音乐对幼儿空间工作记忆影响的实验研究
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摘要
为探究音乐对幼儿空间工作记忆是否具有影响,本研究选取41名大班幼儿为实验被试,随机分为音乐欣赏与安静休息两组,以莫扎特《D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲》为实验材料,采用视觉空间工作记忆任务进行实验。实验结果显示,幼儿空间工作记忆容量在最大值上,音乐欣赏组比安静休息组更多;在平均值上,音乐欣赏组比安静休息组更多;在空间工作记忆的正确率上,音乐欣赏组比安静休息组更高;在空间工作记忆的反应时上,音乐欣赏组比安静休息组更快。实验结果说明,音乐能提高幼儿的空间工作记忆水平,对幼儿空间工作记忆有积极影响。
In order to explore whether music has an impact on children's working memory,this study selected 41 large class children as experimental subjects,randomly divided into two groups:music appreciation and quiet rest.Mozart's "D major piano"was used as experimental material. Experiments were performed using visual space workingmemory tasks. The experimental results showed that in the working memory capacity of the children,the musicappreciation group was more than the quiet rest group at the maximum. On the average,the music appreciation groupwas more than the quiet rest group; in the correct rate of spatial working memory,the music appreciation group washigher than the rest group;in the response time of spatial working memory,the music appreciation group was faster thanthe quiet rest group. The experimental results show that music can improve the working memory level of young childrenand have a positive impact on children's working memory.
In order to explore whether music has an impact on children's working memory,this study selected 41 large class children as experimental subjects,randomly divided into two groups:music appreciation and quiet rest.Mozart's "D major piano"was used as experimental material. Experiments were performed using visual space workingmemory tasks. The experimental results showed that in the working memory capacity of the children,the musicappreciation group was more than the quiet rest group at the maximum. On the average,the music appreciation groupwas more than the quiet rest group; in the correct rate of spatial working memory,the music appreciation group washigher than the rest group;in the response time of spatial working memory,the music appreciation group was faster thanthe quiet rest group. The experimental results show that music can improve the working memory level of young childrenand have a positive impact on children's working memory.
引文
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[13]姜媛媛.大班幼儿家庭音乐教育中家长参与的现状及策略研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2016.
[2]Francois C,Schon D.Musical Expertise Boosts Implicit Learning of both Musical and Linguistic Structures[J].CerebralCortex,2011(10):2357-2365.
[3]K.L.Hyde,J.Lerch,A.Norton,et al.The Effects of Musical Trainingon Structural Brain Development:ALongitudinal Study[J].NewYork Academy of Sciences,2009(1169):182-186.
[4]李文辉,索长清,但菲,等.音乐训练对5-6岁幼儿语音意识的影响[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016(6):668-669+672.
[5]王杭,江俊,蒋存梅.音乐训练对认知能力的影响[J].心理科学进展,2015(3):419-429.
[6]朱丹.音乐影响儿童工作记忆的心理学实验研究[D].杭州:杭州师范大学,2011.
[7]李美善.音乐训练对儿童工作记忆影响的研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2015.
[8]杨青,谢悦悦.背景音乐对幼儿工作记忆及任务转换的影响[J].学前教育研究,2017(4):48-55.
[9]孙长安,韦洪涛,岳丽娟.音乐对工作记忆影响及机制的ERP研究[J].心理与行为研究,2013(2):195-199.
[10]彭君,莫雷,黄平,等.工作记忆训练提升幼儿流体智力表现[J].心理学报,2014(10):1498-1508.
[11]赵鑫,周仁来.工作记忆训练:一个很有价值的研究方向[J].心理科学进展,2010(5):711-717.
[12]Gathercole,S.E.Working memory and learning during the school years[J].Proceedings ofthe British Academy,2004(125):365-380.
[13]姜媛媛.大班幼儿家庭音乐教育中家长参与的现状及策略研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2016.