女性创业者创业自我效能的特征与差异研究
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摘要
创业自我效能对创业意向具有预测作用,同时亦直接影响创业绩效。近年来女性创业的活跃程度日益提升,女性创业群体不断增加,探究女性创业群体创业自我效能的特征与差异能在一定程度上了解女性创业的内在规律。通过对华东地区268位女性创业者的实证研究,发现女性创业者在创业的搜索阶段和执行阶段创业自我效能较高,计划与统筹阶段的创业自我效能处于中等水平。而女性创业者在创业搜索阶段的创业自我效能在年龄上存在差异。
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy( ESE) can predict entrepreneurial intention and directly affect entrepreneurial performance. In recent years,female entrepreneurship has become increasingly active,leading to the number increase of female entrepreneurship groups. Exploring the characteristics and differences of self-efficacy of female entrepreneurship groups can understand the internal laws of female entrepreneurship to a certain extent. Through the empirical study of268 female entrepreneurs in east China,this study found that female entrepreneurs had higher self-efficacy in the search and execution stage of entrepreneurship,and the self-efficacy in the planning and coordination stage was at a medium level. However,there is a difference in age between the self-efficacy of female entrepreneurs in the stage of entrepreneurial search.
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy( ESE) can predict entrepreneurial intention and directly affect entrepreneurial performance. In recent years,female entrepreneurship has become increasingly active,leading to the number increase of female entrepreneurship groups. Exploring the characteristics and differences of self-efficacy of female entrepreneurship groups can understand the internal laws of female entrepreneurship to a certain extent. Through the empirical study of268 female entrepreneurs in east China,this study found that female entrepreneurs had higher self-efficacy in the search and execution stage of entrepreneurship,and the self-efficacy in the planning and coordination stage was at a medium level. However,there is a difference in age between the self-efficacy of female entrepreneurs in the stage of entrepreneurial search.
引文
[1]高建,程源,李习保,姜彦福.全球创业观察中国报告(2007)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:107.
[2]《中国性别平等与妇女发展》白皮书[EB/OL].中国新闻网,(2015-09-22)[2018-03-21]http://finance.chinanews. com/gn/2015/09-22/7537577. shtml).2015,9,22.
[3]Bandura,A.(1990).“Perceived self-efficacy in the ex-ercise of personal agency.”Applied Sport Psychology,2:128-163.
[4]Audio,P. G.,Locke,E. A.,&Smith,K. G.(2000). Theparadox of success:An archival and laboratory study ofstrategic persistence following radical environmentalchange. Academy of Management Journal,43(5):837-854.
[5]Shane,S.,Locke,E. A.,&Collins,C. J.(2003). Entre-preneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Re-view,13(2):257-279.
[6]Chen,C. C.,Greene,P. G.,&Crick,A.(1998). Does en-trepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs frommanagers? Journal of Business Venturing,13:295-316.
[7]Drnovsek,M.,J. Wincent,and M. S. Cardon.(2010).“Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Business Start-up:Developing a Multi-dimensional Definition.”Internation-al Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research 16(4):329-348.
[8]Susan,C.,Dafna,K.(2013).‘Deconstructing’entrepre-neurial self-efficacy:a gendered perspective on the im-pact of ESE and community entrepreneurial culture on thefinancial strategies and performance of new firms. VentureCapital,16(2):157-181.
[9]Amanda. B.,Maija. R.,&Tamara. M.,(2014). DangerZone Entrepreneurs:The Importance of Resilience and Self-Efficacy for Entrepreneurial Intentions. EntrepreneurshipTheory and Practice,May,473-499.
[10]Kent,R. L. and S. E. Moss(1994). Effects of sex andgender role on leader emergence. Academy of Manage-ment Journal,37(5):1335-1346.
[11]Boyd,N. G.&Vozikis,G. S.(1994). The influence ofself-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial in-tentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Prac-tice 18(6):63—90.
[12]Forbes,D. P.(2005). The Effects of Strategic DecisionMaking on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Entrepreneur-ship:Theory&Practice,29(5):599-626.
[13]钟卫东、孙大海、施立华.创业自我效能感、外部环境支持与初创科技企业绩效的关系.南开管理评论,2007,10(5):68-74.
