黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征
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摘要
为明确黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征,采用倒置W型九点取样法对黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草进行了调查,并进行了区域聚类分析。调查结果表明:从杂草种类来看,黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草共有49种,隶属于17科45属,其中禾本科、菊科、十字花科和石竹科种类最多,分别有10、8、7和6种;从杂草优势度来看,优势杂草有7种,分别为看麦娘Alopecurus aequalis、硬草Sclerochloa kengiana、猪殃殃Galium aparine、牛繁缕Malachium aquaticum、稻槎菜Lapsana apogonoides、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris、日本看麦娘A. japonicus,区域性优势杂草有6种,分别为野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum、碎米芥Cardamine hirsuta、大巢菜Vicia gigantea、通泉草Mazus japonicus、菵草Beckmannia syzigachne、委陵菜Potentilla chinensis,这13种杂草是构成黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田的主要杂草,此外还分布有一般性杂草36种;从杂草区域分布来看,江苏省北部稻麦轮作区小麦田物种丰富度最高,有40种,明显高于其它稻麦轮作区小麦田,香农指数和均匀度指数也以该区域最高,分别为2.63和0.71,辛普森指数则以山东省临沂库灌稻麦区最高,为0.27。聚类分析结果表明,黄淮海地区稻茬小麦田杂草群落可以划分为4组,河南省南部稻麦轮作区和山东省临沂库灌稻麦轮作区杂草群落结构相似构成1组,河南省北部沿黄稻麦轮作区和山东省沿黄稻麦轮作区杂草群落结构相似构成1组;江苏省北部稻麦轮作区和山东省济宁滨湖稻麦轮作区各自单独成组。
To determine the species composition and characterization of weed communities in ricewheat rotation area in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, weed survey was conducted with sampling methods of inverted W-pattern. The results showed that 49 weed species belonging to 45 genera of 17 families were found, among them, the most species of Gramineae, Compositae, Cruciferae and Caryophyllaceae were ten, eight, seven and six, respectively. From weed species dominance, seven species were considered as dominant weeds, including Alopecurus aequalis, Sclerochloa kengiana, Galium aparine, Malachium aquaticum, Lapsana apogonoides, Capsella bursa-pastoris, A. japonicus, and six species as regional dominant weeds, including Geranium carolinianum, Cardamine hirsuta, Vicia gigantea, Mazus japonicus, Beckmannia syzigachne, Potentilla chinensis and 36 species as normal weeds. Rice-wheat rotation area in northern Jiangsu possessed the highest species richness of 40 species, the Shannon index and the evenness index were the highest in this region, which were 2.63 and 0.71, respectively, and the Simpson index in rice-wheat rotation area in Linyi of Shandong was the highest with 0.27. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that weeds in Huang-Huai-Hai Region were in four groups: rice-wheat rotation area in southern Henan and rice-wheat rotation area in Linyi of Shandong, rice-wheat rotation area along Yellow River in northern Henan and rice-wheat rotation area along Yellow River in Shandong, rice-wheat rotation area in northern Jiangsu, rice-wheat rotation area in Jining of Shandong.
To determine the species composition and characterization of weed communities in ricewheat rotation area in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, weed survey was conducted with sampling methods of inverted W-pattern. The results showed that 49 weed species belonging to 45 genera of 17 families were found, among them, the most species of Gramineae, Compositae, Cruciferae and Caryophyllaceae were ten, eight, seven and six, respectively. From weed species dominance, seven species were considered as dominant weeds, including Alopecurus aequalis, Sclerochloa kengiana, Galium aparine, Malachium aquaticum, Lapsana apogonoides, Capsella bursa-pastoris, A. japonicus, and six species as regional dominant weeds, including Geranium carolinianum, Cardamine hirsuta, Vicia gigantea, Mazus japonicus, Beckmannia syzigachne, Potentilla chinensis and 36 species as normal weeds. Rice-wheat rotation area in northern Jiangsu possessed the highest species richness of 40 species, the Shannon index and the evenness index were the highest in this region, which were 2.63 and 0.71, respectively, and the Simpson index in rice-wheat rotation area in Linyi of Shandong was the highest with 0.27. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that weeds in Huang-Huai-Hai Region were in four groups: rice-wheat rotation area in southern Henan and rice-wheat rotation area in Linyi of Shandong, rice-wheat rotation area along Yellow River in northern Henan and rice-wheat rotation area along Yellow River in Shandong, rice-wheat rotation area in northern Jiangsu, rice-wheat rotation area in Jining of Shandong.
