儿童情景记忆绑定加工:研究范式、发展特点及影响因素
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摘要
个体需要将亲身经历的核心事实信息及其发生的时间、空间等背景信息绑定起来形成情景记忆,绑定加工能力的发展是儿童情景记忆发展的基础。目前,儿童情景记忆绑定加工研究的主要范式有要素绑定范式和配对关联学习范式。绑定加工在儿童期的发展表现出项目-空间绑定记忆优于项目-时间绑定记忆,复杂任务的绑定加工水平较低的特点。儿童情景记忆绑定加工的发展依赖于编码和提取能力的发展、执行功能认知灵活性的提高以及内侧颞叶和前额叶皮层的发育。未来可以对情景记忆绑定加工的发展开展纵向研究、采用VR技术提高绑定加工研究的生态效度、加强对情景记忆绑定加工神经机制的探讨等。
Individuals need to bind the core facts of personal experience and the context information such as time and space to form episodic memory. Therefore,the process of binding is the basis for the development of episodic memory. Binding is a coding process for the relationship between simultaneous stimuli. At present,children's episodic memory binding process is mainly studied through element binding paradigm and paired-associate learning paadigm. The development of binding in childhood is as follows: item-space binding is better than item-time binding,and complex task binding is poor. The development of children's episodic memory binding process relies on the development of coding and retrieving capabilities,the enhancement of cognitive flexibility,and the development of MTL and PFC. In the future research,we can expand longitudinal research,use VR technology to improve ecological validity,and deepen the discussion of the neural mechanism of binding process.
Individuals need to bind the core facts of personal experience and the context information such as time and space to form episodic memory. Therefore,the process of binding is the basis for the development of episodic memory. Binding is a coding process for the relationship between simultaneous stimuli. At present,children's episodic memory binding process is mainly studied through element binding paradigm and paired-associate learning paadigm. The development of binding in childhood is as follows: item-space binding is better than item-time binding,and complex task binding is poor. The development of children's episodic memory binding process relies on the development of coding and retrieving capabilities,the enhancement of cognitive flexibility,and the development of MTL and PFC. In the future research,we can expand longitudinal research,use VR technology to improve ecological validity,and deepen the discussion of the neural mechanism of binding process.
引文
Bachevalier,J.,&Vargha-Khadem,F.(2005).The primate hippocampus:Ontogeny,early insult and memory.Current Opinion in Neurobiology,15(2),168-174.
Barnes,J.M.,&Underwood,B.J.(1959).“Fate”of first-list associations in transfer theory.Journal of Experimental Psychology,58(2),97-105.
Bauer,P.J.,&Leventon,J.S.(2013).Memory for one-time experiences in the second year of life:Implications for the status of episodic memory.Infancy,18(5),755-781.
Blankenship,T.L.,&Bell,M.A.(2015).Frontotemporal coherence and executive functions contribute to episodic memory during middle childhood.Developmental Neuropsychology,40(7-8),430-444.
Bjorklund,D.F.,Dukes,C.,&Brown,R.D.(2009).The development of memory strategies.In M.L.Courage&N.Cowan(Eds.),Studies in developmental psychology.The development of memory in infancy and childhood(pp.145-175).New York,NY,US:Psychology Press.
Cohen,N.J.,Poldrack,R.A.,&Eichenbaum,H.(1997).Memory for items and memory for relations in the procedural/declarative memory framework.Memory,5(1-2),131-178.
Cycowicz,Y.M.,Friedman,D.,Snodgrass,J.G.,&Duff,M.(2001).Recognition and source memory for pictures in children and adults.Neuropsychologia,39(3),255-267.
Drummey,A.B.,&Newcombe,N.S.(2002).Developmental changes in source memory.Developmental Science,5(4),502-513.
Ekstrom,A.D.,Copara,M.S.,Isham,E.A.,Wang,W.C.,&Yonelinas,A.P.(2011).Dissociable networks involved in spatial and temporal order source retrieval.Neuroimage,56(3),1803-1813.
Ghetti,S.,&Bunge,S.A.(2012).Neural changes underlying the development of episodic memory during middle childhood.Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience,2(4),381-395.
