高碳水化合物水平膨化饲料对大规格草鱼糖代谢相关指标的影响
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摘要
为探讨膨化饲料中高碳水化合物对大规格草鱼糖代谢相关指标的影响,以小麦和小麦麸为主要碳水化合物源,分别设置不同蛋白质和碳水化合物水平为P30C31(C1组)、P28C34(C2组)、P26C37(C3组)、P24C40(C4组)、P22C43(C5组)、P20C46(C6组)、P18C49(C7组)的七组饲料。每组3个重复,每个重复30尾草鱼,初始体重为(398.6±5.9) g,采用水库网箱养殖(2 m×2 m×2 m),试验持续16周。结果显示,随着饲料碳水化合物水平的升高,胰岛素和胰高血糖素的含量有升高趋势,当膨化饲料中碳水化合物水平达到40%及以上时,胰岛素和胰高血糖素无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组膨化饲料中的高碳水化合物水平对草鱼肝脏糖酵解酶磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、糖异生酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)活性影响不显著(P>0.05)。与正常碳水化合物水平C3(37%)组相比,饲料中碳水化合物水平升高至C7(49%)使得葡萄糖激酶(GK)、己糖激酶(HK)、1,6-二磷酸果糖酶(FBPase)活性显著下降(P<0.05),而葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)活性无显著变化(P>0.05)。总的来说,从大草鱼肝脏糖代谢角度而言,在饲料中添加31%～37%水平的碳水化合物时,可以有效促进大规格草鱼肝脏糖酵解能力,而摄食49%的高碳水化合物水平膨化饲料会对草鱼糖酵解存在一定程度的抑制。
To study the effects of high carbohydrate in expanded feed on carbohydrate metabolism of large size of grass carps(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and with wheat and wheat bran as the main carbo?hydrate sources, seven different protein/carbohydrate levels were set as P30 C31(C1 group), P28 C34(C2 group), P26 C37(C3 group), P24 C40(C4 group), P22 C43(C5 group), P20 C46(C6 group), P18 C49(C7 group). There were 3 repeats in each group and 30 grass carps per repeat. The initial body weight of grass carp was(398.6±5.9) g. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks by cage culture(2 m × 2 m × 2 m).The results showed that with the increase of dietary carbohydrate level, the contents of insulin and glu?cagon increased. When the carbohydrate level in diet reached 40% or above, there was no significant difference between the contents of insulin and glucagon(P>0.05). The effects of high carbohydrate lev?el on hepatic glycolytic enzyme phosphofructose kinase(PFK), pyruvate kinase(PK) and glycosyl phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) pro?duced in the grass carp's liver were not signifi?cant in each group(P>0.05). Dietary carbohydrate levels significantly affected the activity of gluco?kinase(GK), hexokinase(HK) and fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FBPase) while high carbohydrate level C7(49% CHO) and significantly reduced the activity of GK, HK and FBPase(P<0.05). The activity of G-6-Pase had no significant change(P>0.05). In general, from the point of view of liver glucose metabolism of grass carp, adding 31%～37% car?bohydrates to the feed can effectively promote the glycolysis ability of the liver of grass carp. However,feeding 49% high carbohydrate expanded feed could inhibit the glycolysis of grass carp to some extent.
To study the effects of high carbohydrate in expanded feed on carbohydrate metabolism of large size of grass carps(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and with wheat and wheat bran as the main carbo?hydrate sources, seven different protein/carbohydrate levels were set as P30 C31(C1 group), P28 C34(C2 group), P26 C37(C3 group), P24 C40(C4 group), P22 C43(C5 group), P20 C46(C6 group), P18 C49(C7 group). There were 3 repeats in each group and 30 grass carps per repeat. The initial body weight of grass carp was(398.6±5.9) g. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks by cage culture(2 m × 2 m × 2 m).The results showed that with the increase of dietary carbohydrate level, the contents of insulin and glu?cagon increased. When the carbohydrate level in diet reached 40% or above, there was no significant difference between the contents of insulin and glucagon(P>0.05). The effects of high carbohydrate lev?el on hepatic glycolytic enzyme phosphofructose kinase(PFK), pyruvate kinase(PK) and glycosyl phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) pro?duced in the grass carp's liver were not signifi?cant in each group(P>0.05). Dietary carbohydrate levels significantly affected the activity of gluco?kinase(GK), hexokinase(HK) and fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FBPase) while high carbohydrate level C7(49% CHO) and significantly reduced the activity of GK, HK and FBPase(P<0.05). The activity of G-6-Pase had no significant change(P>0.05). In general, from the point of view of liver glucose metabolism of grass carp, adding 31%～37% car?bohydrates to the feed can effectively promote the glycolysis ability of the liver of grass carp. However,feeding 49% high carbohydrate expanded feed could inhibit the glycolysis of grass carp to some extent.
