断奶仔猪对尼龙绳与塑料管的偏好研究
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摘要
通过研究仔猪对圈栏内安置的尼龙绳与塑料管的偏好,为提升断奶仔猪的福利水平提供试验依据。采用随机设计方法,从3窝断奶7 d后的仔猪群中各选取4头体重相近的健康仔猪作为研究对象;在圈栏内安置尼龙绳和塑料管2种不同材质的玩具,研究断奶仔猪对不同玩具所引发的操控行为次数、时间及对玩具不同部位的偏好程度。结果表明:在尼龙绳和塑料管2种玩具中,尼龙绳所引发的仔猪操控时间较长(P<0.05);仔猪对尼龙绳的拱掀次数和由尼龙绳所引发的争斗行为次数均高于塑料管,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);对玩具不同部位的偏好分析中,仔猪对2种玩具凸起区的操控时长均高于支撑区(P<0.05)。综上提示,与塑料管相比断奶仔猪对尼龙绳的偏好性更强,表明尼龙绳是改善断奶仔猪福利的更佳材料。
In order to provide experimental basis for improving the welfare level of weaned piglets,the preference experiment of piglets for nylon rope and plastic tube placed in the enclosure was conducted.Four healthy piglets with similar weights were selected from each of the 3 litters of piglets 7 days after weaning,respectively;two kinds of toys with different materials,nylon rope and plastics,were placed in the enclosure to study the frequency,time and preference of weaned piglets to different toys.The results showed that the duration of manipulating time caused by the nylon rope was significantly longer than plastic tube(P<0.05);the number of lifting and the fighting caused by the nylon rope were higher than those of the plastic tube,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05);in the preference analysis of different parts of toys,the control time of piglets on the convex area of two kinds of toys was longer than that of the support area(P<0.05).Taken together,compared with plastic tube,weaned piglets have a stronger preference for nylon rope,thus nylon rope is a better material to improve the welfare of weaned piglets.
In order to provide experimental basis for improving the welfare level of weaned piglets,the preference experiment of piglets for nylon rope and plastic tube placed in the enclosure was conducted.Four healthy piglets with similar weights were selected from each of the 3 litters of piglets 7 days after weaning,respectively;two kinds of toys with different materials,nylon rope and plastics,were placed in the enclosure to study the frequency,time and preference of weaned piglets to different toys.The results showed that the duration of manipulating time caused by the nylon rope was significantly longer than plastic tube(P<0.05);the number of lifting and the fighting caused by the nylon rope were higher than those of the plastic tube,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05);in the preference analysis of different parts of toys,the control time of piglets on the convex area of two kinds of toys was longer than that of the support area(P<0.05).Taken together,compared with plastic tube,weaned piglets have a stronger preference for nylon rope,thus nylon rope is a better material to improve the welfare of weaned piglets.
引文
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[13]BOLHUIS J E,SCHOUTEN W G P,SCHRAMA J W,et al.Behavioural development of pigs with different coping characteristics in barren and substrate-enriched housing conditions[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,93(3):213-228.
[14]BEATTIE V E,WALKER N,SNEDDON I A.Effects of environmental enrichment on behaviour and productivity of growing pigs[J].Animal Welfare,1995,80(4):207-220.
[15]SCHAEFER A L,SALOMONS M O,TONG A K W,et al.The effect of environment enrichment on aggression in newly weaned pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1990,27(1):41-52.
[16]APPLE J K,CRAIG J V.The influence of pen size on toy preference of growing pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1992,35(2):149-155.
[2]WEMELSFELDER F,HASKELL M,MENDL M T,et al.Diversity of behaviour during novel object tests is reduced in pigs housed in substrate-impoverished conditions[J].Animal Behaviour,2000,60(3):385-394.
[3]MOINARD C,MENDL M,NICOL C J,et al.A case control study of on-farm risk factors for tail biting in pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2003,81(4):333-355.
[4]张振玲,李云龙,薛忠,等.我国规模猪场仔猪福利问题与对策[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(9):83-86.
[5]NGAPO T M,DRANSFIELD E,MARTIN J F,et al.Consumer perceptions:pork and pig production.Insights from France,England,Sweden and Denmark[J].Meat Science,2004,66(1):125-134.
[6]BEATTIE V E,SNEDDON I A,WALKER N,et al.Environmental enrichment of intensive pig housing using spent mushroom compost[J].Animal Science,2016,72(1):35-42.
[7]王丽娜,李志娟,束刚,等.断尾及添加玩具对仔猪行为和生产性能及血液指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(9):72-77.
[8]BEATTIE V E,CONNELL N O,MOSS B W.Influence of environmental enrichment on the behaviour,performance and meat quality of domestic pigs[J].Livestock Production Science,2000,65(1):71-79.
[9]WELLOCK I J,EMMANS G C,KYRIAZAKIS I.Predicting the consequences of social stressors on pig food intake and performance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(12):2995-3007.
[10]GENTRY J G,MCGLONE J J,MILLER M F,et al.Environmental effects on pig performance,meat quality,and muscle characteristics[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(1):209-218.
[11]GRANDIN T.Effect of rearing environment and environmental enrichment on behavior and neural development in young pigs[D].Urbana-Champaign:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1989.
[12]PETERSEN V,SIMONSEN H,LAWSON L.The effect of environmental stimulation on the development of behaviour in pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1995,45(4):215-224.
[13]BOLHUIS J E,SCHOUTEN W G P,SCHRAMA J W,et al.Behavioural development of pigs with different coping characteristics in barren and substrate-enriched housing conditions[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,93(3):213-228.
[14]BEATTIE V E,WALKER N,SNEDDON I A.Effects of environmental enrichment on behaviour and productivity of growing pigs[J].Animal Welfare,1995,80(4):207-220.
[15]SCHAEFER A L,SALOMONS M O,TONG A K W,et al.The effect of environment enrichment on aggression in newly weaned pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1990,27(1):41-52.
[16]APPLE J K,CRAIG J V.The influence of pen size on toy preference of growing pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1992,35(2):149-155.