Giovanello,K.S.,Schnyer,D.M.,&Verfaellie,M.(2004).Acritical role for the anterior hippocampus in relational memory:Evidence from an f MRI study comparing associative and item recognition.Hippocampus,14(1),5-8.
Gogtay,N.,Nugent,T.F.,Herman,D.H.,Ordonez,A.,Greenstein,D.,Hayashi,K.M.,et al.(2006).Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development.Hippocampus,16(8),664-672.
Guillery-Girard,B.,Clochon,P.,Giffard,B.,Viard,A.,Egler,P.J.,Baleyte,J.M.,et al.(2013)“Disorganized in time”:Impact of bottom-up and top-down negative emotion generation on memory formation among healthy and traumatized adolescents.Journal of PhysiologyParis,107(4),247-254.
Howard,M.W.,&Eichenbaum,H.(2013).The hippocampus,time,and memory across scales.Journal of experimental psychology:General,142(4),1211-1230.
Humphreys,M.S.,Bain,J.D.,&Pike,R.(1989).Different ways to cue a coherent memory system:A theory for episodic,semantic,and procedural tasks.Psychological Review,96(2),208-233.
Humphreys,M.S.,Wiles,J.,&Dennis,S.(1994).Toward a theory of human memory:Data structures and access processes.Behavioral and Brain Sciences,17(4),655-667.
Hunsaker,M.R.,&Kesner,R.P.(2013).The operation of pattern separation and pattern completion processes associated with different attributes or domains of memory.Neuroscience&Biobehavioral Reviews,37(1),36-58.
Konkel,A.,&Cohen,N.J.(2009).Relational memory and the hippocampus:Representations and methods.Frontiers in Neuroscience,3,166-174.
Lacy,J.W.,Yassa,M.A.,Stark,S.M.,Muftuler,L.T.,&Stark,C.E.(2011).Distinct pattern separation related transfer functions in human CA3/dentate and CA1 revealed using high-resolution f MRI and variable mnemonic similarity.Learning&Memory,18(1),15-18.
Lee,J.K.,Ekstrom,A.D.,&Ghetti,S.(2014).Volume of hippocampal subfields and episodic memory in childhood and adolescence.Neuroimage,94(7),162-171.
Lee,J.K.,Wendelken,C.,Bunge,S.A.,&Ghetti,S.(2016).A time and place for everything:Developmental differences in the building blocks of episodic memory.Child Development,87(1),194-210.
Maister,L.,Simons,J.S.,&Plaistedgrant,K.(2013).Executive functions are employed to process episodic and relational memories in children with autism spectrum disorders.Neuropsychology,27(6),615-627.
Mueller,C.,Luehrs,M.,Baecke,S.,Adolf,D.,Luetzkendorf,R.,&Luchtmann,M.,et al.(2012).Building virtual reality fmri paradigms:A framework for presenting immersive virtual environments.Journal of Neuroscience Methods,209(2),290-298.
Newcombe,N.S.,Lloyd,M.E.,&Ratliff,K.R.(2007).Development of episodic and autobiographical memory:A cognitive neuroscience perspective.Advances in Child Development and Behavior,35,37-85.
Ngo,C.,Lin,Y.,Newcombe,N.,&Olson,I.(2018).Building up and wearing down episodic memory:Mnemonic discrimination and relational binding.Temple University,4,1-52
Picard,L.,Abram,M.,Orriols,E.,&Piolino,P.(2015).Virtual reality as an ecologically valid tool for assessing multifaceted episodic memory in children and adolescents.International Journal of Behavioral Development,41(1),13-28.
Picard,L.,Cousin,S.,Guillery-Girard,B.,Eustache,F.,&Piolino,P.(2012).How do the different components of episodic memory develop?Role of executive functions and short‐term feature‐binding abilities.Child Development,83(3),1037-1050.
Porter,L.W.,&Duncan,C.P.(1953).Negative transfer in verbal learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology,46(1),61-64.
Reagh,Z.M.,&Yassa,M.A.(2014).Object and spatial mnemonic interference differentially engage lateral and medial entorhinal cortex in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(40),E4264-E4273.
Riggins,T.(2014).Longitudinal investigation of source memory reveals different developmental trajectories for item memory and binding.Developmental Psychology,50(2),449-459.