引文
[1]罗毅平,谢小军.鱼类利用碳水化合物的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(2):381-390.
[2]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].中国农业出版社,1996.
[3]聂琴,苗惠君,苗淑彦,等.不同糖源及糖水平对大菱鲆糖代谢酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(3):425-433.
[4]刘波,谢骏,苏永腾,等.高碳水化合物日粮对翘嘴红鲌生长、GK及GK mRNA表达的影响[J].水生生物学报, 2008, 32(1):47-53.
[5]Lin D. Grass car P, Cteno Pharyngodon idella. In:Handbook of nutrient requirements of finfish(Wilson R P Ed.)[J]. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,1991:89-96.
[6]胡毅,陈云飞,张德洪,等.不同碳水化合物和蛋白水平膨化饲料对大规格草鱼生长、肠道消化酶及血清指标的影响[J].水产学报, 2018,42(5):156-165.
[7]Enes P, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Navarro I, et al. Role of insulin and IGF-I on the regulation of glucose metabolism in European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)fed with different dietaycarbohy-drate levels[J]. Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology, 2010,157(4):346-353.
[8]缪凌鸿,刘波,戈贤平,等.高碳水化合物水平日粮对异育银鲫生长、生理、免疫和肝脏超微结构的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(2):221-230.
[9]Hilton J W, Atkinson J L. Response of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri to inceased levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diet[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1982,47(3):597-607.
[10]Mommsen T P, Moon T W, Plisetskaya E M. Effects of arginine on pancreatic hormones and hepatic metabol-ism in rainbow trout[J]. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology:Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches, 2001,74(5):668-678.
[11]Calbet J A L, Maclean D A. Plasma Glucagon and Insulin Responses Depend on the Rate of Appearance of Amino Acids after Ingestion of Different Protein Solutions in Humans[J]. Journal of Nutrition, 2002, 132(8):2174-2182.
[12]Moon T W, Foster G D. Chapter 4 Tissue carbohydrate metabolism,gluconeogenesis and hormonal and environmental influences[J]. Biochemistry&Molecular Biology of Fishes,1995,4(6):65-100.
[13]戈贤平,刘波,谢骏,等.饲料中不同碳水化合物水平对翘嘴红鲌生长及血液指标和糖代谢酶的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(3):88-93.
[14]刘含亮,孙敏敏,王红卫,等.注射葡萄糖对吉富罗非鱼血浆生化指标、胰岛素和糖酵解关键酶的影响[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):813-820.
[15]杨莹.日粮糖水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼生长和糖代谢相关酶基因表达的影响[D].上海:华东师范大学,2011.
[16]林小植,罗毅平,谢小军.饲料碳水化合物水平对南方鲇幼鱼餐后糖酵解酶活性及血糖浓度的影响[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(3):304-310.
[17]蔡春芳,王永玲,陈立侨,等.饲料糖种类和水平对青鱼、鲫生长和体成分的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(3):452-459.
[18]马红娜,王猛强,陆游,等.碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017(3):824-835.
[19]黄鹤忠,丁磊,宋学宏,等.青鱼和草鱼葡萄糖耐量的比较研究[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(4):496-500.
[20]周传朋.不同水平碳水化合物日粮对团头鲂的生长、免疫及相关糖代谢酶的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[21]谭青松.异育银鲫和长吻鮠对饲料碳水化合物利用的比较研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所),2005.
