技术标准竞争研究40年:成就与挑战
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摘要
近年来,复杂技术系统的大规模创新和智能技术开发越来越依赖于技术标准的确立,而不同技术标准之间的竞争也成为学术界关注的焦点。本文以1978年Abernathy和Utterback的经典文献为起点,系统回顾了40年来技术标准竞争研究领域的主要文献。基于技术管理理论、产业组织理论和战略管理理论,对技术标准竞争文献的研究脉络进行了系统梳理,通过对比分析不同理论视角下技术标准竞争的驱动因素、分析层次、研究方法、核心观点及主要研究局限,提出技术标准竞争研究未来面临的主要挑战。
In recent years,the large-scale innovations of complex technology systems and the development of smart technologies rely more and more on the establishment of technology standards. Meanwhile,battles between different technology standards have been received great attention in academia. Taking the seminal work by Abernathy and Utterback in 1978 as the starting point,the article systematically reviews the 40 years of research in the field of technology standard battles. The article first sorts out research streams of different theoretical perspectives on technology standard battles,including technology management theory,industrial organization theory and strategic management theory. By comparing the three different theoretical perspectives on the following aspects,such as the driving factors of standard battles,level of analysis,research methodology,main arguments and research limitations,the article puts forward the research challenges in future studies.
In recent years,the large-scale innovations of complex technology systems and the development of smart technologies rely more and more on the establishment of technology standards. Meanwhile,battles between different technology standards have been received great attention in academia. Taking the seminal work by Abernathy and Utterback in 1978 as the starting point,the article systematically reviews the 40 years of research in the field of technology standard battles. The article first sorts out research streams of different theoretical perspectives on technology standard battles,including technology management theory,industrial organization theory and strategic management theory. By comparing the three different theoretical perspectives on the following aspects,such as the driving factors of standard battles,level of analysis,research methodology,main arguments and research limitations,the article puts forward the research challenges in future studies.
引文
[1]ABERNATHY W J,UTTERBACK J M. Patterns of industrial innovation[J].Technology review,1978,80(7):40-47.
[2]ANDERSON P,TUSHMAN M L. Technological discontinuities and dominant designs:a cyclical model of technological change[J].Administrative science quarterly,1990,35(4):604-633.
[3]KATZ M L,SHAPIRO C. Network externalities,competition,and compatibility[J]. American economic review,1985,75(3):424-440.
[4]ROCHET J C,TIROLE J. Platform competition in two-sided markets[J].Journal of the European economic association,2003,1(4):990-1029.
[5]SCHILLING M A. Technological lockout:an integrative model of the economic and strategic factors driving technology success and failure[J].Academy of management review,1998,23(2):267-284.
[6]SUREZ F F,GRODAL S,GOTSOPOULOS A. Perfect timing? Dominant category,dominant design,and the window of opportunity for firm entry[J].Strategic management journal,2015,36(3):437-448
[7]GAWER A. Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms:toward an integrative framework[J].Research policy,2014,43(7):1239-1249.
[8]CHEN T,QIAN L,NARAYANAN V. Battle on the wrong field? Entrant type,dominant designs,and technology exit[J].Strategic management journal,2017,38(13):2579-2598
[9]FARRELL J,SALONER G. Standardization,compatibility,and innovation[J]. The RAND journal of economics,1985,16(1):70-83.
[10]CUSUMANO M A,MYLONADIS Y,ROSENBLOOM R S. Strategic maneuvering and mass-market dynamics:the triumph of VHS over Beta[J].Business history review,1992,66(1):51-94.
[11]谢伟. IT业标准竞争的动力学[J].科研管理,2006(2):72-78
[12]张米尔,冯永琴.标准联盟的兴起及诱发技术垄断的机制研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(5):690-696.
[13]MURMANN J P,FRENKEN K. Toward a systematic framework for research on dominant designs,technological innovations,and industrial change[J].Research policy,2006,35(7):925-952.
[14]SRINIVASAN R,LILIEN G L,RANGASWAMY A. The emergence of dominant designs[J].Journal of marketing,2006,70(2):1-17.
[15]李冬梅,宋志红.网络模式、标准联盟与主导设计的产生[J].科学学研究,2017(3):428-437.