[14]Jill,K.,Lisa,K. G.,Saulo D. B.,Laney,W.(2009). In-tuition Versus Analysis? Testing Differential Models ofCognitive Style on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and theNew Venture Creation Process. Entrepreneurship Theoryand Practice,Match,439-453.
[15]Leonidas A. Zampetakis(2009). On the relationship be-tween emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitudesand intentions[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneur-ial Behaviour&Research,15(6):595-618.
[16]Stephen L. M.,Mary C. D.(2008). Gender-role orien-tation as a determinant of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy.Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship; Mar; 13(1):3-20.
[17]McCabe,A. C.,W. R. Ingram and M. Conway. Dato-on(2006). The business of ethics and gender. Journal ofBusiness Ethics,64(2):101-116.
[18]Drydakis,Nick; Sidiropoulou,Katerina; Bozani,Vasilikiet al.(2018). Masculine vs feminine personality traitsand women’s employment outcomes in Britain. Interna-tional Journal of Manpower. 2018,39(4):621-630.
[2]《中国性别平等与妇女发展》白皮书[EB/OL].中国新闻网,(2015-09-22)[2018-03-21]http://finance.chinanews. com/gn/2015/09-22/7537577. shtml).2015,9,22.
[3]Bandura,A.(1990).“Perceived self-efficacy in the ex-ercise of personal agency.”Applied Sport Psychology,2:128-163.
[4]Audio,P. G.,Locke,E. A.,&Smith,K. G.(2000). Theparadox of success:An archival and laboratory study ofstrategic persistence following radical environmentalchange. Academy of Management Journal,43(5):837-854.
[5]Shane,S.,Locke,E. A.,&Collins,C. J.(2003). Entre-preneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Re-view,13(2):257-279.
[6]Chen,C. C.,Greene,P. G.,&Crick,A.(1998). Does en-trepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs frommanagers? Journal of Business Venturing,13:295-316.
[7]Drnovsek,M.,J. Wincent,and M. S. Cardon.(2010).“Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Business Start-up:Developing a Multi-dimensional Definition.”Internation-al Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research 16(4):329-348.
[8]Susan,C.,Dafna,K.(2013).‘Deconstructing’entrepre-neurial self-efficacy:a gendered perspective on the im-pact of ESE and community entrepreneurial culture on thefinancial strategies and performance of new firms. VentureCapital,16(2):157-181.
[9]Amanda. B.,Maija. R.,&Tamara. M.,(2014). DangerZone Entrepreneurs:The Importance of Resilience and Self-Efficacy for Entrepreneurial Intentions. EntrepreneurshipTheory and Practice,May,473-499.
[10]Kent,R. L. and S. E. Moss(1994). Effects of sex andgender role on leader emergence. Academy of Manage-ment Journal,37(5):1335-1346.
[11]Boyd,N. G.&Vozikis,G. S.(1994). The influence ofself-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial in-tentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Prac-tice 18(6):63—90.
[12]Forbes,D. P.(2005). The Effects of Strategic DecisionMaking on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Entrepreneur-ship:Theory&Practice,29(5):599-626.
[13]钟卫东、孙大海、施立华.创业自我效能感、外部环境支持与初创科技企业绩效的关系.南开管理评论,2007,10(5):68-74.
[14]Jill,K.,Lisa,K. G.,Saulo D. B.,Laney,W.(2009). In-tuition Versus Analysis? Testing Differential Models ofCognitive Style on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and theNew Venture Creation Process. Entrepreneurship Theoryand Practice,Match,439-453.
[15]Leonidas A. Zampetakis(2009). On the relationship be-tween emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitudesand intentions[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneur-ial Behaviour&Research,15(6):595-618.
[16]Stephen L. M.,Mary C. D.(2008). Gender-role orien-tation as a determinant of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy.Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship; Mar; 13(1):3-20.
[17]McCabe,A. C.,W. R. Ingram and M. Conway. Dato-on(2006). The business of ethics and gender. Journal ofBusiness Ethics,64(2):101-116.
[18]Drydakis,Nick; Sidiropoulou,Katerina; Bozani,Vasilikiet al.(2018). Masculine vs feminine personality traitsand women’s employment outcomes in Britain. Interna-tional Journal of Manpower. 2018,39(4):621-630.