捆绑还是协同:创新联盟粘性对企业间合作绩效的影响——表达型与工具型关系契约的作用差异视角
|
摘要
现有研究对联盟网络粘性与合作绩效间的关系缺乏有力的阐释,从创新联盟网络视角,结合中国具体情境,引入关系契约与互惠规范的概念,构建了"联盟粘性-合作绩效"理论模型,并以209家企业样本数据进行结构方程模型与分层回归分析。实证结果表明:联盟粘性对关系绩效具有促进作用,但对任务绩效具有倒U型的影响;表达型关系契约与工具型关系契约在联盟粘性与任务绩效之间分别具有部分中介和完全中介作用,并且两类关系契约的创新效应各异;互惠规范能够正向调节联盟粘性与表达型、工具型关系契约间的作用关系。研究结果不仅有助于深化现有创新联盟关系研究成果,丰富国内本土化的创新管理理论,同时对我国企业的"开放式创新"与"网络化合作"实践具有现实指导意义。
Existing research lacks a powerful interpretation of the relationship between alliance network stickiness and cooperative performance. This paper introduced two concepts of relational contract and reciprocity norm in consideration of the specific situation in China, constructed a theoretical model of "network stickiness-cooperative performance" from the perspective of innovation network alliance, and conducted an analysis of the structural equation model and hierarchical regression based on the sample data of 209 enterprises. The empirical results show that network stickiness plays a significant role in promoting enterprises' relational performance, but network stickiness has an inverted U-shaped effect on task performance. Besides, emotional relationship contract partially plays a mediation role between alliance stickiness and relational performance, while instrumental relationship contract completely plays a mediation role between alliance stickiness and task performance, and the innovation effects of the two types of relationship contracts are different. In addition, the reciprocal norms can positively moderate the relationship between network stickiness and relational contract. These results not only help deepen existing researches of innovation alliance, and enrich the indigenous innovation management theory in China, but also have an important guiding significance for the enterprises practice of "open innovation" and "network-based cooperation".
Existing research lacks a powerful interpretation of the relationship between alliance network stickiness and cooperative performance. This paper introduced two concepts of relational contract and reciprocity norm in consideration of the specific situation in China, constructed a theoretical model of "network stickiness-cooperative performance" from the perspective of innovation network alliance, and conducted an analysis of the structural equation model and hierarchical regression based on the sample data of 209 enterprises. The empirical results show that network stickiness plays a significant role in promoting enterprises' relational performance, but network stickiness has an inverted U-shaped effect on task performance. Besides, emotional relationship contract partially plays a mediation role between alliance stickiness and relational performance, while instrumental relationship contract completely plays a mediation role between alliance stickiness and task performance, and the innovation effects of the two types of relationship contracts are different. In addition, the reciprocal norms can positively moderate the relationship between network stickiness and relational contract. These results not only help deepen existing researches of innovation alliance, and enrich the indigenous innovation management theory in China, but also have an important guiding significance for the enterprises practice of "open innovation" and "network-based cooperation".
引文
[1] Oerlemans L G, Knoben J, Pretorius M W. Alliance portfolio diversity, radical and incremental innovation: The moderating role of technology management[J]. Technovation, 2013,33(6-7):234-246.
[2] Schilling M A. Technology shocks, technological collaboration, and innovation outcomes[J]. Organization Science, 2015, 26(3):668-686.
[3] Lin C, Wu Y, Chang C, et al. The alliance innovation performance of R&D alliances—the absorptive capacity perspective[J]. Technovation, 2012, 32(5): 282-292.
[4] Wubben E F M, Batterink M, Kolympiris C, et al. Profiting from external knowledge: The impact of different external knowledge acquisition strategies on innovation performance[J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 2015, 69(2): 139-165.
[5] 李刚, 李随成, 黄聿舟. 基于二阶因子模型的供应商网络粘性对合作策略影响研究[J]. 预测, 2014, 33(4): 58-63.
[6] Zander I. The microfoundations of cluster stickness-walking in the shoes of the entrepreneur[J]. Journal of International Management, 2004, 10(2): 151-175.