[16]MCINTYRE D P,SRINIVASAN A. Networks,platforms,and strategy:emerging views and next steps[J]. Strategic management journal,2017,38(1):141-160.
[17]SUREZ F F,UTTERBACK J M. Dominant designs and the survival of firms[J].Strategic management journal,1995,16(6):415-430.
[18]CHRISTENSEN C,SUREZ F F,UTTERBACK J M. Strategies for survival in fast-changing industries[J].Management science,1998,44(12):S207-S220.
[19]AMANKWAH-AMOAH J. Competing technologies,competing forces:the rise and fall of floppy disk,1971—2010[J].Technology forecasting and social change,2016(107):121-129
[20]BALDWIN C Y,VON HIPPEL E. Modeling a paradigm shift:from producer innovation to user and open collaborative innovation[J].Organization science 2011(22):1399-1417.
[21]DAVID P. Clio and the economics of QWERTY[J].American economic review,1975,75(2):332-337.
[22]ARTHUR W B. Competing technologies,increasing returns,and lock-in by historical event[J].Economic journal,1989,99(394):116-131.
[23]CAILLAUD B,JULLIEN B. Chicken and egg:competition among intermediation service providers[J].The RAND journal of economics,2003,34(2):309-328.
[24]HAGIU A,SPULBER D. First-party content and coordination in two-sided markets[J]. Management science,2013,59(4):933-949
[25]GALLAGHER S,PARK S H. Innovation and competition in standard-based industries:a historical analysis of the U. S. home video game market[J].IEEE transactions on engineering management,2002,49(1):67-82.
[26]KHAZAM J,MOWERY D. Commercialization of RISC:strategies for the creating of dominant designs[J].Research policy,1994,23(1):89-102.
[27]LICHTENTHALER U. Licensing technology to shape standards:examining the influence of the industry context[J].Technological forecasting&social change,2012,79(5):851-861.
[28]HARTIGH E D,ORTT J R,VAN DE KAA G,et al. Platform control during battles for market dominance:the case of Apple versus IBM in the early personal computer industry[J].Technovation,2016,48-49(2-3):4-12.
[29]VAN DEN ENDE J,VAN DE KAA G,UIJL S D,et al. The paradox of standard flexibility:the effects of co-evolution between standard and interorganizational network[J].Organization studies,2012,33(5-6):705-736.
[30]杨蕙馨,王硕,冯文娜.网络效应视角下技术标准的竞争性扩散[J].中国工业经济,2014(9):135-147.
[31]KLEMPERER P. Markets with consumer switching costs[J].The quarterly journal of economics,1987,102(2):375-394.
[32]GALLAGHER S R. The battle of the blue laser DVDs:the significance of corporate strategy in standards battles[J].Technovation,2012,32(2):90-98.
[33]GARUD R,KUMARASWAMY A. Changing competitive dynamics in network industries:an exploration of Sun Microsystems'open systems strategy[J].Strategic management journal,1993,14(5):351-369.
[34]CENAMOR J,ZULIMA U,FERNNDEZ Z. The role of complementary products on platform adoption:evidence from the video console market[J].Technovation,2013,33(12):405-416.
[35]ARMSTRONGM. Competition in two-sided markets[J].The RAND journal of economics,2006(37):668-691.
[2]ANDERSON P,TUSHMAN M L. Technological discontinuities and dominant designs:a cyclical model of technological change[J].Administrative science quarterly,1990,35(4):604-633.
[3]KATZ M L,SHAPIRO C. Network externalities,competition,and compatibility[J]. American economic review,1985,75(3):424-440.
[4]ROCHET J C,TIROLE J. Platform competition in two-sided markets[J].Journal of the European economic association,2003,1(4):990-1029.
[5]SCHILLING M A. Technological lockout:an integrative model of the economic and strategic factors driving technology success and failure[J].Academy of management review,1998,23(2):267-284.
[6]SUREZ F F,GRODAL S,GOTSOPOULOS A. Perfect timing? Dominant category,dominant design,and the window of opportunity for firm entry[J].Strategic management journal,2015,36(3):437-448
[7]GAWER A. Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms:toward an integrative framework[J].Research policy,2014,43(7):1239-1249.
[8]CHEN T,QIAN L,NARAYANAN V. Battle on the wrong field? Entrant type,dominant designs,and technology exit[J].Strategic management journal,2017,38(13):2579-2598
[9]FARRELL J,SALONER G. Standardization,compatibility,and innovation[J]. The RAND journal of economics,1985,16(1):70-83.
