哀牢山区降水时空变化及其阻隔效应研究
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摘要
为了揭示滇中地区降水的时空分异特征,以哀牢山区7年(2008-2014年)来110个模拟气象站点逐日降水数据为基础,运用普通克里金插值、T检验等方法对哀牢山区降水的时空格局进行多尺度分析,并探讨了哀牢山降水阻隔效应.结果表明:①从降水站点尺度看,哀牢山西侧站点的降水量均高于东侧对应站点,哀牢山北端和中部两侧降水差异最小,南段两侧降水差异最大;②从等降水量线尺度看, 800 mm与1 200 mm等降水量线在不同降水类型年份走势存在差异,降水偏多年份等降水量线分布杂乱,降水偏少年份等降水量线与哀牢山走势相近;③从降水量插值面尺度看,哀牢山区降水的空间分异特征可划分为东部高原区、中西部三角岭谷区、以及南部水平丘陵区.总体上看,哀牢山北段较南段降水阻隔效应更明显,体现了较高的时空异质性.
In order to reveal the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of precipitation in central Yunnan, based on the daily precipitation data of 110 simulated meteorological sites in the Ailao Mountain Area in the 7 years from 2008 to 2014, ordinary Kriging interpolation and T-test are used to make a multi-scale analysis of the spatial and temporal pattern of precipitation in this mountainous area, and the precipitation barrier effect of the Ailao Mountains is discussed. The results show that from the scale of precipitation sites, the precipitation of the side west of the Ailao Mountains is higher than that of the east side, and the difference in precipitation between the two sides is the smallest in the northern and central sections of the Ailao Mountains and the largest in the southern section. From the scale of the equipluve(equivalent precipitation line), the 800 mm and 1 200 mm equipluves have different trends in different precipitation types. In years with more precipitation, the equipluves are distributed in greater disorder, while in years with less precipitation, they run in a similar trend to that of the Ailao Mountains. From the scale of precipitation interpolation, the spatial differentiation characteristics of precipitation in the Ailao Mountains can be divided into the eastern plateau area, the central and western triangle gorge area, and the southern horizontal hilly area. Generally speaking, the precipitation barrier effect of the northern part of the Ailao Mountains is more obvious than that of the southern part, which reflects a higher spatial and temporal heterogeneity.
In order to reveal the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of precipitation in central Yunnan, based on the daily precipitation data of 110 simulated meteorological sites in the Ailao Mountain Area in the 7 years from 2008 to 2014, ordinary Kriging interpolation and T-test are used to make a multi-scale analysis of the spatial and temporal pattern of precipitation in this mountainous area, and the precipitation barrier effect of the Ailao Mountains is discussed. The results show that from the scale of precipitation sites, the precipitation of the side west of the Ailao Mountains is higher than that of the east side, and the difference in precipitation between the two sides is the smallest in the northern and central sections of the Ailao Mountains and the largest in the southern section. From the scale of the equipluve(equivalent precipitation line), the 800 mm and 1 200 mm equipluves have different trends in different precipitation types. In years with more precipitation, the equipluves are distributed in greater disorder, while in years with less precipitation, they run in a similar trend to that of the Ailao Mountains. From the scale of precipitation interpolation, the spatial differentiation characteristics of precipitation in the Ailao Mountains can be divided into the eastern plateau area, the central and western triangle gorge area, and the southern horizontal hilly area. Generally speaking, the precipitation barrier effect of the northern part of the Ailao Mountains is more obvious than that of the southern part, which reflects a higher spatial and temporal heterogeneity.
引文
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[3] 欧阳琳,阳坤,秦军,等.喜马拉雅山区降水研究进展与展望 [J].高原气象,2017,36(5):1165-1175.
[4] 张永民,肖风劲.豫西山区降水与气温的波动规律研究 [J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):2132-2141.
[5] 周浩,程炳岩,康俊.盛夏南亚高压位置异常与重庆降水气温的联系 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(7):110-116.
[6] 胡金明,何大明,李运刚.从湿季降水分异论哀牢山季风交汇 [J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):183-192.
[7] 胡菡,王建力.云南地区大气降水中氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源分析 [J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,40(5):142-149.
[8] 张克映,马友鑫,李佑荣,等.哀牢山过山气流的气候效应 [J].地理研究,1992,11(3):65-70.
[9] 张克映,张一平,刘玉洪,等.哀牢山降水垂直分布特征 [J].地理科学,1994,14(2):144-199.
[10] 刘玉洪.哀牢山北段山地的地温气候资源分析 [J].自然资源学报,1993,8(2):158-165.
[11] 刘洋,张一平,刘玉洪,等.哀牢山北段地区气候特征及变化趋势 [J].山地学报,2009,27(2):203-210.
[12] 胡金明,何大明,吴绍洪,等.纵向岭谷区北回归线一带年降水区域分异特征 [J].地理学报,2010,65(3):281-292.
[13] 杞金华,章永江,张一平,等.哀牢山常绿阔叶林水源涵养功能及其在应对西南干旱中的作用 [J].生态学报,2012,32(6):1692-1702.
[14] 何大明,吴绍洪,彭华,等.纵向岭谷区生态系统变化及西南跨境生态安全研究 [J].地球科学进展,2005,20(3):338-344.
[15] 张克映.滇南气候的特征及其形成因子的初步分析 [J].气象学报,1963,21(2):218-230.
[16] 姜汉侨.云南植被分布的特点及其地带规律性 [J].云南植物研究,1980,2(1):22-32.
[17] 王声跃.云南地理 [M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2002.70.
[18] 杨明宇,王娟,王建皓,等.云南生物多样性及其保护研究 [M].科学出版社,2008.
[19] 徐嘉行,冯国柱.西南地区夏季风定义与特征的分析 [J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),1982,4(3):1-2,5-10.
[20] ZHANG Ke-ying.The Climate Dividing Line Between SW and SE Monsoons and Their Differences in Climatology and Ecology in Yunnan Province [J].Climatological Notes,1988,38:197-207.