微生物浸出技术及其研究进展
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摘要
基于低品位矿产资源现状,微生物浸出技术成为矿物开发利用的重要途径。在回顾微生物浸出技术的发展基础上,就常见的微生物种类、生物浸出机理以及浸出效率的影响因素等研究进展进行了总结。微生物本身特性和环境因素都会影响矿物的微生物浸出效率,除了最合适的p H值和20%以内的矿浆浓度,矿石粒度也不能太细,同时加以充分搅拌,使矿石与微生物充分接触,为浸出体系提供充足的O_2和CO_2。然而,目前对于高效菌种培育和散体渗流过程等研究较欠缺,需要对微生物浸矿工艺进行改进和完善。
According to the situation of mineral resources with low grade in China,utilizing and developing the bioleaching technology could be a key approach to the resource exploitation. With the summary of bioleaching technology development,recent research progress on the different types of microbes, the possible interaction mechanisms for industrial application in bioleaching process,and the main factors on affecting the leaching efficiency of bioleaching from the ores were reviewed. Results showed that the feature of microbe and environmental factors were considered to affect the efficiency of microbial leaching process. In addition to control the p H value and pulp density less than 20%,the particle size can not be very small and continuous stirring was also needed to provide sufficient oxygen and carbon dioxide for leaching system. However,it should be noted that the procedure of bacteria cultivation and filling techniques needed further study,in order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching technology for mineral resources.
According to the situation of mineral resources with low grade in China,utilizing and developing the bioleaching technology could be a key approach to the resource exploitation. With the summary of bioleaching technology development,recent research progress on the different types of microbes, the possible interaction mechanisms for industrial application in bioleaching process,and the main factors on affecting the leaching efficiency of bioleaching from the ores were reviewed. Results showed that the feature of microbe and environmental factors were considered to affect the efficiency of microbial leaching process. In addition to control the p H value and pulp density less than 20%,the particle size can not be very small and continuous stirring was also needed to provide sufficient oxygen and carbon dioxide for leaching system. However,it should be noted that the procedure of bacteria cultivation and filling techniques needed further study,in order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching technology for mineral resources.
引文
[1]Abhilash R,Singh S,Mehta K D,et al.Dissolution of uranium from silicate-apatite ore by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans[J].Hydrometallurgy,2009,95(1-2):70-75.
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[3]陈薇.微生物浸出技术研究及其应用现状[J].盐业与化工,2014,43(12):8-11.
[4]程义,李宗春,咸会杰,等.浸矿微生物及其浸矿机理的研究进展[J].化学工程与装备,2011(3):148-150.
[5]李兵.嗜铁钩端螺旋菌在砷胁迫条件下的蛋白质组学研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010.
[6]Crundwell FK.How do bacteria interact with minerals?[J].Hydrometallurgy,2003,71:75-81.
[7]Jerez CA,Arrendondo RA.Sensitive immunological metho to enumerate Leptospirillum ferrooxidans in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans[J].Microbiology Letters,1991,78:99-102.
[8]Femandez MG,Mustin C.Occurrences at mineral-bacteria interface during oxidation of arsenopyrite by thiobacillus ferrooxidans[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1995,48:13-21.
[9]Brierley JA.Thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria found in copper leaching dumps[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,1978,36:523-525.
[10]Okibe N,Johnson DB.Biooxidation of pyrite by defined mixed cultures of moderately thermopholic acidophiles in p H-controlled bioreactors:significance of microbial interactions[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2004,87(5):574-583.
[11]Falco L,Poglianli C.A comparison of bioleaching of covellite using pure cultures of Acidthiobacillus ferrooxiands and Acidthiobacillus thiooxiands or a mixed culture of Leptospirilhm ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans[J].Hydrometallurgy,2003,71(1-2):31-36.
[12]Watling H R.The bioleaching of sulphide minerals with emphasis on copper sulphides-A review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2006,84(1-2):81-108.
[13]Kodali B,Bhagvanth R M,Lakshmi N M.Effect of biochemical reactions in enhancement of rate of leaching[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2004,59(4):5069-5073.
[14]Daoud J,Karamanev D.Formation of jarosite during Fe2+oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans[J].Minerals Engineering,2006,19(9):960-967.
[15]Liu Y G,Zhou M,Zeng G M.Effect of solids concentration on removal of heavy metal from mine tailings via bioleaching[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(1):202-208.