引文
Bo WJ,Guo LY,Li J,Wei JG,Li CH,Li Y,Jiang GM.2012.Impact of different tillages and fertilization patterns on weed community and corn yield in an organic farmland.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,47(6):637-644(in Chinese)[博文静,郭立月,李静,韦继光,李彩虹,李勇,蒋高明.2012.不同耕作与施肥方式对有机玉米田杂草群落和作物产量的影响.植物学报,47(6):637-644]
Fang F,Zhang CX,Huang HJ,Li Y,Chen JC,Yang L,Wei SH.2013.Potential distribution of Tauschs goatgrass(Aegilops tauschii)in both China and the rest of the world as predicted by MaxEnt.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,22(2):62-70(in Chinese)[房锋,张朝贤,黄红娟,李燕,陈景超,杨龙,魏守辉.2013.基于MaxEnt的麦田恶性杂草节节麦的潜在分布区预测.草业学报,22(2):62-70]
Gao XJ,Wang HL,Ma YH,Guo MY,Zhang JT,Chen W.2016.Species composition and characterization of weed communities in wheat fields in Henan Province.Journal of Plant Protection,43(4):697-704(in Chinese)[高新菊,王恒亮,马毅辉,郭梅燕,张俊涛,陈威.2016.河南省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征.植物保护学报,43(4):697-704]
Gao XX,Li M,Fang F,Li J.2016.Species composition and characterization of weed community in winter fields in Henan Province.Journal of Triticeae Crops,36(10):1402-1408(in Chinese)[高兴祥,李美,房锋,李健.2016.河南省冬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征.麦类作物学报,36(10):1402-1408]
Gao XX,Li M,Fang F,Zhang YL,Sun ZW,Qi JS.2014.Species composition and characterization of weed communities in wheat fields in Shandong Province.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,23(5):92-98(in Chinese)[高兴祥,李美,房锋,张悦丽,孙作文,齐军山.2014.山东省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征.草业学报,23(5):92-98]
Gao XX,Li M,Ge QL,Zhang JH,Gao ZJ,Zhang YL.2011.Biological activity of eight herbicides to eight species of major grasses in wheat fields.Journal of Plant Protection,38(6):557-562(in Chinese)[高兴祥,李美,葛秋岭,张建华,高宗军,张悦丽.2011.啶磺草胺等8种除草剂对小麦田8种禾本科杂草的生物活性.植物保护学报,38(6):557-562]
Gao ZJ,Li M,Gao XX,Guo X,Sun TL,Zhao W.2011.Effect of different tillages on weed communities in winter wheat fields.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,20(1):15-21(in Chinese)[高宗军,李美,高兴祥,郭晓,孙廷林,赵维.2011.不同耕作方式对冬小麦田杂草群落的影响.草业学报,20(1):15-21]
Li G,Wu JL.2006.The trend and prevention of grass weeds in wheat fields in Jiangsu Province.Weed Research,(4):9-10,45(in Chinese)[李贵,吴竞仑.2006.江苏省小麦田禾本科杂草发生趋势及防除策略思考.杂草科学,(4):9-10,45]
Li M,Gao XX,Li J,Fang F,Sun ZW.2016.Occurrence status,control difficulties and control techniques of weeds in winter wheat field in Huang-Huai-Hai Region.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,48(11):119-124(in Chinese)[李美,高兴祥,李健,房锋,孙作文.2016.黄淮海冬小麦田杂草发生现状、防除难点及防控技术.山东农业科学,48(11):119-124]
Lin W.2002.The application of inverted“W”with nine sampling points in the investigation on the weed community structure.Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,(2):13-14(in Chinese)[林伟.2002.倒置“W”九点取样法在杂草群落结构调查上的应用.上海农业科技,(2):13-14]
Lou YL,Xue G,Deng YY.1998.Distribution and harm of weeds in rice stubble field in Jiangsu Province.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(2):36-37(in Chinese)[娄远来,薛光,邓渊钰.1998.江苏省稻茬麦田杂草分布与危害.江苏农业科学,(2):36-37]
Ma KP,Liu YM.1994.Measurement of biotic community diversity I:αdiversity(part 2).Biodiversity Science,2(4):231-239(in Chinese)[马克平,刘玉明.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法I.α多样性的测度方法(下).生物多样性,2(4):231-239]