Shing,Y.L.,&Lindenberger,U.(2011).The development of episodic memory:Lifespan lessons.Child Development Perspectives,5(2),148-155.
Shing,Y.L.,Werkle-Bergner,M.,Li,S.C.,&Lindenberger,U.(2008).Associative and strategic components of episodic memory:Alife-span dissociation.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,137(3),495-513.
Sloutsky V.M.,&Fisher A.V.(2004).Induction and categorization in young children:A similarity-based model.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,133(2),166-188.
Sluzenski,J.,Newcombe,N.S.,&Kovacs,S.L.(2006).Binding,relational memory,and recall of naturalistic events:a developmental perspective.Journal of Experimental Psychology.Learning,Memory,and Cognition,32(1),89-100.
Tulving,E.(2001).Episodic memory and common sense:how far apart?.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,356(1413),1505-1515.
Yim,H.,Dennis,S.J.,&Sloutsky,V.M.(2013).The development of episodic memory:Items,contexts,and relations.Psychological Science,24(11),2163-2172.
Zeithamova,D.,&Preston,A.R.(2010).Flexible memories:Differential roles for medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex in cross-episode binding.Journal of Neuroscience the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience,30(44),14676-84.
Barnes,J.M.,&Underwood,B.J.(1959).“Fate”of first-list associations in transfer theory.Journal of Experimental Psychology,58(2),97-105.
Bauer,P.J.,&Leventon,J.S.(2013).Memory for one-time experiences in the second year of life:Implications for the status of episodic memory.Infancy,18(5),755-781.
Blankenship,T.L.,&Bell,M.A.(2015).Frontotemporal coherence and executive functions contribute to episodic memory during middle childhood.Developmental Neuropsychology,40(7-8),430-444.
Bjorklund,D.F.,Dukes,C.,&Brown,R.D.(2009).The development of memory strategies.In M.L.Courage&N.Cowan(Eds.),Studies in developmental psychology.The development of memory in infancy and childhood(pp.145-175).New York,NY,US:Psychology Press.
Cohen,N.J.,Poldrack,R.A.,&Eichenbaum,H.(1997).Memory for items and memory for relations in the procedural/declarative memory framework.Memory,5(1-2),131-178.
Cycowicz,Y.M.,Friedman,D.,Snodgrass,J.G.,&Duff,M.(2001).Recognition and source memory for pictures in children and adults.Neuropsychologia,39(3),255-267.
Drummey,A.B.,&Newcombe,N.S.(2002).Developmental changes in source memory.Developmental Science,5(4),502-513.
Ekstrom,A.D.,Copara,M.S.,Isham,E.A.,Wang,W.C.,&Yonelinas,A.P.(2011).Dissociable networks involved in spatial and temporal order source retrieval.Neuroimage,56(3),1803-1813.
Ghetti,S.,&Bunge,S.A.(2012).Neural changes underlying the development of episodic memory during middle childhood.Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience,2(4),381-395.
Giovanello,K.S.,Schnyer,D.M.,&Verfaellie,M.(2004).Acritical role for the anterior hippocampus in relational memory:Evidence from an f MRI study comparing associative and item recognition.Hippocampus,14(1),5-8.
Gogtay,N.,Nugent,T.F.,Herman,D.H.,Ordonez,A.,Greenstein,D.,Hayashi,K.M.,et al.(2006).Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development.Hippocampus,16(8),664-672.
Guillery-Girard,B.,Clochon,P.,Giffard,B.,Viard,A.,Egler,P.J.,Baleyte,J.M.,et al.(2013)“Disorganized in time”:Impact of bottom-up and top-down negative emotion generation on memory formation among healthy and traumatized adolescents.Journal of PhysiologyParis,107(4),247-254.
Howard,M.W.,&Eichenbaum,H.(2013).The hippocampus,time,and memory across scales.Journal of experimental psychology:General,142(4),1211-1230.
Humphreys,M.S.,Bain,J.D.,&Pike,R.(1989).Different ways to cue a coherent memory system:A theory for episodic,semantic,and procedural tasks.Psychological Review,96(2),208-233.
Humphreys,M.S.,Wiles,J.,&Dennis,S.(1994).Toward a theory of human memory:Data structures and access processes.Behavioral and Brain Sciences,17(4),655-667.
