华南上奥陶统宝塔组天文年代格架及其地质意义
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摘要
对华南四川盆地及周缘地区的四川省南江县桥亭剖面、重庆市南川区三泉剖面和贵州省习水县良村剖面上奥陶统宝塔组高分辨率磁化率(MS)数据进行了旋回地层学分析,识别出405ka长偏心率、100ka短偏心率、30ka斜率和20ka岁差沉积旋回,其中偏心率和岁差旋回信号最强。利用405ka长偏心率旋回进行天文调谐后得出三条剖面宝塔组的沉积时限分别为4.17Ma、5.64Ma和5.05Ma,平均沉积速率分别为7.67m·Ma~(-1)、4.68m·Ma~(-1)和6.37m·Ma~(-1),呈现出从北往南沉积时限变长,沉积速率变小的趋势,指示了北部接受沉积时间要比南部更晚,海侵从南向北推进。良村剖面宝塔组中所产牙形石Hamarodus brevirameus带和Protopanderodus insculptus带的延续时限分别为3.62 Ma和1.43 Ma;桥亭剖面三叶虫Niuchangella angustilimbata间隔带、Dislobosaspis xixiangensis延限带和未建带的延续时限分别是2.83 Ma、0.41Ma和0.81Ma。
We conducted high resolution cyclostratigraphic studies on the magnetic susceptibility(MS)series of the Upper Ordovician Pagoda Formation in three locations including the Qiaoting section in Nanjiang,Sichuan,the Sanquan section in Nanchuan,Chongqing,and the Liangcun section in Xishui,Guizhou.We identified the hierarchy of Milankovitch 405 ka long eccentricity,100 ka short eccentricity,30 ka obliquity and 20 ka precession cycles with strong eccentricity and precessional signals.We also established floating astronomical time scales by tuning the 405 ka eccentricity cycles and determined the precise durations of the Pagoda Formation to be 4.17,5.64 and 5.05 Ma for the Qiaoting,Sanquan and Liangcun sections,respectively.The average sedimentary rates of the Pagoda Formation were calculated to be 7.67,4.68 and6.37 m·Ma~(-1) for the three sections,respectively,decreasing from north to south in the Sichuan Basin,indicating that the studied area uplifted to become continent before the sedimentary time of the Pagoda Formation and transgressed from south to north. The conodont Hamarodus brevirameus and Protopanderodus insculptus zones in the Pagoda Formation lasted 3.62 and 1.43 Ma for the Liangcun section,respectively,while the trilobites Niuchangella angustilimbata,Dislobosaspis xixiangensis and unnamed zones lasted 2.83,0.41 and 0.81 Ma for the Qiaoting section,respectively.
We conducted high resolution cyclostratigraphic studies on the magnetic susceptibility(MS)series of the Upper Ordovician Pagoda Formation in three locations including the Qiaoting section in Nanjiang,Sichuan,the Sanquan section in Nanchuan,Chongqing,and the Liangcun section in Xishui,Guizhou.We identified the hierarchy of Milankovitch 405 ka long eccentricity,100 ka short eccentricity,30 ka obliquity and 20 ka precession cycles with strong eccentricity and precessional signals.We also established floating astronomical time scales by tuning the 405 ka eccentricity cycles and determined the precise durations of the Pagoda Formation to be 4.17,5.64 and 5.05 Ma for the Qiaoting,Sanquan and Liangcun sections,respectively.The average sedimentary rates of the Pagoda Formation were calculated to be 7.67,4.68 and6.37 m·Ma~(-1) for the three sections,respectively,decreasing from north to south in the Sichuan Basin,indicating that the studied area uplifted to become continent before the sedimentary time of the Pagoda Formation and transgressed from south to north. The conodont Hamarodus brevirameus and Protopanderodus insculptus zones in the Pagoda Formation lasted 3.62 and 1.43 Ma for the Liangcun section,respectively,while the trilobites Niuchangella angustilimbata,Dislobosaspis xixiangensis and unnamed zones lasted 2.83,0.41 and 0.81 Ma for the Qiaoting section,respectively.
引文
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[2]方翔,张允白,陈挺恩,等.论中华震旦角石(Sinoceras chinense)的鉴别特征[J].古生物学报,2015,54(1):84-92.
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[5]周志强,周志毅,项礼文.中国扬子陆块中、西部奥陶系宝塔组三叶虫动物群[M].北京:地质出版社,2016:1-422.
[6]吴怀春,张世红,冯庆来,等.旋回地层学理论基础、研究进展和展望[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(3):409-428.
[7]GRADSTEIN F M,OGG J G,SCHMITZ M.The geologic time scale[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2012.
[8]HINNOV L A.Cyclostratigraphy and its revolutionizing applications in the Earth and planetary sciences[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2013,125(11/12):1703-1734.
[9]WU H C,ZHANG S H,SUI S W,et al.Recognition of Milankovitch Cycles in the natural gammar-ray logging of Upper Cretaceous terrestrial strata in the Songliao Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(6):996-1001.
[10]WU H C,SHI M N,ZHAO X X,et al.Magnetostratigraphy of ODP Site 1143in the South China Sea since the Early Pliocence[J].Marine Geology,2017,394:133-142.
[11]HUANG C J,HINNOV L A,OGG J G,et al.Astronomical calibration of the Jurassic time scale[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(Suppl):108-109.