Tian ZQ.2009.Study on the yield potential and technical ways for yield improvement in rice in Henan Province.Master Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University(in Chinese)[田志强.2009.河南省水稻生产潜力及增产技术途径研究.硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学]
Wang KJ,Qiang S.2002.Quantitative analysis of weed community in wheat field in northern areas of Jiangsu Province.Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,18(3):147-15(in Chinese)[王开金,强胜.2002.江苏省长江以北地区麦田杂草群落的定量分析.江苏农业学报,18(3):147-153]
Wu X,Yang LQ,Chen F,Zhang SY,Ma JQ,Zhou XB,Cui TC.2013.The present situation and countermeasure of rice production in Shandong Province.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,45(5):119-125(in Chinese)[吴修,杨连群,陈峰,张士永,马加清,周学标,崔太昌.2013.山东省水稻生产现状及发展对策.山东农业科学,45(5):119-125]
Xie XD.2016.Studied on population quality indicators and nitrogen fertilizer application of the wheat under rice stubble in southern Henan Province.Master Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University(in Chinese)[谢旭东.2016.豫南稻茬小麦高产群体质量指标与氮肥调控效应研究.硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学]
Zhang ZM,Huang SM,Ye YZ,Yang XM.2010.The effects of long term different fertilization on community and biodiversity of crop weeds.Henan Agricultural Sciences,(6):67-70(in Chinese)[张志铭,黄绍敏,叶永忠,杨先明.2010.长期不同施肥方式对麦田杂草群落结构及生物多样性的影响.河南农业科学,(6):67-70]
Zhou YM,Gu ZZ,Wang AB.2012.Characteristics of yield formation of late-sown wheat after rice in Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province.Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,24(5):21-23(in Chinese)[周羊梅,顾正中,王安邦.2012.江苏淮北地区不同类型晚播稻茬小麦产量形成特点.江西农业学报,24(5):21-23]
Fang F,Zhang CX,Huang HJ,Li Y,Chen JC,Yang L,Wei SH.2013.Potential distribution of Tauschs goatgrass(Aegilops tauschii)in both China and the rest of the world as predicted by MaxEnt.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,22(2):62-70(in Chinese)[房锋,张朝贤,黄红娟,李燕,陈景超,杨龙,魏守辉.2013.基于MaxEnt的麦田恶性杂草节节麦的潜在分布区预测.草业学报,22(2):62-70]
Gao XJ,Wang HL,Ma YH,Guo MY,Zhang JT,Chen W.2016.Species composition and characterization of weed communities in wheat fields in Henan Province.Journal of Plant Protection,43(4):697-704(in Chinese)[高新菊,王恒亮,马毅辉,郭梅燕,张俊涛,陈威.2016.河南省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征.植物保护学报,43(4):697-704]
Gao XX,Li M,Fang F,Li J.2016.Species composition and characterization of weed community in winter fields in Henan Province.Journal of Triticeae Crops,36(10):1402-1408(in Chinese)[高兴祥,李美,房锋,李健.2016.河南省冬小麦田杂草组成及群落特征.麦类作物学报,36(10):1402-1408]
Gao XX,Li M,Fang F,Zhang YL,Sun ZW,Qi JS.2014.Species composition and characterization of weed communities in wheat fields in Shandong Province.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,23(5):92-98(in Chinese)[高兴祥,李美,房锋,张悦丽,孙作文,齐军山.2014.山东省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征.草业学报,23(5):92-98]
Gao XX,Li M,Ge QL,Zhang JH,Gao ZJ,Zhang YL.2011.Biological activity of eight herbicides to eight species of major grasses in wheat fields.Journal of Plant Protection,38(6):557-562(in Chinese)[高兴祥,李美,葛秋岭,张建华,高宗军,张悦丽.2011.啶磺草胺等8种除草剂对小麦田8种禾本科杂草的生物活性.植物保护学报,38(6):557-562]