[7] Geiger I, Durand A, Saab S, et al. The bonding effects of relationship value and switching costs in industrial buyer-seller relationships: An investigation into role differences[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2012, 41(1): 82-93.
[8] Zheng Y, Yang H. Does familiarity foster innovation? The impact of alliance partner repeatedness on breakthrough innovations[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2015, 52(2):213-230.
[9] Das T K, Teng B S. Trust, control, and risk in strategic alliances: An integrated framework[J]. Organization Studies, 2001, 22(2): 251-283.
[10] Bstieler L, Hemmert M. The effectiveness of relational and contractual governance in new product development collaborations: Evidence from Korea[J]. Technovation, 2015, 45-46: 29-39.
[11] 陈伟,张旭梅,宋寒. 供应链企业间知识交易的关系契约机制:基于合作创新的研究视角[J].科研管理, 2015, 36(7): 38-48.
[12] Cropanzano R, Mitchell M. Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review[J]. Journal of Management, 2005,31(6): 874-900.
[13] Sánchez-Franco M J, Roldán J L. The influence of familiarity, trust and norms of reciprocity on an experienced sense of community: An empirical analysis based on social online services[J]. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2015, 34(4): 392-412.
[14] Ma C, Yang Z, Yao Z, et al. The effect of strategic alliance resource accumulation and process characteristics on new product success: Exploration of international high-tech strategic alliances in China[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2012,41(3): 469-480.
[15] Bouncken R B, Pesch R, Gudergan S P. Strategic embeddedness of modularity in alliances: Innovation and performance implications[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2015, 68(7): 1388-1394.
[16] 韩翼, 廖建桥. 组织成员绩效结构理论研究述评[J]. 管理科学学报, 2006, 9(2): 86-94.
[17] Soda G. The management of firms’ alliance network positioning: Implications for innovation[J].European Management Journal, 2011, 29(5): 377-388.
[18] Iturrioz C, Aragón C, Narvaiza L. How to foster shared innovation within SMEs’ networks: Social capital and the role of intermediaries[J]. European Management Journal, 2015, 33(2): 104-115.
[19] 李玲. 技术创新网络中企业间依赖、企业开放度对合作绩效的影响[J]. 南开管理评论, 2011, 14(4): 16-24.
[20] Gulati R, Sytch M. Dependence asymmetry and joint dependence in interorganizational relationships: Effects of embeddedness on a manufacturer’s performance in procurement relationships [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2007, 52(1): 32-69.
[21] 曹霞, 刘国巍. 资源配置导向下产学研合作创新网络协同演化路径[J]. 系统管理学报, 2015(5): 769-777.
[22] Aarikka-Stenroos L, Jaakkola E. Value co-creation in knowledge intensive business services: A dyadic perspective on the joint problem solving process[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2012, 41 (1): 15-26.
[23] Gadde L, Snehota I. Making the most of supplier relationships[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2000, 29(4): 305-316.
[24] Macniel I R. Relational contract theory: Challenges and queries[J]. Northwestern University Law Review, 2000, 94(3): 877-907.
[25] Baker G, Gibbons R, Murphy K J. Relational contracts and the theory of the firm[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002, 117(1): 39-84.
[26] Wittmann C M, Hunt S D, Arnett D B. Explaining alliance success: Competences, resources, relational factors, and resource-advantage theory[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009,38(7): 743-756.
[27] Sarach L. Analysis of cooperative relationship in industrial cluster[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, 191(2): 250-254.
[28] 肖丁丁, 朱桂龙. 产学研合作创新效率及其影响因素的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2013, 34(1): 11-18.
[29] Jiang Z. Research on efficiency of knowledge transfer in technical innovation alliances[C]//International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials Science.[s.l.]:[s.n.], 2012.
[30] 张红娟, 谭劲松. 联盟网络与企业创新绩效:跨层次分析[J]. 管理世界, 2014(3): 163-169.
[31] Wagner S M, Bode C. Supplier relationship-specific investments and the role of safeguards for supplier innovation sharing[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2014, 32(3): 65-78.