[12]OLSEN P E,KENT D V.Long-period Milankovitch Cycles from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of eastern North America and their implications for the calibration of the Early Mesozoic time-scale and the long-term behavior of the planets[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,1999,357:1761-1786.
[13]吴怀春,张世红,黄清华.中国东北松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组浮动天文年代标尺的建立[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):159-169.
[14]马坤元,李若琛,龚一鸣.秦皇岛石门寨亮甲山奥陶系剖面化学地层和旋回地层研究[J].地学前缘,2016,23(6):268-286.
[15]GONG Y M,LI B H,WANG C Y,et al.Orbital cyclostratigraphy of the Devonian Frasniarr Famennian Transition in South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2001,168(3/4):237-248.
[16]CHEN D Z,TUCKER M E.The Frasniarr Famennian Mass Extinction:insights from high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy in South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2003,193:87-111.
[17]龚一鸣,徐冉,汤中道,等.广西上泥盆统轨道旋回地层与牙形石带的数字定年[J].中国科学:地球科学,2004,35(7):635-643.
[18]HINNOV L A,OGG J G.Cyclosratigraphy and the astronomical time scale[J].Stratigraphy,2007,4:239-251.
[19]WU H C,ZHANG S H,HINNOV L A,et al.Time-calibrated Milankovitch Cycles for the Late Permian[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:2452.
[20]吴怀春,钟阳阳,房强,等.古生代旋回地层学与天文地质年代表[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2017,36(5):750-770.
[21]GONG Y M,DROSER M L.Periodic anoxic shelf in the Early-Middle Ordovician transition:ichnosedimentologic evidence from West-Central Utah,USA[J].Science in China:Earth Science,2001,44(11):979-989.
[22]SVENSENA H H,HAMMERB?,CORFU F.Astronomically forced cyclicity in the Upper Ordovician and U-Pb ages of interlayered Tephra Oslo region,Norway[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2015,418:150-159.
[23]FANG Q,WU H C,HINNOV L A,et al.A record of astronomically forced climate change in a Late Ordovician(Sandbian)deep marine sequence,Ordos Basin,North China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2016,341:163-174.
[24]ZHONG Y Y,WU H C,ZHANG Y D,et al.Astronomical calibration of the Middle Ordovician of the Yangtze Block,South China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2018,505:86-99.DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.030.
[25]HINNOV L A,DIECCHIO R J.Milankovtich cycles in the Juniata Formation,Late Ordovician,Central Appalachian Basin,USA[J].Stratigraphy,2015,12(3/4):287-296.
[26]POL A,DONNADIEU Y,HIR G L.Effect of the Ordovician paleogeography on the(in)stability of the climate[J].Climate of the Past,2014,10:2053-2066.
[27]刘伟,洪海涛,徐安娜,等.四川盆地奥陶系岩相古地理与勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2017,22(4):1-10.
[28]樊茹,卢远征,张学磊,等.四川盆地奥陶系十字铺组与宝塔组接触关系新认识[J].地质学报,2013,87(3):321-329.
[29]周传明,薛耀松.湘鄂西奥陶纪宝塔组灰岩网纹构造成因及沉积环境探讨[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(4):307-309,334-335.
[30]许效松,万方,尹福光,等.奥陶系宝塔组灰岩的环境相、生态相与成岩相[J].矿物岩石,2001,21(3):64-68.
[31]林良彪,余瑜,黄棋棽,等.川北旺苍地区奥陶系地球化学特征及沉积环境分析[J].岩石学报,2017,33(4):1272-1284.
[32]樊茹,卢远征,张学磊,等.贵州习水奥陶系牙形石生物地层[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(1):15-32.
[33]ROBINSON S G.The Late Pleistocene palaeoclimatic record of North Atlantic deep-sea sediments revealed by mineralmagnetic measurements[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1986,42(1/2):22-47.
[34]BLOEMENDAL J,DEMENOCAL P.Evidence for a change in the periodicity of tropical climate cycles at 2.4 Myr from whole-core magnetic susceptibility measurements[J].Nature,1989,342:897-900.
[35]COURTILLOT V.Recent progress in rock magnetism[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1996,23(20):2801.
[36]刘秀铭,夏敦胜,刘东生.中国黄土和阿拉斯加黄土磁化率气候记录的两种模式探讨[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):210-220.
[37]BALSAM W,JI J F,CHEN J.Climatic interpretation of the Luochuan and Lingtai loess sections,China,base on Changing iron oxide mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,223(3):335-348.
[38]符超峰,宋友桂,强小科,等.环境磁学在古气候环境研究中的回顾与展望[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(3):312-322.
[39]RUHL M,DEENEN M H L,ABELS H A,et al.Astronomical constraints on the duration of the Early Jurassic Hettangian stage and recovery rates following the end-Triassic Mass Extinction(St Audrie's Bay/East Quantoxhead,UK)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,295:262-276.
[40]WU H C,ZHANG S,FENG Q,et al.Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch cycles of the Early Triassic Daye Formation,South China and their geochronological and paleoclimate implications[J].Gondwana Research,2012,22(2):748-759.
[41]WEEDON G P,JENKYNS H C,COE A L,et al.Astronomical calibration of the Jurassic time-scale from cyclostratigraphy in British Mudrock Formations[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,Series A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1999,357:1787-1813.
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