Gao ZJ,Li M,Gao XX,Guo X,Sun TL,Zhao W.2011.Effect of different tillages on weed communities in winter wheat fields.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,20(1):15-21(in Chinese)[高宗军,李美,高兴祥,郭晓,孙廷林,赵维.2011.不同耕作方式对冬小麦田杂草群落的影响.草业学报,20(1):15-21]
Li G,Wu JL.2006.The trend and prevention of grass weeds in wheat fields in Jiangsu Province.Weed Research,(4):9-10,45(in Chinese)[李贵,吴竞仑.2006.江苏省小麦田禾本科杂草发生趋势及防除策略思考.杂草科学,(4):9-10,45]
Li M,Gao XX,Li J,Fang F,Sun ZW.2016.Occurrence status,control difficulties and control techniques of weeds in winter wheat field in Huang-Huai-Hai Region.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,48(11):119-124(in Chinese)[李美,高兴祥,李健,房锋,孙作文.2016.黄淮海冬小麦田杂草发生现状、防除难点及防控技术.山东农业科学,48(11):119-124]
Lin W.2002.The application of inverted“W”with nine sampling points in the investigation on the weed community structure.Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,(2):13-14(in Chinese)[林伟.2002.倒置“W”九点取样法在杂草群落结构调查上的应用.上海农业科技,(2):13-14]
Lou YL,Xue G,Deng YY.1998.Distribution and harm of weeds in rice stubble field in Jiangsu Province.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(2):36-37(in Chinese)[娄远来,薛光,邓渊钰.1998.江苏省稻茬麦田杂草分布与危害.江苏农业科学,(2):36-37]
Ma KP,Liu YM.1994.Measurement of biotic community diversity I:αdiversity(part 2).Biodiversity Science,2(4):231-239(in Chinese)[马克平,刘玉明.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法I.α多样性的测度方法(下).生物多样性,2(4):231-239]
Tian ZQ.2009.Study on the yield potential and technical ways for yield improvement in rice in Henan Province.Master Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University(in Chinese)[田志强.2009.河南省水稻生产潜力及增产技术途径研究.硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学]
Wang KJ,Qiang S.2002.Quantitative analysis of weed community in wheat field in northern areas of Jiangsu Province.Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,18(3):147-15(in Chinese)[王开金,强胜.2002.江苏省长江以北地区麦田杂草群落的定量分析.江苏农业学报,18(3):147-153]
Wu X,Yang LQ,Chen F,Zhang SY,Ma JQ,Zhou XB,Cui TC.2013.The present situation and countermeasure of rice production in Shandong Province.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,45(5):119-125(in Chinese)[吴修,杨连群,陈峰,张士永,马加清,周学标,崔太昌.2013.山东省水稻生产现状及发展对策.山东农业科学,45(5):119-125]
Xie XD.2016.Studied on population quality indicators and nitrogen fertilizer application of the wheat under rice stubble in southern Henan Province.Master Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University(in Chinese)[谢旭东.2016.豫南稻茬小麦高产群体质量指标与氮肥调控效应研究.硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学]
Zhang ZM,Huang SM,Ye YZ,Yang XM.2010.The effects of long term different fertilization on community and biodiversity of crop weeds.Henan Agricultural Sciences,(6):67-70(in Chinese)[张志铭,黄绍敏,叶永忠,杨先明.2010.长期不同施肥方式对麦田杂草群落结构及生物多样性的影响.河南农业科学,(6):67-70]
Zhou YM,Gu ZZ,Wang AB.2012.Characteristics of yield formation of late-sown wheat after rice in Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province.Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,24(5):21-23(in Chinese)[周羊梅,顾正中,王安邦.2012.江苏淮北地区不同类型晚播稻茬小麦产量形成特点.江西农业学报,24(5):21-23]