Hunsaker,M.R.,&Kesner,R.P.(2013).The operation of pattern separation and pattern completion processes associated with different attributes or domains of memory.Neuroscience&Biobehavioral Reviews,37(1),36-58.
Konkel,A.,&Cohen,N.J.(2009).Relational memory and the hippocampus:Representations and methods.Frontiers in Neuroscience,3,166-174.
Lacy,J.W.,Yassa,M.A.,Stark,S.M.,Muftuler,L.T.,&Stark,C.E.(2011).Distinct pattern separation related transfer functions in human CA3/dentate and CA1 revealed using high-resolution f MRI and variable mnemonic similarity.Learning&Memory,18(1),15-18.
Lee,J.K.,Ekstrom,A.D.,&Ghetti,S.(2014).Volume of hippocampal subfields and episodic memory in childhood and adolescence.Neuroimage,94(7),162-171.
Lee,J.K.,Wendelken,C.,Bunge,S.A.,&Ghetti,S.(2016).A time and place for everything:Developmental differences in the building blocks of episodic memory.Child Development,87(1),194-210.
Maister,L.,Simons,J.S.,&Plaistedgrant,K.(2013).Executive functions are employed to process episodic and relational memories in children with autism spectrum disorders.Neuropsychology,27(6),615-627.
Mueller,C.,Luehrs,M.,Baecke,S.,Adolf,D.,Luetzkendorf,R.,&Luchtmann,M.,et al.(2012).Building virtual reality fmri paradigms:A framework for presenting immersive virtual environments.Journal of Neuroscience Methods,209(2),290-298.
Newcombe,N.S.,Lloyd,M.E.,&Ratliff,K.R.(2007).Development of episodic and autobiographical memory:A cognitive neuroscience perspective.Advances in Child Development and Behavior,35,37-85.
Ngo,C.,Lin,Y.,Newcombe,N.,&Olson,I.(2018).Building up and wearing down episodic memory:Mnemonic discrimination and relational binding.Temple University,4,1-52
Picard,L.,Abram,M.,Orriols,E.,&Piolino,P.(2015).Virtual reality as an ecologically valid tool for assessing multifaceted episodic memory in children and adolescents.International Journal of Behavioral Development,41(1),13-28.
Picard,L.,Cousin,S.,Guillery-Girard,B.,Eustache,F.,&Piolino,P.(2012).How do the different components of episodic memory develop?Role of executive functions and short‐term feature‐binding abilities.Child Development,83(3),1037-1050.
Porter,L.W.,&Duncan,C.P.(1953).Negative transfer in verbal learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology,46(1),61-64.
Reagh,Z.M.,&Yassa,M.A.(2014).Object and spatial mnemonic interference differentially engage lateral and medial entorhinal cortex in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(40),E4264-E4273.
Riggins,T.(2014).Longitudinal investigation of source memory reveals different developmental trajectories for item memory and binding.Developmental Psychology,50(2),449-459.
Shing,Y.L.,&Lindenberger,U.(2011).The development of episodic memory:Lifespan lessons.Child Development Perspectives,5(2),148-155.
Shing,Y.L.,Werkle-Bergner,M.,Li,S.C.,&Lindenberger,U.(2008).Associative and strategic components of episodic memory:Alife-span dissociation.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,137(3),495-513.
Sloutsky V.M.,&Fisher A.V.(2004).Induction and categorization in young children:A similarity-based model.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,133(2),166-188.
Sluzenski,J.,Newcombe,N.S.,&Kovacs,S.L.(2006).Binding,relational memory,and recall of naturalistic events:a developmental perspective.Journal of Experimental Psychology.Learning,Memory,and Cognition,32(1),89-100.
Tulving,E.(2001).Episodic memory and common sense:how far apart?.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,356(1413),1505-1515.
Yim,H.,Dennis,S.J.,&Sloutsky,V.M.(2013).The development of episodic memory:Items,contexts,and relations.Psychological Science,24(11),2163-2172.
Zeithamova,D.,&Preston,A.R.(2010).Flexible memories:Differential roles for medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex in cross-episode binding.Journal of Neuroscience the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience,30(44),14676-84.