[10]CUSUMANO M A,MYLONADIS Y,ROSENBLOOM R S. Strategic maneuvering and mass-market dynamics:the triumph of VHS over Beta[J].Business history review,1992,66(1):51-94.
[11]谢伟. IT业标准竞争的动力学[J].科研管理,2006(2):72-78
[12]张米尔,冯永琴.标准联盟的兴起及诱发技术垄断的机制研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(5):690-696.
[13]MURMANN J P,FRENKEN K. Toward a systematic framework for research on dominant designs,technological innovations,and industrial change[J].Research policy,2006,35(7):925-952.
[14]SRINIVASAN R,LILIEN G L,RANGASWAMY A. The emergence of dominant designs[J].Journal of marketing,2006,70(2):1-17.
[15]李冬梅,宋志红.网络模式、标准联盟与主导设计的产生[J].科学学研究,2017(3):428-437.
[16]MCINTYRE D P,SRINIVASAN A. Networks,platforms,and strategy:emerging views and next steps[J]. Strategic management journal,2017,38(1):141-160.
[17]SUREZ F F,UTTERBACK J M. Dominant designs and the survival of firms[J].Strategic management journal,1995,16(6):415-430.
[18]CHRISTENSEN C,SUREZ F F,UTTERBACK J M. Strategies for survival in fast-changing industries[J].Management science,1998,44(12):S207-S220.
[19]AMANKWAH-AMOAH J. Competing technologies,competing forces:the rise and fall of floppy disk,1971—2010[J].Technology forecasting and social change,2016(107):121-129
[20]BALDWIN C Y,VON HIPPEL E. Modeling a paradigm shift:from producer innovation to user and open collaborative innovation[J].Organization science 2011(22):1399-1417.
[21]DAVID P. Clio and the economics of QWERTY[J].American economic review,1975,75(2):332-337.
[22]ARTHUR W B. Competing technologies,increasing returns,and lock-in by historical event[J].Economic journal,1989,99(394):116-131.
[23]CAILLAUD B,JULLIEN B. Chicken and egg:competition among intermediation service providers[J].The RAND journal of economics,2003,34(2):309-328.
[24]HAGIU A,SPULBER D. First-party content and coordination in two-sided markets[J]. Management science,2013,59(4):933-949
[25]GALLAGHER S,PARK S H. Innovation and competition in standard-based industries:a historical analysis of the U. S. home video game market[J].IEEE transactions on engineering management,2002,49(1):67-82.
[26]KHAZAM J,MOWERY D. Commercialization of RISC:strategies for the creating of dominant designs[J].Research policy,1994,23(1):89-102.
[27]LICHTENTHALER U. Licensing technology to shape standards:examining the influence of the industry context[J].Technological forecasting&social change,2012,79(5):851-861.
[28]HARTIGH E D,ORTT J R,VAN DE KAA G,et al. Platform control during battles for market dominance:the case of Apple versus IBM in the early personal computer industry[J].Technovation,2016,48-49(2-3):4-12.
[29]VAN DEN ENDE J,VAN DE KAA G,UIJL S D,et al. The paradox of standard flexibility:the effects of co-evolution between standard and interorganizational network[J].Organization studies,2012,33(5-6):705-736.
[30]杨蕙馨,王硕,冯文娜.网络效应视角下技术标准的竞争性扩散[J].中国工业经济,2014(9):135-147.
[31]KLEMPERER P. Markets with consumer switching costs[J].The quarterly journal of economics,1987,102(2):375-394.
[32]GALLAGHER S R. The battle of the blue laser DVDs:the significance of corporate strategy in standards battles[J].Technovation,2012,32(2):90-98.
[33]GARUD R,KUMARASWAMY A. Changing competitive dynamics in network industries:an exploration of Sun Microsystems'open systems strategy[J].Strategic management journal,1993,14(5):351-369.
[34]CENAMOR J,ZULIMA U,FERNNDEZ Z. The role of complementary products on platform adoption:evidence from the video console market[J].Technovation,2013,33(12):405-416.
[35]ARMSTRONGM. Competition in two-sided markets[J].The RAND journal of economics,2006(37):668-691.