泽陆蛙消化道系数的性别差异和季节弹性
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摘要
为研究两栖动物消化道在不同季节为适应环境变化而作出的可逆性反应,以分布于浙江金华的泽陆蛙(Fejervarya multistriata)为研究对象,比较分析了雌、雄蛙春、夏、秋季体重、体长、食道、胃、小肠和大肠的重量和长度变化.结果显示:泽陆蛙的体重和胴体湿重系数,总消化道、小肠和大肠湿重系数,以及总消化道干重系数有明显的季节和性别差异;食道和胃的湿重和干重系数,小肠和大肠的干重系数,以及体长、食道和胃长度系数具有明显的季节差异;胴体干重系数、总消化道长度和小肠长度系数只表现出明显的性别差异;大肠长度系数既无季节差异,也无性别差异.研究结果表明:雌、雄泽陆蛙除大肠长度外,体重、体长和消化道各部分的重量和长度均表现出一定程度的表型弹性,这与泽陆蛙的生活史特征及环境条件的季节性波动相适应.
In order to study the reversible responses of amphibians′ digestive tract for adapting environmental changes in different seasons, Fejervarya multistriata from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province was sampled to conduct comparative analyses the changes in weight, snout-vent length, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine between sexes and among spring autumn and fall. The results showed the seasonal differences and gender differences of F. multistriata in body weight, wet weight indices of carcass, total digestive tract, small intestine, large intestine and dry weight index of total digestive tract. Snout-vent length, wet weight indices of oesophagus and stomach, dry weight indexes of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, length indices of oesophagus and stomach had significant differences in different seasons. However, only three indices were showed gender differences, these were dry carcass weight index, total digestive tract length index and small intestine length index. There was no significant difference in genders and seasons of larger intestine length index. The results indicated that the weight and length of various parts of the digestive tract showed phenotypic plasticity due to the different seasons and gender, which corresponded to the environmental conditions and the metabolic demands of F. multistriata in the wild.
In order to study the reversible responses of amphibians′ digestive tract for adapting environmental changes in different seasons, Fejervarya multistriata from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province was sampled to conduct comparative analyses the changes in weight, snout-vent length, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine between sexes and among spring autumn and fall. The results showed the seasonal differences and gender differences of F. multistriata in body weight, wet weight indices of carcass, total digestive tract, small intestine, large intestine and dry weight index of total digestive tract. Snout-vent length, wet weight indices of oesophagus and stomach, dry weight indexes of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, length indices of oesophagus and stomach had significant differences in different seasons. However, only three indices were showed gender differences, these were dry carcass weight index, total digestive tract length index and small intestine length index. There was no significant difference in genders and seasons of larger intestine length index. The results indicated that the weight and length of various parts of the digestive tract showed phenotypic plasticity due to the different seasons and gender, which corresponded to the environmental conditions and the metabolic demands of F. multistriata in the wild.
引文
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[2]PIERSMA T,DRENT J.Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2003,18(5):228-232.
[3]NAYA D E,VELOSO C,BOZINOVIC F.Physiological flexibility in the Andean lizard Liolaemus bellii:Seasonal changes in energy acquisition,storage and expenditure[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B:Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology,2008,178(8):1007-1015.
[4]FEDER M E,BURGGREN W W.Environmental physiology of the amphibians[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1992:378-394.
[5]JUSZCZYK W,OBRZUT K,ZAMACHOWSKI W.Morphological changes in the alimentary canal of the common frog (Rana temporaria L.) in the annual cycle[J].Acta Biologica Cracoviensia(Series:Zoologia),1966,IX:239-246.
[6]NAYA D E,BACIGALUPE I D,BUSTAMANTE DM,et al.Estrategias digestivas dinámicas en respuesta al incremento en la demanda energética en Phyllotis darwini[J].Biological Research,2003,36:R21.
[7]金晨晨,张志强.黑斑侧褶蛙消化道重量及长度的性别和季节差异[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(2):207-214.
[8]金晨晨.中华蟾蜍免疫功能的性别和季节差异[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[9]费梁,叶昌媛,江建平.中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2012.
[10]陈丽莉,刘绍龙.泽陆蛙消化道组织学观察[J].四川动物,2012,31(4):598-600.
[11]武正军.舟山群岛蛙类生态学研究——食物季节性、身体大小变异、种-面积关系及牛蛙的潜在危害[D].北京:中国科学院动物研究所,2005.
[12]邓学建,何社辉,胡朝晖.泽蛙(Rana limnocharis)种群生态的初步研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,1992,15(3):285-288.
[13]金晨晨,瞿康山,张志强.黑斑侧褶蛙肥满度及脏器重量的性别和季节差异[J].四川动物,2014,33(1):106-112.
[14]张莹,高慧清,王志,等.中华蟾蜍体重及脏器大小对禁食和重喂食处理的响应[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(2):294-303.
[15]沈猷慧,邓学健.泽蛙食性的初步研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,1985(1):38-42.
[16]蒋斌,董永文.泽蛙(Rana limnocharis)不同生活周期的生理生态研究[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),1991,(4):45-53.
[17]王晶琳,薛文杰,李乃兵,等.上海农田泽蛙年龄组划分方法的初步研究[J].四川动物,2009,28(5):707-709.
[18]胡舒展,路迪,赵联军,等.华西蟾蜍年龄结构、体长和生长率的研究[J].四川动物,2015,34(1):41-46.
[19]李斌.中国林蛙生长和繁殖的研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[20]SECOR S M,LIGNOT J H.Morphological plasticity of vertebrate aestivation[J].Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology,2010,49(1):183-208.