[22]范泽,李静辉,王安琪,等.饲料中木薯淀粉添加水平对鲤生长性能、消化能力及糖代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):4044-4053.
[23]王广宇,刘波,谢骏,等.鱼类糖代谢几种关键酶的研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2008,17(3):377-383.
[24]周华,樊启学,宗克金,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对鳡幼鱼生长和体成分的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(3):108-113.
[2]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].中国农业出版社,1996.
[3]聂琴,苗惠君,苗淑彦,等.不同糖源及糖水平对大菱鲆糖代谢酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(3):425-433.
[4]刘波,谢骏,苏永腾,等.高碳水化合物日粮对翘嘴红鲌生长、GK及GK mRNA表达的影响[J].水生生物学报, 2008, 32(1):47-53.
[5]Lin D. Grass car P, Cteno Pharyngodon idella. In:Handbook of nutrient requirements of finfish(Wilson R P Ed.)[J]. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,1991:89-96.
[6]胡毅,陈云飞,张德洪,等.不同碳水化合物和蛋白水平膨化饲料对大规格草鱼生长、肠道消化酶及血清指标的影响[J].水产学报, 2018,42(5):156-165.
[7]Enes P, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Navarro I, et al. Role of insulin and IGF-I on the regulation of glucose metabolism in European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)fed with different dietaycarbohy-drate levels[J]. Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology, 2010,157(4):346-353.
[8]缪凌鸿,刘波,戈贤平,等.高碳水化合物水平日粮对异育银鲫生长、生理、免疫和肝脏超微结构的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(2):221-230.
[9]Hilton J W, Atkinson J L. Response of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri to inceased levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diet[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1982,47(3):597-607.
[10]Mommsen T P, Moon T W, Plisetskaya E M. Effects of arginine on pancreatic hormones and hepatic metabol-ism in rainbow trout[J]. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology:Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches, 2001,74(5):668-678.
[11]Calbet J A L, Maclean D A. Plasma Glucagon and Insulin Responses Depend on the Rate of Appearance of Amino Acids after Ingestion of Different Protein Solutions in Humans[J]. Journal of Nutrition, 2002, 132(8):2174-2182.
[12]Moon T W, Foster G D. Chapter 4 Tissue carbohydrate metabolism,gluconeogenesis and hormonal and environmental influences[J]. Biochemistry&Molecular Biology of Fishes,1995,4(6):65-100.
[13]戈贤平,刘波,谢骏,等.饲料中不同碳水化合物水平对翘嘴红鲌生长及血液指标和糖代谢酶的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(3):88-93.
[14]刘含亮,孙敏敏,王红卫,等.注射葡萄糖对吉富罗非鱼血浆生化指标、胰岛素和糖酵解关键酶的影响[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):813-820.
[15]杨莹.日粮糖水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼生长和糖代谢相关酶基因表达的影响[D].上海:华东师范大学,2011.
[16]林小植,罗毅平,谢小军.饲料碳水化合物水平对南方鲇幼鱼餐后糖酵解酶活性及血糖浓度的影响[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(3):304-310.
[17]蔡春芳,王永玲,陈立侨,等.饲料糖种类和水平对青鱼、鲫生长和体成分的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(3):452-459.
[18]马红娜,王猛强,陆游,等.碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017(3):824-835.
[19]黄鹤忠,丁磊,宋学宏,等.青鱼和草鱼葡萄糖耐量的比较研究[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(4):496-500.
[20]周传朋.不同水平碳水化合物日粮对团头鲂的生长、免疫及相关糖代谢酶的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[21]谭青松.异育银鲫和长吻鮠对饲料碳水化合物利用的比较研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所),2005.
[22]范泽,李静辉,王安琪,等.饲料中木薯淀粉添加水平对鲤生长性能、消化能力及糖代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):4044-4053.
[23]王广宇,刘波,谢骏,等.鱼类糖代谢几种关键酶的研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2008,17(3):377-383.
[24]周华,樊启学,宗克金,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对鳡幼鱼生长和体成分的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(3):108-113.