[16]Tipre DR,Dave SR.Bioleaching process for Cu-Pb-Zn bulk concentrates at high pulp density[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,75(1-4):37-43.
[17]Mousavi SM,Yaghmaei S,Vossoughi M.Bacterial leaching of lowgrade Zn S concentrate using indigenous mesophilic and thermophilic strains[J].Hydrometallurgy,2007,85(8):59-65.
[18]Hugues P,Cezac P,Cabral T,et al.Bioleaching of a cobaltiferous pyrite:a continuous laboratory-scale study at high solids concentration[J].Minerals Engineering,1997,10(14):507-527.
[19]Gericke M,Pinches A,Rooyen V.Bioleaching of a chalcopyrite concentrate using an extremely thermophilic culture[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2001,62(2):243-255.
[20]Harrison M.Effect of solid loading on thermophilic bioleaching of sulphide minerals[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2000,75(7):526-532.
[21]Das A,Modak J M,Natarajan K A.Studies on multi-metal ion tolerance of Thibacillus ferrooxidans[J].Minerals Engineering,1997,10(7):743-749.
[2]Tang K,Baskaran V,Nemati M.Bacteria of the sulphur cycle:an overview of microbiology,biokinetics and their role in petroleum and mining industries[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2009,44(1):73-94.
[3]陈薇.微生物浸出技术研究及其应用现状[J].盐业与化工,2014,43(12):8-11.
[4]程义,李宗春,咸会杰,等.浸矿微生物及其浸矿机理的研究进展[J].化学工程与装备,2011(3):148-150.
[5]李兵.嗜铁钩端螺旋菌在砷胁迫条件下的蛋白质组学研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010.
[6]Crundwell FK.How do bacteria interact with minerals?[J].Hydrometallurgy,2003,71:75-81.
[7]Jerez CA,Arrendondo RA.Sensitive immunological metho to enumerate Leptospirillum ferrooxidans in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans[J].Microbiology Letters,1991,78:99-102.
[8]Femandez MG,Mustin C.Occurrences at mineral-bacteria interface during oxidation of arsenopyrite by thiobacillus ferrooxidans[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1995,48:13-21.
[9]Brierley JA.Thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria found in copper leaching dumps[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,1978,36:523-525.
[10]Okibe N,Johnson DB.Biooxidation of pyrite by defined mixed cultures of moderately thermopholic acidophiles in p H-controlled bioreactors:significance of microbial interactions[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2004,87(5):574-583.
[11]Falco L,Poglianli C.A comparison of bioleaching of covellite using pure cultures of Acidthiobacillus ferrooxiands and Acidthiobacillus thiooxiands or a mixed culture of Leptospirilhm ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans[J].Hydrometallurgy,2003,71(1-2):31-36.
[12]Watling H R.The bioleaching of sulphide minerals with emphasis on copper sulphides-A review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2006,84(1-2):81-108.
[13]Kodali B,Bhagvanth R M,Lakshmi N M.Effect of biochemical reactions in enhancement of rate of leaching[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2004,59(4):5069-5073.
[14]Daoud J,Karamanev D.Formation of jarosite during Fe2+oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans[J].Minerals Engineering,2006,19(9):960-967.
[15]Liu Y G,Zhou M,Zeng G M.Effect of solids concentration on removal of heavy metal from mine tailings via bioleaching[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(1):202-208.
[16]Tipre DR,Dave SR.Bioleaching process for Cu-Pb-Zn bulk concentrates at high pulp density[J].Hydrometallurgy,2004,75(1-4):37-43.
[17]Mousavi SM,Yaghmaei S,Vossoughi M.Bacterial leaching of lowgrade Zn S concentrate using indigenous mesophilic and thermophilic strains[J].Hydrometallurgy,2007,85(8):59-65.
[18]Hugues P,Cezac P,Cabral T,et al.Bioleaching of a cobaltiferous pyrite:a continuous laboratory-scale study at high solids concentration[J].Minerals Engineering,1997,10(14):507-527.
[19]Gericke M,Pinches A,Rooyen V.Bioleaching of a chalcopyrite concentrate using an extremely thermophilic culture[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2001,62(2):243-255.
[20]Harrison M.Effect of solid loading on thermophilic bioleaching of sulphide minerals[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2000,75(7):526-532.
[21]Das A,Modak J M,Natarajan K A.Studies on multi-metal ion tolerance of Thibacillus ferrooxidans[J].Minerals Engineering,1997,10(7):743-749.