine grassland. American Journal of Botany, 2015, 102(5):649-660.
[5] BASKIN C C, BASKIN J M. Seeds:Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. California:Elsevier/Academic Press, 2014.
[6]丁雪梅,李海燕,杨允菲,宋向华.温度对两种野生禾草种子发芽的影响.草原与草坪,2004(1):25-29.DING X M, LI H Y, YANG Y F, SONG X H. Effect of temperature on seed germination of two spcies of wild grass. Grassland and Turf, 2004(1):25-29.
[7]颜红波.不同温度对多年生禾草种子发芽的影响.草业科学,1998, 15(4):22-26.YAN H B. Effect of various temperatures on germination of perennial grass specieses. Prataculturae Science, 1998, 15(4):22-26.
[8] COCHRANE J A, HOYLE G L, YATES C J, WOOD J, NICOTRA A B. Evidence of population variation in drought tolerance during seed germination in four Banksia(Proteaceae)species from Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 2014, 62(6):481-489.
[9] DURR C, DICKIE J B, YANG X Y, PRITCHARD H W. Ranges of critical temperature and water potential values for the germination of species worldwide:Contribution to a seed trait database. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2015, 200:222-232.
[10] LONATI M, MOOT D J, ACETO P, CAVALLERO A, LUCAS R J. Thermal time requirements for germination, emergence and seedling development of adventive legume and grass species. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2009, 52(1):17-29.
[11] Daws M I, Crabtree L M, Dalling J W, Mullins C E, Burslem D F. Germination responses to water potential in neotropical pioneers suggest large-seeded species take more risks. Annals of Botany, 2008, 102(6):945-951.
[12] ATES E. Determining drought tolerance of new fodder pea and Persian clover genotypes at the germination and early seedling stages. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2016, 25(12a):6020-6029.
[13] WU C H, WANG Q Z, XIE B, WANG Z W, CUI J, HU T M. Effects of drought and salt stress on seed germination of three leguminous species. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, 10(78):17954-17961.
[14] GORAI M, ALOUI W EL, YANG X, NEFFATI M. Toward understanding the ecological role of mucilage in seed germination of a desert shrub Henophyton deserti:Interactive effects of temperature, salinity and osmotic stress. Plant and Soil, 2014, 374(1-2):727-738.
[15]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志.北京:科学出版社,2006:259.EDITORIAL COMMITTEE OF CHINESE JOURNAL OF PLANT OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Flora of China.Beijing:Science Press, 2006:259.
[16]丁培俊.野生优良牧草:歪头菜.中国草地,1996, 2:78.DING P J. Wild fine herbage, Vicia unijuga. Grassland of China, 1996, 2:78.
[17]沈紫微.甘南地区歪头菜(Vicia uniJuga)有性繁殖生物学的初步研究.兰州:兰州大学博士学位论文,2015.SHEN Z W. A preliminary study of sexual reproduction in Vicia unijuga growing at Gannan Tibetan Region. PhD Thesis, Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2015.
[18]聂斌.歪头菜(Vicia unijuga)种子硬实的形成和释放特性及破除方法的研究,兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2011.Nie B. Characters of hard seed formation and release, methods for hand seed breaking in Vicia unijuga. Master Thesis. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2011.
[19]李廷山,王娟,胡小文. 4种野豌豆种子萌发对水分胁迫的响应.草业科学,2013,30(8):1200-1207.LI Y S, WANG J, HU X W. Response of four Vicia species seed germination to water stress. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(8):1200-1207.
[20] MICHEL B E, KAUFMANN M R. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, 1973, 51(5):914-916.
[21]李培英,孙宗玖,阿不来提.PEG模拟干旱胁迫下29份偃麦草种质种子萌发期抗旱性评价.中国草地学报,2010, 32(1):32-39.Li P Y, Sun A J, Abulaiti. Evaluation of drought resistance of 29 accessions of Elytrigria repens at seed germination stage under PEG-6000 stress. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2010, 32(1):32-39.
[22]季杨,张新全,彭燕,汪霞,梁小玉,赵欣欣.鸭茅种子萌发对渗透胁迫响应与耐旱性评价.草地学报,2013, 21(4):737-743.JI Y, ZHANG X Q, PENG Y, WANG X, LIANG X Y, ZHAO X X. Seed germination response to osmotic stress and tolerance evaluation of orchardgrass. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 21(4):737-743.
[23]孙艳茹,石屹,陈国军,闫慧峰.PEG模拟干旱胁迫下8种绿肥作物萌发特性与抗旱性评价.草业学报,2015, 24(3):89-98.SUN Y R, SHI Y, CHEN G J, YAN H F. Evaluation of the germination characteristics and drought resistance of green manure crops under PEG stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(3):89-98.
[24]秦文静,梁宗锁.四种豆科牧草萌发期对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价.草业学报,2010, 19(4):61-70.QIN W J, LIANG Z S. Response and drought resistance of four leguminous pastures to drought during seed germination. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(4):61-70.
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