[32] Janowicz-Panjaitan M, Noorderhaven N G. Trust, calculation, interorganizational learning of tacit knowledge: An organizational roles perspective[J]. Organization Studies, 2009, 30(10): 1021-1044.
[33] Rogbeer S, Almahendra R, Ambos B. Open-innovation effectiveness: When does the macro design of alliance portfolios matter? [J]. Journal of International Management, 2014,20(4):464-477.
[34] López-Pérez R. Followers and leaders: Reciprocity, social norms and group behavior[J]. Journal of Socio-Economics, 2009, 38(4): 557-567.
[35] Pervan S, Bove L, Johnson L. Reciprocity as a key stabilizing norm of interpersonal marketing relationships: Scale development and validation[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009, 38(1): 60-70
[36] Wincent J, Anokhin S, ?rtqvist D, et al. Quality meets structure: Generalized reciprocity and firm-level advantage in strategic networks[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2010, 47(4): 597-624.
[37] Lavie D. Alliance portfolios and firm performance: A study of value creation and appropriation in the U.S. software industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2007, 28(12): 1187-1212.
[38] 周志民, 张江乐, 熊义萍. 内外倾人格特质如何影响在线品牌社群中的知识分享行为[J]. 南开管理评论, 2014,17(3): 19-29.
[39] 孙永磊, 党兴华, 宋晶. 基于网络惯例的双元能力对合作创新绩效的影响[J]. 管理科学, 2014, 27(2): 38-47.
[40] Adler P S, Kwon S W. Social capital: Prospects for a new concept[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2002, 27(1): 17-40.
[2] Schilling M A. Technology shocks, technological collaboration, and innovation outcomes[J]. Organization Science, 2015, 26(3):668-686.
[3] Lin C, Wu Y, Chang C, et al. The alliance innovation performance of R&D alliances—the absorptive capacity perspective[J]. Technovation, 2012, 32(5): 282-292.
[4] Wubben E F M, Batterink M, Kolympiris C, et al. Profiting from external knowledge: The impact of different external knowledge acquisition strategies on innovation performance[J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 2015, 69(2): 139-165.
[5] 李刚, 李随成, 黄聿舟. 基于二阶因子模型的供应商网络粘性对合作策略影响研究[J]. 预测, 2014, 33(4): 58-63.
[6] Zander I. The microfoundations of cluster stickness-walking in the shoes of the entrepreneur[J]. Journal of International Management, 2004, 10(2): 151-175.
[7] Geiger I, Durand A, Saab S, et al. The bonding effects of relationship value and switching costs in industrial buyer-seller relationships: An investigation into role differences[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2012, 41(1): 82-93.
[8] Zheng Y, Yang H. Does familiarity foster innovation? The impact of alliance partner repeatedness on breakthrough innovations[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2015, 52(2):213-230.
[9] Das T K, Teng B S. Trust, control, and risk in strategic alliances: An integrated framework[J]. Organization Studies, 2001, 22(2): 251-283.
[10] Bstieler L, Hemmert M. The effectiveness of relational and contractual governance in new product development collaborations: Evidence from Korea[J]. Technovation, 2015, 45-46: 29-39.
[11] 陈伟,张旭梅,宋寒. 供应链企业间知识交易的关系契约机制:基于合作创新的研究视角[J].科研管理, 2015, 36(7): 38-48.
[12] Cropanzano R, Mitchell M. Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review[J]. Journal of Management, 2005,31(6): 874-900.
[13] Sánchez-Franco M J, Roldán J L. The influence of familiarity, trust and norms of reciprocity on an experienced sense of community: An empirical analysis based on social online services[J]. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2015, 34(4): 392-412.
[14] Ma C, Yang Z, Yao Z, et al. The effect of strategic alliance resource accumulation and process characteristics on new product success: Exploration of international high-tech strategic alliances in China[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2012,41(3): 469-480.
[15] Bouncken R B, Pesch R, Gudergan S P. Strategic embeddedness of modularity in alliances: Innovation and performance implications[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2015, 68(7): 1388-1394.
[16] 韩翼, 廖建桥. 组织成员绩效结构理论研究述评[J]. 管理科学学报, 2006, 9(2): 86-94.
[17] Soda G. The management of firms’ alliance network positioning: Implications for innovation[J].European Management Journal, 2011, 29(5): 377-388.
[18] Iturrioz C, Aragón C, Narvaiza L. How to foster shared innovation within SMEs’ networks: Social capital and the role of intermediaries[J]. European Management Journal, 2015, 33(2): 104-115.
[19] 李玲. 技术创新网络中企业间依赖、企业开放度对合作绩效的影响[J]. 南开管理评论, 2011, 14(4): 16-24.
[20] Gulati R, Sytch M. Dependence asymmetry and joint dependence in interorganizational relationships: Effects of embeddedness on a manufacturer’s performance in procurement relationships [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2007, 52(1): 32-69.
[21] 曹霞, 刘国巍. 资源配置导向下产学研合作创新网络协同演化路径[J]. 系统管理学报, 2015(5): 769-777.
[22] Aarikka-Stenroos L, Jaakkola E. Value co-creation in knowledge intensive business services: A dyadic perspective on the joint problem solving process[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2012, 41 (1): 15-26.
[23] Gadde L, Snehota I. Making the most of supplier relationships[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2000, 29(4): 305-316.
[24] Macniel I R. Relational contract theory: Challenges and queries[J]. Northwestern University Law Review, 2000, 94(3): 877-907.
[25] Baker G, Gibbons R, Murphy K J. Relational contracts and the theory of the firm[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002, 117(1): 39-84.
[26] Wittmann C M, Hunt S D, Arnett D B. Explaining alliance success: Competences, resources, relational factors, and resource-advantage theory[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009,38(7): 743-756.
[27] Sarach L. Analysis of cooperative relationship in industrial cluster[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, 191(2): 250-254.
[28] 肖丁丁, 朱桂龙. 产学研合作创新效率及其影响因素的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2013, 34(1): 11-18.
[29] Jiang Z. Research on efficiency of knowledge transfer in technical innovation alliances[C]//International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials Science.[s.l.]:[s.n.], 2012.
[30] 张红娟, 谭劲松. 联盟网络与企业创新绩效:跨层次分析[J]. 管理世界, 2014(3): 163-169.
[31] Wagner S M, Bode C. Supplier relationship-specific investments and the role of safeguards for supplier innovation sharing[J]. Journal of Operations Management, 2014, 32(3): 65-78.
[32] Janowicz-Panjaitan M, Noorderhaven N G. Trust, calculation, interorganizational learning of tacit knowledge: An organizational roles perspective[J]. Organization Studies, 2009, 30(10): 1021-1044.
[33] Rogbeer S, Almahendra R, Ambos B. Open-innovation effectiveness: When does the macro design of alliance portfolios matter? [J]. Journal of International Management, 2014,20(4):464-477.
[34] López-Pérez R. Followers and leaders: Reciprocity, social norms and group behavior[J]. Journal of Socio-Economics, 2009, 38(4): 557-567.
[35] Pervan S, Bove L, Johnson L. Reciprocity as a key stabilizing norm of interpersonal marketing relationships: Scale development and validation[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009, 38(1): 60-70
[36] Wincent J, Anokhin S, ?rtqvist D, et al. Quality meets structure: Generalized reciprocity and firm-level advantage in strategic networks[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2010, 47(4): 597-624.
[37] Lavie D. Alliance portfolios and firm performance: A study of value creation and appropriation in the U.S. software industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2007, 28(12): 1187-1212.
[38] 周志民, 张江乐, 熊义萍. 内外倾人格特质如何影响在线品牌社群中的知识分享行为[J]. 南开管理评论, 2014,17(3): 19-29.
[39] 孙永磊, 党兴华, 宋晶. 基于网络惯例的双元能力对合作创新绩效的影响[J]. 管理科学, 2014, 27(2): 38-47.
[40] Adler P S, Kwon S W. Social capital: Prospects for a new concept[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2002, 27(1): 17-40.